Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores

Maria J Redondo; Christopher R Gignoux; Dana Dabelea; William A Hagopian; Suna Onengut-Gumuscu; Richard A Oram; Stephen S Rich

doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00159-0

Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Aug;10(8):597-608. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00159-0. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Authors

Maria J Redondo¹, Christopher R Gignoux², Dana Dabelea³, William A Hagopian⁴, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu⁵, Richard A Oram⁶, Stephen S Rich⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Department of Medicine and Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
³ Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
⁴ Division of Diabetes Programs, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
⁶ Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; The Academic Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.

Abstract

Over 75 genetic loci within and outside of the HLA region influence type 1 diabetes risk. Genetic risk scores (GRS), which facilitate the integration of complex genetic information, have been developed in type 1 diabetes and incorporated into models and algorithms for classification, prognosis, and prediction of disease and response to preventive and therapeutic interventions. However, the development and validation of GRS across different ancestries is still emerging, as is knowledge on type 1 diabetes genetics in populations of diverse genetic ancestries. In this Review, we provide a summary of the current evidence on the evolutionary genetic variation in type 1 diabetes and the racial and ethnic differences in type 1 diabetes epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and preclinical course. We also discuss the influence of genetics on type 1 diabetes with differences across ancestries and the development and validation of GRS in various populations.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / genetics
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Risk Factors

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

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