Review of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (ML/AI) for the Pediatric Neurologist

Grace Y Gombolay; Nakul Gopalan; Andrea Bernasconi; Rima Nabbout; Jonathan T Megerian; Benjamin Siegel; Jamika Hallman-Cooper; Sonam Bhalla; Matthew C Gombolay

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.004

Review of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (ML/AI) for the Pediatric Neurologist

Pediatr Neurol. 2023 Apr:141:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.004. Epub 2023 Jan 13.

Authors

Grace Y Gombolay¹, Nakul Gopalan², Andrea Bernasconi³, Rima Nabbout⁴, Jonathan T Megerian⁵, Benjamin Siegel⁶, Jamika Hallman-Cooper⁶, Sonam Bhalla⁶, Matthew C Gombolay²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Georgia; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta Georgia. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Georgia Institute of Technology, Interactive Computing, Atlanta, Georgia.
³ Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, UK.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies and Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Imagine Institute UMR1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, CHOC Children's, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Orange, California.
⁶ Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Georgia; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta Georgia.

PMID: 36773406
PMCID: PMC10040433
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.004

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and a popular branch of AI known as machine learning (ML) are increasingly being utilized in medicine and to inform medical research. This review provides an overview of AI and ML (AI/ML), including definitions of common terms. We discuss the history of AI and provide instances of how AI/ML can be applied to pediatric neurology. Examples include imaging in neuro-oncology, autism diagnosis, diagnosis from charts, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and neonatal neurology. Topics such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning are discussed.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Pediatric neurology; Supervised learning; Unsupervised learning.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence*
Child
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Maschinelles Lernen
Neurologists*

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding