1 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, Shaker Heights, Ohio, USA.
2 Adult Specialty Care, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Spine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
4 Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals, St. John and Southwest General Medical Centers, University Hospitals Spine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
5 Department of Surgery, Metabolic and Bariatric Nutrition Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Joint Replacement and Preservation, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.