Two cases of fatal strongyloidiasis associated with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition are reported. The patients presented with repeated vomiting and upper gastrointestinal bleeding respectively. Unusual findings in these two patients included: unexplained peripheral leukocytosis, pulmonary infiltrates, gastric aspirate leukocytosis, progression of gastrointestinal symptoms and concurrent presence of adult worms, eggs, filariform and rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis in alimentary canal specimens. Both patients succumbed while receiving treatment with mebendazole. The present report illustrates that unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms with extensive scratch marks below the umbilicus can be important clues to early diagnosis of the disease. In addition, the various presentations of S. stercoralis infestation are discussed with reference to predisposing factors. Current trends in laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic considerations are also delineated.