Target-based discovery of a broad-spectrum flukicide

Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2024 Sep;31(9):1386-1393. doi: 10.1038/s41594-024-01298-3. Epub 2024 May 7.

Abstract

Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms impart a considerable healthcare burden worldwide. Many of these diseases-for example, the parasitic blood fluke infection schistosomiasis-are treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ is ineffective against disease caused by liver flukes from the genus Fasciola because of a single amino acid change within the target of PZQ, a transient receptor potential ion channel in the melastatin family (TRPMPZQ), in Fasciola species. Here, we identify benzamidoquinazolinone analogs that are active against Fasciola TRPMPZQ. Structure-activity studies define an optimized ligand (BZQ) that caused protracted paralysis and tegumental damage to these liver flukes. BZQ also retained activity against Schistosoma mansoni comparable to PZQ and was active against TRPMPZQ orthologs in all profiled species of parasitic fluke. This broad-spectrum activity manifests as BZQ adopts a pose within the binding pocket of TRPMPZQ that is dependent on a ubiquitously conserved residue. BZQ therefore acts as a universal activator of trematode TRPMPZQ and a first-in-class, broad-spectrum flukicide.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / chemistry
  • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Helminth Proteins / chemistry
  • Helminth Proteins / genetics
  • Helminth Proteins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Praziquantel / chemistry
  • Praziquantel / pharmacology
  • Schistosoma mansoni* / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anthelmintics
  • Helminth Proteins
  • Praziquantel