Reactive surveillance and response strategies for malaria elimination in Myanmar: a literature review

Myanmar, a country in Greater Mekong Sub-region, aims to eliminate malaria by 2030. To achieve malaria elimination, Myanmar adopted a reactive surveillance and response strategy of malaria case notification within 1 day and case investigation, foci investigation and response activities within 7 days. A literature review was conducted to gain a better understanding of how the reactive surveillance and response strategies are being implemented in Myanmar including enablers and barriers to their implementation. Only two assessments of the completeness and timeliness of reactive surveillance and response strategy in Myanmar have been published to date. The proportion of positive cases notified within one day was 27.9% and the proportion of positive cases investigated within 7 days as recommended by the national guidelines varied from 32.5 to 91.8% under different settings in reported studies. Strong collaboration between the National Malaria Control Programme and implementing partners, and adequate human resource and financial support contributed to a successful and timely implementation of reactive surveillance and response strategy. Documented enablers for successful implementation of reactive surveillance and response strategy included frontline health workers having good knowledge of reactive surveillance and response activities and availability of Basic Health Staff for timely implementation of foci response activities. Barriers for implementation of reactive surveillance and response activities were also identified, including shortage of human resources especially in hard-to-reach settings, limited mobile phone network services and internet coverage leading to delays in timely notification of malaria cases, lengthy and complex case investigation forms and different reporting systems between Basic Health Staff and volunteers.