Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection

Affiliations

• ¹ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
• ² Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
• ³ Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
• ⁴ Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶ Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
• ⁷ Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ⁸ University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA.
• ⁹ Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹² Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹³ Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁴ Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ¹⁶ CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ¹⁸ Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ¹⁹ CAMRIS, Contractor for NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ²⁰ High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ²¹ Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ²² National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
• ²³ Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ²⁴ US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
• ²⁵ Microbiology Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
• ²⁶ Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany.
• ²⁷ Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
• ²⁹ Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
• ³⁰ Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
• ³¹ Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³² Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³³ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁴ The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁵ Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁷ Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ³⁸ Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
• ³⁹ Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁴⁰ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, MD, USA.
• ⁴¹ Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁴² Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁴³ Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁴⁴ The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
• ⁴⁵ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁴⁹ Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ⁵¹ Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁵² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
• ⁵³ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
• ⁵⁵ University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁵⁶ Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
• ⁵⁸ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ⁵⁹ Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel. [email protected].
• ⁶¹ Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [email protected].
• ⁶² Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶³ Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶⁴ Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶⁵ The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶⁶ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶⁷ Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. [email protected].
• ⁶⁸ Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. [email protected].