One-Pot Effective Approach to 2,5-Diformylfuran From Carbohydrates Using MoS₂-Decorated Carbonaceous Sugarcane Bagasse

Exploring the transformation of carbohydrates into valuable chemicals offers a promising and eco-friendly method for utilizing renewable biomass resources. Developing a bi-functional, sustainable heterogeneous catalyst is of utmost importance to attain a high level of selectivity for the desired product, 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), in this direct conversion process. In this study, we developed a highly effective catalytic system to convert diverse carbohydrates into DFF. Our approach involved utilizing a MoS₂ catalyst supported by amorphous carbon derived from sulfonated sugarcane biomass. The MoS₂@SBG-SO₃H composite was successfully synthesized using a facile and highly efficient method. The transformation of fructose into DFF achieved a significant yield of 70 % for 5 h at 160 °C using a one-step and one-pot reaction through dehydration and oxidation with oxygen. The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into DFF using MoS₂@SBG-SO₃H was obtained at 94 % DFF within 5 h; the activation energy was 38.3 kJ . mol^-1. The catalyst displayed convenient recovery and reusability. The direct synthesis of DFF from various carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, maltose, and lactose, resulted in favorable yields. Our research provides a quick, green, and efficient process for preparing carbon-based solid acid catalysts and DFF.