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|imagesize =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = View o the Roman brig [[Ponte Vella]], in Ourense that traverses the [[Minho River|Miño]] river
|image_caption = View o the Roman brig [[Ponte Vella]], in Ourense that traverses the [[Minho River|Miño]] river
|image_flag = Provincia de Ourense - Bandera.svg
|image_flag = Bandera de Ourense.svg
|flag_size = 150px
|flag_size = 150px
|image_seal =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|seal_size =
|image_shield = Provincia de Ourense - Escudo.svg
|image_shield = Escudo de Orense.svg
|shield_size = 90px
|shield_size = 90px
|image_blank_emblem =
|image_blank_emblem =
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|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
|coordinates_region = ES
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_name = [[Spain]]
|subdivision_name = [[Spain]]
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|elevation_ft =
|elevation_ft =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of = 2014
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|population_footnotes = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|population_note =
|population_note =
|population_total = 106,905
|population_total = 104,596
|population_metro =
|population_metro =
|population_est =
|population_est =
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|timezone1_DST = CEST (GMT +2)
|timezone1_DST = CEST (GMT +2)
|utc_offset1_DST =
|utc_offset1_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|42|20|11|N|7|51|48|W|region:ES|display=inline}}
|latd= 42|latm= 20|lats= 11|latNS= N
|longd= 7|longm= 51|longs= 48|longEW= W
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = Postcode
|postal_code_type = Postcode
|postal_code = 32001 - 32005
|postal_code = 32001 - 32005
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}}
}}


'''Ourense''' ({{IPA-es|ouˈrense}}; {{IPA-gl|owˈɾɛnse}}) is a ceety in northwastren [[Spain]], the caipital o the [[Province o Ourense|province]] o the same name in [[Galicie (Spain)|Galicie]].
'''Ourense''' {{IPA-gl|owˈɾɛnse}}) ; ({{IPA-es|ouˈrense}} is a ceety in northwastren [[Spain]], the caipital o the [[Province o Ourense|province]] o the same name in [[Galicie (Spain)|Galicie]].

==Population==
Its population o 104,596 (2020) accoonts for 30% o the population o the province an maks it the third lairgest ceety o Galicie.

In 2010 thare wur 5,943 foreigners livin in the ceety, representin 5.46% o the tot population. The main naitionalities are [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] (18%), [[Colombie fowk|Colombies]] (12%) an [[Brazilians]] (11%).<ref>http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp?OP=1&B=1&M=&COD=966&R=9915[12:32054];0[10];1[all]&C=2[0]&F=&S={{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Bi leid, accordin tae 2008 data, 19% o the population speak aye in [[Galicie leid|Galicie]], 25% speak aye in [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an the rest uise baith interchyngeably.<ref>http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp?OP=1&B=1&M=&COD=3015&R=2[4]&C=1[0];0[all]&F=&S=</ref>

==History==
The oreegin o the toun can be tracit tae the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] an the presence o het springs cried the Burgas. Thir can still be seen the day. Thare wis the need tae fortifee the place an aw tae pertect ane o the easiest weys tae cross the Miño River. Efter the Romans, Ourense wis pairt o the [[Suevi|Suebi (Suevi) kinrick]] durin maist o the 5t, 6t an 7t hunderyears an wis malafosutert bi the [[Moors]] in 716. It wis later rebuilt bi [[Alfonso III o Asturias]] aboot 877. The Norse invasions as weel as attacks frae the Arab warlaird [[Almanzor|Al-Mansur]] ance mair laid the ceety tae waste. It wis anerly unner [[Sancho II o Castile|Sancho II]] an his sister [[Doña Elvira]] that the ceety wis resettled in 11t hunderyear. The definitive urban impulse didna arrive till the 12t hunderyear whan Ourense became a important centre o services. Recently, the ceety haes made mony efforts tae provide new pairks, brigs, foontains an geothermal springs installations tae mak the ceety mair attractive.

==Geografie an geothermal springs==
The auncient ceety o Auria is locatit on baith banks o the [[Minho River|Minho]] (Miño) River in the sooth-central pairt o Galicie, at a elevation o 128 m abuin sea level.

