Construction of physical activity promoting indicators system for older adults with subjective cognitive decline using Delphi method

Background: For older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), physical activity is now recognized as an effective means to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, this population often exhibits lower levels of physical activity. This study aimed to establish physical activity promoting indicators system for older adults with SCD, providing comprehensive targets for interventions and promoting relevant policies.

Method: A modified Delphi technique was used to seek opinions from experts about what should be used and prioritised as indicators of promoting physical activity in older adults with SCD. Expert consultations were conducted from January to March 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Excel software. Descriptive statistics were used for expert demographics, while coefficients were calculated to assess expert authority (Cr), and coordination (Kendall's W). Weights for indicators were determined through the order diagram.

Results: Based on a literature review and the Wuli-Shili-Renli system framework, we initially identified 59 indicators, comprising primary (3 dimensions), secondary (11 items), and tertiary (45 items) indicators. Fifteen expert panelists were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 11 out of 18 completed round 1 (61.1% response rate), all 11 completed round 2 (100.0% response rate), and all 11 completed the third and final round (100.0% response rate). Ultimately, consensus was reached on 3 primary, 9 secondary, and 44 tertiary indicators. The order diagram determined weights for primary indicators as follows: foundational system (0.4242), operational system (0.2879), and personnel system (0.2879).

Conclusion: The system of 56 physical activity-promoting indicators constructed for older adults with SCD through the Delphi method provides theoretical support for policy formulation and allocation of funds to comprehensively promote physical activity behaviors among this population.