Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection remains the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Oral antiviral drugs have been shown to significantly reduce the HCC risk in CHB patients, but it cannot completely eliminate the HCC occurrence. Therefore, accurate HCC risk assessment and standardized screening in CHB patients are essential for early diagnosis and improved prognosis. In recent years, medical researchers have established a variety of HCC risk prediction models for CHB patients, providing clinicians with a good assessment method. However, due to the differences in the baseline characteristics of each model when deriving and verifying the population, the applicable population and prediction effectiveness are still different, and it is difficult to achieve a "one-size-fits all" . To this end, this paper reviews the common HCC risk assessment model for CHB patients during antiviral therapy, and introduces the monitoring and screening strategies of domestic and foreign guidelines for high-risk HCC patients in order to help clinicians better manage such patients.
慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是我国肝细胞癌（HCC）发生的主要原因。口服抗病毒药物已被证实能够明显降低慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝硬化、HCC的发生风险，但并不能完全消除HCC的发生。因此，准确评估CHB患者HCC发生风险，开展规范化的HCC筛查，对于早期诊断HCC、改善患者预后至关重要。近年来，医学研究者们建立了多种针对CHB患者的HCC风险预测模型，为临床医生提供了很好的评估方法。但由于各个模型在推导、验证人群的基线特征存在差异，导致适用人群、预测效力仍有不同，并且难以做到"以一概全"。为此，本文针对抗病毒治疗下CHB患者常用HCC风险评估模型做一述评，并就国内外指南针对HCC高危患者的监测和筛查策略做一介绍，以便于临床医生对这类患者更好的开展管理。.
Keywords: Antiviral treatment; Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction models.