Background: Up to 35% of veterans with opioid use disorder (OUD) are homeless, and veterans with OUD are nearly 29 times higher risk for homelessness; however, few are prescribed naloxone, an evidence-based intervention to reverse life-threatening opioid overdose.
Local problem: Many housing facilities for homeless veterans contracted with the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System are located in neighborhoods with high rates of opioid overdose. No systematic interventions have been implemented to provide opioid overdose education and naloxone kits to veterans and staff at these facilities. This quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed to increase provision of opioid overdose education and naloxone for veterans and staff at contracted housing facilities.
Methods: This was a prospective single-arm cohort QI intervention. All contracted veteran housing programs were included. Descriptive statistics evaluated results.
Interventions: A total of 18 contracted veteran housing programs were contacted from July 2019 through January 2020 to schedule training.
Results: Of those, 13 programs responded to outreach and 10 visits were completed at 8 housing facilities. Training was provided by pharmacist and nurse practitioner trainers to 26 staff members and 59 veterans. Naloxone was prescribed to 37 veterans.
Conclusions: A pharmacist-led and nurse practitioner-led initiative was effective in increasing veteran and staff access to opioid overdose education and naloxone at >44% contracted veteran housing facilities. Challenges included lack of response from housing programs, low veteran turn out, and inability to provide naloxone to veterans not enrolled/ineligible for health care. Future initiatives should examine strategies to standardize access in homeless veterans' programs.
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