Two cases of unexpected post-partum death of women with acute leukemia are described. In the first case (1st pregnancy) the diagnosis (acute promyelocytic leukemia: M3) was performed one week before delivery and death occurred 3 days later, because of hemorrhagic and renal DIC complication. Since one month before hospitalization, laboratory exams indicated a serious hematological pathology and no further exams were carried out by the physicians, elements of professional fault were recognized in them, considering that because of the diagnostic omission it was impossible to make an early diagnosis and thus perform to specific therapy, adopted only in the terminal phase. This specific therapy is able to determine remission from most cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In the second case (2nd pregnancy) the diagnosis (acute myelomonocytic leukemia: M4) was performed only postmortem because, during the whole pregnancy, no signs of disease were evident. After a few hours from the spontaneous delivery, death occurred as a result of an intractable + hemorrhagic syndrome caused by primary hyperfibrinolysis and repeated episodes of cardiac arrest, without possibility of recognizing it. The medical procedures for this case, both throughout pregnancy and terminal phases, appeared free of censure.