A dyadic approach to the delineation of diagnostic entities in clinical genomics

Affiliations

• ¹ Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
• ³ Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
• ⁴ Computercraft Corporation, McLean, VA 20005, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
• ⁶ Pediatric Genetic Medicine Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98015, USA.
• ⁷ Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Division Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92123, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ¹¹ Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
• ¹² Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
• ¹³ Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA.
• ¹⁴ The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Child Development, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
• ¹⁵ Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
• ¹⁶ Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
• ¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
• ¹⁹ Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
• ²⁰ Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, AI DuPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
• ²¹ Mission Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, NC 28803, USA.
• ²² Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
• ²³ Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
• ²⁴ Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
• ²⁵ Division of Genetics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
• ²⁶ Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
• ²⁷ Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
• ²⁸ Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
• ²⁹ University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
• ³⁰ Molecular Medicine & Pathology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3K9, Canada.
• ³¹ GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.
• ³² Genome Medical, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
• ³³ Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
• ³⁴ Spectrum Health Medical Genetics and Genomics/Helen Devos Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
• ³⁵ Institute for Human Genetics and Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.
• ³⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
• ³⁸ Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
• ³⁹ Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
• ⁴⁰ Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
• ⁴¹ Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
• ⁴² Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
• ⁴³ Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.