Fower rivers cross the toun: Miño (the main river), [[Barbaña]], [[Loña]] an [[Barbañica]]. The biggest river divides a rather industrial wastren suburb, whilk conteens the railwey station, frae the main toun. Three heich-gate an ane railwey brig cross the river in addeetion tae the famous Roman brig, [[Ponte Vella]], which is nou closed tae vehicle traffec. The toun is surroondit bi forests, mainly [[aik]] an [[pine]].

Ane o the main tourist attractions is relatit tae [[het springs]], as Ourense hauds ane o the greatest amoont o geothermal watter in Europe. Thare several places cried pozas, wi or athoot entrance fee, whaur a body can hae a bath ootdoors. Ane o thaim is locatit inside the auld toun, relatin tae the auncient Roman tradeetion, as ruins o a Roman bath wur discovered an are nou open tae visitors. Thare mair het springs locatit alang the river Miño: A Chavasqueira, Manantial-bouvette dae Tinteiro, Burga dae Muíño, Burgas de Outariz, whilk affer baths at different temperatures, rangin frae 36 - 60 degrees Celsius.

==Climate==
The ceety haes a microclimate that brings abundant rainfaw an allous for verdant vegetation on the nearhaun braes. Winters is saft wi laws rarely fawin belaw zero degrees Celsius. Acause o the location in the river glen simmers can be quite het. Mony local faimilies haes apairtments on the coast ([[Vigo]] is anerly a oor awa bi caur) whaur thay can enjoy the ocean in Julie an August.

{{Weather box
|location = Ourense
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 22
|Feb record high C = 25
|Mar record high C = 30.6
|Apr record high C = 32.9
|May record high C = 37.4
|Jun record high C = 40.9
|Jul record high C = 42.6
|Aug record high C = 42.2
|Sep record high C = 41.1
|Oct record high C = 34.3
|Nov record high C = 25
|Dec record high C = 22.4
|year record high C = 42.6
|Jan high C = 12.1
|Feb high C = 14.7
|Mar high C = 18.1
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 22.3
|Jun high C = 26.7
|Jul high C = 29.7
|Aug high C = 29.9
|Sep high C = 26.6
|Oct high C = 20.9
|Nov high C = 15.5
|Dec high C = 12.7
|year high C = 20.6
|Jan mean C = 7.5
|Feb mean C = 9.2
|Mar mean C = 11.4
|Apr mean C = 12.7
|May mean C = 15.7
|Jun mean C = 19.4
|Jul mean C = 22.1
|Aug mean C = 22.0
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 15.1
|Nov mean C = 10.8
|Dec mean C = 8.5
|year mean C = 14.5
|Jan low C = 2.9
|Feb low C = 3.7
|Mar low C = 4.6
|Apr low C = 6.3
|May low C = 9.2
|Jun low C = 12.2
|Jul low C = 14.6
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 12.3
|Oct low C = 9.3
|Nov low C = 6.1
|Dec low C = 4.4
|year low C = 4.7
|Jan record low C = -7
|Feb record low C = -8
|Mar record low C = -6.8
|Apr record low C = -3.2
|May record low C = -0.4
|Jun record low C = 2.4
|Jul record low C = 6.4
|Aug record low C = 1.5
|Sep record low C = 3
|Oct record low C = -3
|Nov record low C = -6.8
|Dec record low C = -8
|year record low C = -8
|Jan precipitation mm = 90
|Feb precipitation mm = 81
|Mar precipitation mm = 54
|Apr precipitation mm = 70
|May precipitation mm = 67
|Jun precipitation mm = 39
|Jul precipitation mm = 19
|Aug precipitation mm = 23
|Sep precipitation mm = 57
|Oct precipitation mm = 97
|Nov precipitation mm = 93
|Dec precipitation mm = 124
|year precipitation mm = 817
|Jan precipitation days = 10
|Feb precipitation days = 10
|Mar precipitation days = 8
|Apr precipitation days = 11
|May precipitation days = 10
|Jun precipitation days = 5
|Jul precipitation days = 3
|Aug precipitation days = 3
|Sep precipitation days = 6
|Oct precipitation days = 10
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Dec precipitation days = 11
|year precipitation days = 97
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan sun = 87
|Feb sun = 105
|Mar sun = 167
|Apr sun = 180
|May sun = 199
|Jun sun = 239
|Jul sun = 272
|Aug sun = 270
|Sep sun = 201
|Oct sun = 138
|Nov sun = 90
|Dec sun = 70
|year sun = 2043
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref name= AEMet >{{cite web
| url = http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1690A&k=gal
| title = Valores Climatológicos Normales. Ourense
| accessdate = 2012-07-17
| publisher = AEMet
| language = Spanish}}</ref>
|date=July 2012}}

