Ардханари
Ардханаришвара (санскр. अर्धनारीश्वर, IAST: Ardhanārīśvara) — андрогенное индуистское божество, объединённая форма бога Шивы и его супруги Парвати (также известной под именами Деви, Шакти и Ума). Ардханаришвара изображается как наполовину мужчина — наполовину женщина. Как правило, правая сторона изображается как Шива, а левая — как Парвати.
Истоки божества Ардханаришвары следует искать в гермафродитных фигурах древнеиндийской и древнегреческой культур. The earliest Ardhanarishvara images are dated to the Kushan period, starting from the first century CE. Its iconography evolved and was perfected in the Gupta era. The Puranas and various iconographic treatises write about the mythology and iconography of Ardhanarishvara. While Ardhanarishvara remains a popular iconographic form found in most Shiva temples throughout India, very few temples are dedicated to this deity.
Ardhanarishvara represents the synthesis of masculine and feminine energies of the universe (Purusha and Prakriti) and illustrates how Shakti, the female principle of God, is inseparable from (or the same as, according to some interpretations) Shiva, the male principle of God. The union of these principles is exalted as the root of all creation. Another view is that Ardhanarishvara as a symbol of Shiva’s all-pervasive nature.
См. также
Литература
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- Goldberg, Ellen. The Lord who is half woman: Ardhanārīśvara in Indian and feminist perspective. — SUNY Press, 2002. — ISBN 0-7914-5325-1.
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- Srinivasan, Doris Meth. Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art. — BRILL, 1997.
- Swami Parmeshwaranand. Ardhanārīśvara // Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism. — Sarup & Sons, 2004. — Vol. 1. — ISBN 81-7625-427-4.
- Yadav, Neeta. Ardhanārīśvara in art and literature. — D.K. Printworld, 2000. — ISBN 8124601690.