Smoking is Not Associated with Lung Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancer Invest. 2023 May;41(5):487-490. doi: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2203747. Epub 2023 May 23.

Abstract

Smoking is a risk factor for pulmonary metastasis in various malignancies. We investigated this association for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a retrospective 1:2 case-control study of consecutive patients who underwent PDAC resection (2011-2021). Cases ultimately developed lung metastases and controls did not. Of 744 patients we identified 53 cases and 106 matched controls. Twenty-five (47%) cases and 50 (47%) matched controls had a history of smoking (p = 1.0). This indicates that smoking is not associated with increased risk of pulmonary metastasis in resectable PDAC. Further research is needed to elucidate tumor and parenchymal factors influencing metastatic site.

Keywords: Metastasis; Pancreatic cancer; Tobacco use; carcinogen exposure; epidemiology.

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal* / pathology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Smoking / adverse effects