Downregulated expression of intestinal P-glycoprotein in rats with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury causes amplification of its transport capacity to maintain "gatekeeper" function

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 Jul 15:423:115570. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115570. Epub 2021 May 7.

Abstract

The expression of transporters on the apical and basal membranes of renal proximal tubular cells are down- or upregulated to various extents under cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, little is known about the changes in transporters in tissues other than the kidney under CDDP-induced AKI. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of the expression/function of intestinal efflux transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), in CDDP-induced AKI rats. On day 3 after the intraperitoneal administration of CDDP (5 mg/kg) to rats, the expression levels of P-gp and Bcrp were compared with those of normal rats. Further, the absorption of three P-gp substrates (6α-methylprednisolone, rhodamine 123, and gatifloxacin) was evaluated in both groups using conventional loop techniques. In the CDDP-induced AKI rats, P-gp expression in the ileum was markedly decreased to approximately 38% of that in the normal rats. However, no significant changes in Bcrp expression were observed in the AKI rats. In contrast with the reduction in P-gp expression in the AKI rats, the absorption of the three P-gp substrates remained almost the same or decreased in the AKI group. The addition of verapamil (a potent P-gp inhibitor) increased the absorption of the three P-gp substrates to the values obtained from the normal rats. In conclusion, our results suggested that P-gp expression is downregulated in rats with CDDP-induced AKI but that P-gp maintains its potency as a "gatekeeper" against the absorption of xenobiotics by amplifying its individual transport capacity under these conditions.

Keywords: 6α-methylprednisolone; Breast cancer resistance protein; Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury; P-glycoprotein; Rat small intestine.

MeSH terms

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / biosynthesis*
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / genetics
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 / biosynthesis
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 / genetics
  • Acute Kidney Injury / chemically induced*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / genetics
  • Acute Kidney Injury / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / toxicity
  • Cisplatin / toxicity*
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Down-Regulation / physiology
  • Gene Expression
  • Intestine, Small / drug effects*
  • Intestine, Small / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Organ Culture Techniques
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • Abcg2 protein, rat
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Cisplatin