Chronic therapeutic anticoagulation is associated with decreased thrombotic complications in SARS-CoV-2 infection

J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Oct;18(10):2640-2645. doi: 10.1111/jth.15032. Epub 2020 Aug 24.

Abstract

Background: Thrombotic disease complicates severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Various anticoagulation strategies have been evaluated in hospitalized patients to prevent complications. The impact of chronic anticoagulation before SARS-CoV-2 infection on the risk for subsequent thrombosis has not been systematically studied.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study. All patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing from March 13, 2020, through May 6, 2020, at the University of Rochester Medical Center were identified. We included all patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for at least 1 month before COVID diagnosis. We documented the rate of thrombotic complications, type of anticoagulation, bleeding complications, and mortality.

Results: A total of 107 SARS-CoV2-infected patients were chronically anticoagulated before SARS-CoV-2 testing with a median age of 78. Of those, 42 required hospital admission, with 17 requiring intensive care. No patients, inpatient or outpatient, were diagnosed with a new symptomatic thrombotic complication. Three patients had minor bleeding in the hospital. Thirteen (12%) patients died (69% male).

Conclusion: Our uncontrolled findings suggest that chronic anticoagulation at the time of infection may protect against thrombotic complications and decrease disease severity.

Keywords: COVID; anticoagulation; mortality; pulmonary embolus; thrombosis.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticoagulants / administration & dosage
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use*
  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • COVID-19 / mortality
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
  • Female
  • Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • New York / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Thrombosis / etiology
  • Thrombosis / prevention & control*

Substances

  • Anticoagulants