A positively charged residue at the Kv1.1 T1 interface is critical for voltage-dependent activation and gating kinetics

Within the tetramerization domain (T1) of most voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are highly conserved charged residues that line the T1-T1 interface. We investigated the Kv1.1 residue R86 located at the narrowest region of the T1 interface. A Kv1.1 R86Q mutation was reported in a child diagnosed with lower limb dyskinesia (Set KK, Ghosh D, Huq AHM, Luat AF. Mov Disord Clin Pract 4: 784-786, 2017). The child did not present with episodic ataxia 1 (EA1) symptoms typically associated with Kv1.1 loss-of-function mutations. We characterized the electrophysiological outcome of the R86Q substitution by expressing Kv1.1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mutated α-subunits were able to form functional channels that pass delayed rectifier currents. Oocytes that expressed only mutated α-subunits produced a significant reduction in Kv1.1 current and showed a positive shift in voltage dependence of activation. In addition, there was substantially slower activation and faster deactivation implying a reduction in the time the channel is in its open state. Oocytes co-injected with both mutated and wild-type cRNA in equal amounts, to mimic the heterozygous condition of the disease, showed a decrease in current amplitude at -10 mV, a positive shift in activation voltage-dependence and faster deactivation kinetics when compared with the wild-type channel. These findings indicate that T1 plays a role in Kv1.1's voltage-dependent activation and in its kinetics of activation and deactivation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first Kv1.1 study to characterize the electrophysiological and structural phenotype of a tetramerization (T1) domain mutation. Surprisingly, the mutated α-subunits were able to tetramerize, albeit with different gating kinetics and voltage dependence. This novel finding points to a clear role of T1 in the channel's voltage dependence and gating. Mimicking the heterozygous condition resulted in milder alterations in channel function when compared with previously reported mutations. This is in agreement with the child's milder symptoms.