Incentives and individualized coaching improve completion rates of supervised exercise therapy for claudication

Objective: Supervised exercise therapy (SET) provides clinical benefit for patients suffering from intermittent claudication and has been widely recommended as first-line therapy before endovascular or surgical intervention. However, published rates of SET program completion range from 5% to 55%, with historic completion of 54% at our own institution. As such, we sought to identify if targeted patient-supportive interventions improve SET completion rates while still maintaining efficacious SET programming.

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with intermittent claudication, as defined by ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9 without rest pain, were offered enrollment in a prospective quality improvement protocol for our 12-week SET for peripheral artery disease program. Program completion was defined as ≥24 of 36 offered sessions over 12 weeks. A three-pronged approach was utilized to improve completion during the study, including financial incentives up to $180, scheduled coaching with our advanced practitioner staff, and informational materials on the importance of SET programming and lifestyle modification. Patient-reported improvements in walking symptoms were tracked via regularly administered questionnaires. Functional measures of SET programming including total walking duration and distance, metabolic equivalent of task, and ABIs; vascular intervention within 12-months after enrollment was also collected and compared using univariate paired analysis.

Results: In total, seventy-three patients were enrolled in SET for peripheral artery disease programming over the study period. Utilizing our three-pronged coaching approach, 56 patients completed SET programming, increasing our SET completion rate to 76.7% over a 2-year study period. Compared with pre-SET baseline, patients who completed SET noted less pain, aching, cramps in calves when walking (P = .004), and less difficulty walking 1 block (P = .038). Additionally, patients significantly increased their metabolic equivalent of task (3.1 vs 2.6; P < .001), total walking duration (30 mins vs 13.5 mins; P < .001), and total walking distance (0.7 vs 0.3 miles; P < .001) from their pre-SET baseline. There were no changes in participant ABIs from enrollment to completion in participants. Patients who completed SET programming also delayed vascular intervention compared with those who did not complete SET or declined participation (213.5 vs 122.5 days from enrollment; P = .041).

Conclusions: Targeted incentives, including cost-coverage vouchers and personalized coaching with instructional materials, successfully improved patient completion of a prescribed SET program. Patients who completed SET programming reported subjective improvement in walking symptoms and objective walking benefits. In addition, these patients had delayed time to vascular intervention, supporting current vascular guidelines advocating for effective SET therapy prior to offering vascular intervention for intermittent claudication.