Sauna bathing in northern Sweden: results from the MONICA study 2022

Int J Circumpolar Health. 2024 Dec;83(1):2419698. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2419698. Epub 2024 Oct 24.

Abstract

Frequent sauna bathing has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and proposed as a mediator for improved health. Therefore, the aim was to describe and compare sauna bathers with non-sauna bathers in northern Sweden based on their demographics, health and life attitudes, and to describe sauna bathers' sauna habits. Questions on sauna bathing habits were included in the questionnaire for the participants in the Northern Sweden MONICA (multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) study, conducted during spring of 2022, inviting adults 25-74 years living in the two northernmost counties of Sweden (Norr- and Västerbotten), randomly selected from the population register. Of the 1180 participants in MONICA 2022, 971 (82%) answered the question about sauna bathing. Of these, 641 (66%) were defined as sauna bathers. Sauna bathers reported less hypertension diagnosis and self-reported pain. They also reported higher levels of happiness and energy, more satisfying sleep patterns, as well as better general and mental health. Sauna bathers were younger, more often men and found to have a healthier life-profile compared to non-sauna bathers. Additionally, the results suggest that the positive effects associated with sauna bathing plateaued from 1-4 times per month.

Keywords: Sauna; bathing; health; life-profile; northern Sweden.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Arctic Regions / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Mental Health
  • Middle Aged
  • Sleep
  • Steam Bath*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Sweden / epidemiology

Grants and funding

The 2022 MONICA survey was funded by the Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University (Research Infrastructure), the County Councils in Norrbotten and Västerbotten (Visare Norr and ALF), the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and the King Gustaf V and Queen Victoria´s Foundation of Freemasons. This study was supported by grants of Lulea University of Technology.