Purpose: Laparoscopic nephrectomy has become widely performed because of its minimally invasive nature. We have performed laparoscopic nephrectomies for non-functioning kidneys and laparoscopy-assisted radical nephrectomies for renal carcinomas. Recently, we have successfully performed laparoscopy-assisted transperitoneal living related donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation. To determine the efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted live donor nephrectomy, we investigated the clinical results of 2 patients operated upon with this new operation.
Patients: Case 1 was a 64-year-old healthy male and the left kidney was removed for his son who had a history of 4 months hemodialysis. Case 2 was 67-year-old healthy female who decided to donate her left kidney for her son with the history of 3 years and 2 months hemodialysis.
Methods: An upper abdominal midline incision of approximately 10 cm in length was made. Two retractors were attached to either side of the midline incision. The abdominal wall was raised by suspending these retractors from a special hanger. Then three trocars were introduced. The Gerota's fascia was incised and the kidney was suspended by grasping the perirenal fatty tissues. The renal artery and vein were carefully isolated without any manipulations of the kidney (non-touch method). After the transection of the ureter, the renal artery was ligated with a free tie of 1-0 silk and a suture ligature of 3-0 silk and the renal vain was clamped with a Satinski forceps. Immediately after the transection of the renal pedicle, the kidney was irrigated and transplanted to the right iliac fossa of the recipient in the usual fashion. A pen-rose drain was placed in the retroperitoneal space and the posterior peritoneal membrane was completely closed with 3-0 silk interrupted sutures.
Results: The mean operating time was 298 minutes and the mean blood loss was minimal. The average time of warm ischemia and cold ischemia of the graft were 4.5 minute and 37 minutes, respectively. There were no complications during either the operation or the postoperative period in both patients. The donors began oral intake and ambulation within 48 hours and resumed their normal daily activities by postoperative day 6.5 on average. Postoperative recovery of the patients were far faster than that of the patients receiving open donor nephrectomy. The graft functions were also excellent. The serum creatinine concentration of the recipients fell down to 0.82 mg/dl and 1.02 mg/dl at the third postoperative day.
Conclusion: Laparoscopy-assisted live donor nephrectomy might be advantageous for kidney transplantation because of its minimally invasive procedure.