Cytomegalovirus drives Vδ1+ γδ T cell expansion and clonality in common variable immunodeficiency

Nat Commun. 2024 May 20;15(1):4286. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48527-3.

Abstract

The function and phenotype of γδ T cells in the context of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has not been explored. CVID is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by impaired antibody responses resulting in increased susceptibility to infections. γδ T cells are a subset of unconventional T cells that play crucial roles in host defence against infections. In this study, we aim to determine the roles and functions of γδ T cells in CVID. We observe a higher frequency of Vδ1+ γδ T cells compared to healthy controls, particularly in older patients. We also find a higher proportion of effector-memory Vδ1+ γδ T cells and a more clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in CVID. The most significant driver of the Vδ1+ γδ T cell expansion and phenotype in CVID patients is persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia. These findings provide valuable insights into γδ T cell biology and their contribution to immune defence in CVID.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency* / immunology
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency* / virology
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / immunology
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / virology
  • Cytomegalovirus* / immunology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta* / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta* / metabolism
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
  • Viremia / immunology
  • Young Adult