Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy have revolutionized cancer treatment but can cause life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities through immune-related adverse events. Myocarditis is the most common and potentially fatal toxicity with immune checkpoint inhibitors. T-cell therapies can potentially lead to cytokine release syndrome. Diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis requires a multimodal approach, including biomarkers, imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy, while CRS is characterized by a clinical syndrome resembling distributive shock. Management involves discontinuing the offending therapy, immunosuppression with corticosteroids for ICI-myocarditis, and interleukin-6 antagonists for CRS. Collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists is crucial for early recognition and prompt treatment.
Keywords: CAR T-cell therapy; Cardiotoxicity; Cytokine release syndrome (CRS); Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Myocarditis; Pericarditis.
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