Cerebral biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems: A frontier strategy for immunotherapy

Hao Tian; Jiaxin Yao; Qi Ba; Yuanyuan Meng; Yanan Cui; Liangzhu Quan; Wei Gong; Yuli Wang; Yang Yang; Meiyan Yang; Chunsheng Gao

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.058

Cerebral biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems: A frontier strategy for immunotherapy

J Control Release. 2024 Nov 8:376:1039-1067. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.058. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hao Tian¹, Jiaxin Yao², Qi Ba¹, Yuanyuan Meng³, Yanan Cui², Liangzhu Quan⁴, Wei Gong², Yuli Wang², Yang Yang², Meiyan Yang⁵, Chunsheng Gao⁶

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 39505218
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.058

Abstract

Brain diseases are a significant threat to human health, especially in the elderly, and this problem is growing as the aging population increases. Efficient brain-targeted drug delivery has been the greatest challenge in treating brain disorders due to the unique immune environment of the brain, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, cerebral biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems (CBNDSs) have provided a promising strategy for brain targeting by mimicking natural biological materials. Herein, this review explores the latest understanding of the immune microenvironment of the brain, emphasizing the immune mechanisms of the occurrence and progression of brain disease. Several brain targeting systems are summarized, including cell-based, exosome-based, protein-based, and microbe-based CBNDSs, and their immunological mechanisms are highlighted. Moreover, given the rise of immunotherapy, the latest applications of CBNDSs in immunotherapy are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of CBNDSs and serves as a guideline for immunotherapy in treating brain diseases. In addition, it provides inspiration for the future of CBNDSs.

Keywords: Biomimetic; Blood–brain barrier; Brain target; Immune; Nano-drug delivery system.

Publication types

Review