Prefrontal activity and heart rate variability during cognitive tasks may show different changes in young and older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment

Pei-Hsin Ku; Yea-Ru Yang; Nai-Chen Yeh; Pei-Yun Li; Chia-Feng Lu; Ray-Yau Wang

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1392304

Prefrontal activity and heart rate variability during cognitive tasks may show different changes in young and older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment

Front Aging Neurosci. 2024 May 28:16:1392304. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1392304. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Pei-Hsin Ku¹, Yea-Ru Yang¹, Nai-Chen Yeh¹, Pei-Yun Li¹, Chia-Feng Lu², Ray-Yau Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Abstract

Background: Age-related decline in cognitive function is often linked to changed prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and heart rate variability (HRV). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, might have further degeneration beyond aging. This study aimed to investigate the differences between young and older adults with or without MCI in cognitive functions, task-induced PFC activation and HRV changes.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy young adults (YA), 44 older adults (OA), and 28 older adults with MCI (OA-MCI) were enrolled and compared in this cross-sectional study. Each participant received a one-time assessment including cognitive and executive functions, as well as the simultaneous recording of PFC activity and HRV during a cognitive task paradigm.

Results: We observed age-related decrease in global cognitive functions, executive functions, HRV, and increase in PFC activity. The MCI further deteriorated the global cognitive and executive performances, but not the HRV or the prefrontal activation.

Conclusion: Older people showed lower performances in general cognitive function and executive function, compensatory increase of PFC activity, and reduced HRV. Older people with MCI had further deterioration in cognitive performance, but not in PFC activation and HRV.

Keywords: aging; cognitive function; executive function; heart rate variability; mild cognitive impairment; prefrontal cortex.

Grants and funding

The authors declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX112-10913PI), Taiwan. The funding organization had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and the decision to submit the article for publication.