==Economy==
The economy in the ceety o Ourense is markit bi a predominance o service sector, the ceety haes the lairgest shoppin an leisur in the province, an admeenistrative services ([[Xunta]] delegation, central an provincial govrenment offices), eddicational (campus o the [[Varsity o Vigo]]) an halth (Ourense Hospital Complex) o reference. Construction industry is important an aw (Copasa, ane o the biggest Galician construction companies, haes its heidquairters in the ceety).

The industrial aurie o [[San Cibrao das Viñas]] haes mony licht industries includin several important clothin factories, lik [[Adolfo Dominguez]] an {{Ill|gl|Roberto Verino}}, as well as automotive suppleer industries.

[[Tecnopole]], Technology Pairk o Galicie, situatit in the ootskirts o the ceety, is a 550.000 square metre aurie wi advancit services for companies wi a technological basis an heich innovatin profile. The follaein centres dae thair business wirk frae the Tecnopole: the firth technological centres (CIS-Madeira), the meat technological centre (Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne), the metallurgy centre (Aimen) an the Coren Incubation Centre (CTI), the Research, Transfer an Innovation Centre (Centro de Innovación, Transferencia e Investigación or CITI) o the [[Varsity o Vigo]], an the Offeecial Laboratory o Meteorology o Galicie ( Laboratorio Oficial de Metereoloxía de Galicia or LOMG).

Ourense is a weel kent producer o European chestanes (''[[Castanea sativa]]'').

Coren, ane o the Spainyie agricultural sector's maist important companies, haes its heidquairters in Ourense. The maist read province newspaper is ''[[La Región]]''.

==Sichts==
[[File:Cabeceira da catedral de Ourense.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Ourense Cathedral]].]]
Awtho mainly a toun o services, Ourense isna athoot its tourist steids. The toun haes three pairts: the medieval, the aurie o 19t-hunderyear expansion, an the modren perimeter. Mony who pass bi on the heich-gate linkin Madrid tae Vigo are unaware o the medieval quarter, wi its narraestreets an smaw plazas. The Plaza Mayor is the centre o ceety life wi its arcadit shops an the Toun Haw.

The [[Ourense Cathedral|Cathedral]] is the maist important monument in Ourense. This cathedral (foondit 572; rebuilt in the 13t hunderyear) is the seicont auldest in [[Galicie (Spain)|Galicie]]. It occupees the same steid as the [[Suevi]]an basilica that stuid thare in earlier times. [[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] in structu, but wi a mixtur o Romanesque an Gothic styles, it is rather hidden awaybut, conteens a façade wi the Door o Paradise in imitation o the Door o Glory o the [[Cathedral o Santiago de Compostela]]. Inside, the Capilla del Cristo, or Christ's Chapel (16t hunderyear), conteens a crucifix veneratit throuoot Galicie.

The Miño is crossed at Ourense bi the [[Ponte Vella]] (Auld Brig). Wi Roman foondations, it wis reconstructit bi Bishop Lorenzo in 1230 but frequently repaired syne then; it haes seiven airches an a central span o 141 feet (43 m).<ref>{{Structurae|id=s0016503|title=Ponte Vella}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Ourense 30-07-2008 16 334 talgo.jpg|thumb|Ourense railwey station]]
The ceety is servit bi the [[Ourense Railwey Station]].

