Questionnaire and tools: clinical powerful instrument in acromegaly diagnosis and management

Purpose: Acromegaly is a rare chronic disease characterized by systemic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Although achieving biochemical control has always been the primary goal of acromegaly therapy, recent evidence has shown that the traditional assessment does not adequately capture the complexity of symptoms and patients' perception. These findings result in the need to improve a fast decision-making process of the clinician, who should not only take into account biochemical-instrumental criteria, but also patients' symptoms. With the aim of supporting the clinician in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process several disease-specific tools have been developed. The aim of this review is to provide a description of the acromegaly-specific tools, presenting their main features, their application in daily practice, and their efficacy and utility.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline/PubMed, ISI-Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases was done.

Results: Specific instruments and questionnaires have recently been developed to assist clinicians in the assessment of acromegaly. These are either Patient-Reported Outcome tools, such as Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL) and Pain Assessment Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire (PASQ), or Clinician-Reported Outcome tools, such as ACROSCORE, SAGIT^® and Acromegaly Disease Activity Tool (ACRODAT^®). Such tools are extremely flexible and, therefore, have been widely adopted by endocrinologists and other professionals, so much so that they have also been included as recommendations in the 2018 international guidelines.

Conclusion: Questionnaires and tools are useful in the management of acromegaly patients. They help clinicians evaluate patients' symptoms and could assist in the evaluation of disease activity.