Evaluating the Vitamin D Deficiency-BPPV Link: Correlation or Causation?

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder characterized by vertigo episodes due to head position changes. Emerging research suggests a link between Vitamin D deficiency and BPPV, attributed to Vitamin D's role in calcium metabolism essential for inner ear function. This study investigates the relationship between Vitamin D levels and the incidence, severity, and recurrence of BPPV. This year-long prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center, enrolling 100 patients diagnosed with BPPV. Vitamin D levels were measured and classified as deficient, insufficient, or sufficient. Patients identified with Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) received supplementation at a dose of 2000 IU daily for six months. Participants were followed monthly for one year to monitor the incidence and severity of BPPV episodes, assessed using the Vertigo Symptom Scale, and recurrence rates. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the Vitamin D-BPPV relationship. The study revealed that patients with Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) had a 71% incidence of BPPV, compared to 20% in those with sufficient levels. The average severity score was higher in the deficient group (7.5) versus the sufficient group (3.5). Vitamin D supplementation correlated with reduced BPPV incidence and severity over time. The findings indicate a significant link between Vitamin D deficiency and increased BPPV incidence and severity, highlighting Vitamin D's role in vestibular health. These results suggest that Vitamin D supplementation could be integral to BPPV management. Further research, including controlled studies, is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and their clinical implications.