Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hyperkalemia and recurrent hyperkalemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients, and identify the related factors. Methods: The general information and clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to December 2020 were collected. According to the level of serum potassium, the patients were divided into normokalemia group and hyperkalemia group. Patients in the hyperkalemia group were further divided into single hyperkalemia group and recurrent hyperkalemia group according to the number of occurrences of hyperkalemia. Then, the prevalence of different serum potassium abnormalities and the related factors were explored. Results: Among the 352 patients included in the final analysis, 129 cases (36.6%) were in the normokalemia group [mean age: (62±15) years, 99 males] and 223 cases (63.4%) were in the hyperkalemia group [mean age: (60±14) years, 153 males]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, compared with the normokalemia group, night-time dialysis (OR=4.012, 95%CI: 1.519-10.601, P=0.005), concurrent diabetes (OR=1.947, 95%CI: 1.148-3.304, P=0.013) and the number of serum potassium tested before hemodialysis (OR=1.561, 95%CI:1.292-1.885, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for hyperkalemia. Among 223 patients with hyperkalemia, 78 cases (35.0%) were in single hyperkalemia group and 145 cases (65.0%) were in recurrent hyperkalemia group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, serum calcium (OR=21.885, 95%CI: 3.740-128.077, P=0.001), peak value of serum potassium before hemodialysis (OR=63.157, 95%CI: 25.265-157.876, P<0.001) and the number of serum potassium tested before hemodialysis (OR=1.814, 95%CI: 1.378-2.388, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for the recurrence of hyperkalemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperkalemia is high in maintenance hemodialysis patients, especially in those with diabetes or night-time dialysis. It is necessary to monitor serum potassium regularly. In addition, high serum calcium and peak value of serum potassium before hemodialysis are related factors for recurrent hyperkalemia.
目的： 调查维持性血液透析患者高钾血症和反复高钾血症的发生率，并分析相关因素。 方法： 回顾性收集2020年1至12月于南京医科大学第一附属医院血液净化中心进行维持性血液透析患者的临床资料。根据血钾水平分为血钾正常组和高钾血症组，高钾血症组根据发生高钾的次数分为单次高钾血症组和反复高钾血症组，评估不同血钾异常的发生情况，分析其相关因素。 结果： 共纳入352例患者，血钾正常组129例（36.6%），男99例，年龄（62±15）岁；高钾血症组223例（63.4%），男153例，年龄（60±14）岁。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，与血钾正常组相比，三班透析（OR=4.012，95%CI：1.519~10.601，P=0.005）、合并糖尿病（OR=1.947，95%CI：1.148~3.304，P=0.013）、透前血钾检验次数（OR=1.561，95%CI：1.292~1.885，P<0.001）是高钾血症的独立相关因素。在223例高钾血症患者中，单次高钾血症组78例（35.0%），反复高钾血症组145例（65.0%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，与单次高钾血症组相比，血钙（OR=21.885，95%CI：3.740~128.077，P=0.001）、透前血钾峰值（OR=63.157，95%CI：25.265~157.876，P<0.001）、透前血钾检测次数（OR=1.814，95%CI：1.378~2.388，P<0.001）是高钾血症反复发作的独立相关因素。 结论： 维持性血液透析患者高钾血症发生率高，特别是合并糖尿病、三班透析者，需定期复查血钾。血钙和透前血钾峰值高是高钾血症反复发作的独立相关因素。.