SPARC activates p38γ signaling to promote PFKFB3 protein stabilization and contributes to keloid fibroblast glycolysis

Background: Keloids are currently challenging to treat because they recur after resection which may affect patients' quality of life. At present, no universal consensus on treatment regimen has been established. Thus, finding new molecular mechanisms underlying keloid formation is imminent. This study aimed to explore the function of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) on keloids and its behind exact mechanisms.

Methods: The expression of SPARC, p38γ, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), α-SMA, and Ki67 in patients with keloid and bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrosis mice was assessed utilizing western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. After transfected with pcDNA-SPARC, si-SPARC-1#, si-SPARC-2#, and si-p38γ, and treated with glycolytic inhibitor (2-DG) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580), CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and western blot were utilized for assessing the proliferation, migration, and collagen production of keloid fibroblasts (KFs).

Results: SPARC, p38γ, and PFKFB3 were highly expressed in patients with keloid and BLM-induced fibrosis mice. SPARC promoted the proliferation, migration, and collagen production of KFs via inducing glycolysis. Moreover, SPARC could activate p38γ signaling to stabilize PFKFB3 protein expression in KFs. Next, we demonstrated that SPARC promoted the proliferation, migration, collagen production, and glycolysis of KFs via regulating p38γ signaling. In addition, in BLM-induced fibrosis mice, inhibition of p38γ and PFKFB3 relieved skin fibrosis.

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that SPARC could activate p38γ pathway to stabilize the expression of PFKFB3, and thus promote the glycolysis of KFs and the progression of keloid.