Malnutrition risk prevalence in hospitalised patients in Castilla-La Mancha: Ten years after the PREDyCES® study

Introduction: The PREDyCES^R study showed ten years ago that malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem at the hospital level. In the present study we investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals of Castilla La Mancha and its relationship with complications, mortality and length of hospital stay.

Methods: 433 patients (236 men and 197 women), from 4 hospitals were included and randomised within the first 48 h of admission. Nutritional risk was assessed using the NRS-2002 screening test.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.3 ± 0.9 years (alpha-trimmed mean ± insorized standard deviation). Their mean weight was 72.3 ± 0.8 kg and BMI 26.8 ± 0.3 kg/m². The mean length of hospital stay was 7.2 ± 0.3 days. Of the 433 study patients, 19.4% were defined as 'at-risk' by NRS-2002 > 3. Of the patients at risk, 39.3% received nutritional support. Patients at nutritional risk had an increased length of hospital stay (9.6 vs 6.8 days; p = 0.012) and had more complications and/or higher mortality (40.5% of complications and/or mortality vs 16.4%; p < 0.005). The OR of having a complication and/or death was 3.93 (95% CI: 2.36-6.5); p < 0.005. Regarding the results obtained in the PREDyCES® study, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of nutritional risk at patients' admission (19.4% vs 23%; p = 0.12).

Conclusions: The nutritional risk at hospital admission continues to be high. Patients at nutritional risk have more complications, higher mortality and an increased length of hospital stay.