==Barallete==
[[Barallete]] wis the name o a [[argot]] employed bi the tradeetional knife-sharpeners an umbrella hauders (''afiadores e paragüeiros'') o Ourense. It wis based on the [[Galicie leid]] as spoken in Ourense, but its uisers substitutit ilkaday wirds wi inventit anes o nae lingueestic connection, makkin it impossible for ither fowk tae unnerstaund it.

==Images==
<gallery>
File:Praza Maior de Ourense.jpg|Main square
File:Orense - Parroquia Maria Auxiliadora (PP Salesianos) 01.jpg|María Auxiliadora Collegiate Kirk
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Ourense|Ourense}}
* [http://www.ourense.es/ Concello de Ourense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618055127/http://www.ourense.es/ |date=2007-06-18 }} (In Galicie)

{{Municipalities in Ourense}}
{{Caipitals o Provinces in Spain}}


[[Category:Ourense| ]]
[[Category:Ourense| ]]

Latest reveesion aes o 18:48, 26 September 2022

Ourense
View o the Roman brig Ponte Vella, in Ourense that traverses the Miño river
View o the Roman brig Ponte Vella, in Ourense that traverses the Miño river
Banner o Ourense
Banner
Coat of airms o Ourense
Coat airms
Ourense is located in Spain
Ourense
Ourense
Location o Ourense athin Spain
Coordinates: 42°20′11″N 7°51′48″W / 42.33639°N 7.86333°W / 42.33639; -7.86333
KintraSpanien
Autonomous commontyGalicie
ProvinceOurense
ComarcaOurense
Govrenment
 • TeepMayor-cooncil govrenment
 • BodiConcello de Ourense
 • MayorAgustín Fernández Gallego (Socialist Pairty o Galicie)
Area
 • Total85.2 km2 (32.9 sq mi)
Elevation
132 m (433 ft)
Population
 (2020)INE
 • Total104,596
Demonym(s)ourensano (m), ourensana (f)
ourensan (m), ourensana (f)
Time zoneCET (GMT +1)
 • Summer (DST)CEST (GMT +2)
Postcode
32001 - 32005
Area code(s)+34 988
ISO 3166-2ES-OU
Websitewww.ourense.es

Ourense Galician pronunciation: [owˈɾɛnse]) ; (Spaingie pronunciation: [ouˈrense] is a ceety in northwastren Spain, the caipital o the province o the same name in Galicie.

Population

[eedit | eedit soorce]

Its population o 104,596 (2020) accoonts for 30% o the population o the province an maks it the third lairgest ceety o Galicie.

In 2010 thare wur 5,943 foreigners livin in the ceety, representin 5.46% o the tot population. The main naitionalities are Portuguese (18%), Colombies (12%) an Brazilians (11%).[1]

Bi leid, accordin tae 2008 data, 19% o the population speak aye in Galicie, 25% speak aye in Spaingie an the rest uise baith interchyngeably.[2]

History

[eedit | eedit soorce]

The oreegin o the toun can be tracit tae the Romans an the presence o het springs cried the Burgas. Thir can still be seen the day. Thare wis the need tae fortifee the place an aw tae pertect ane o the easiest weys tae cross the Miño River. Efter the Romans, Ourense wis pairt o the Suebi (Suevi) kinrick durin maist o the 5t, 6t an 7t hunderyears an wis malafosutert bi the Moors in 716. It wis later rebuilt bi Alfonso III o Asturias aboot 877. The Norse invasions as weel as attacks frae the Arab warlaird Al-Mansur ance mair laid the ceety tae waste. It wis anerly unner Sancho II an his sister Doña Elvira that the ceety wis resettled in 11t hunderyear. The definitive urban impulse didna arrive till the 12t hunderyear whan Ourense became a important centre o services. Recently, the ceety haes made mony efforts tae provide new pairks, brigs, foontains an geothermal springs installations tae mak the ceety mair attractive.

Geografie an geothermal springs

[eedit | eedit soorce]

The auncient ceety o Auria is locatit on baith banks o the Minho (Miño) River in the sooth-central pairt o Galicie, at a elevation o 128 m abuin sea level.

Fower rivers cross the toun: Miño (the main river), Barbaña, Loña an Barbañica. The biggest river divides a rather industrial wastren suburb, whilk conteens the railwey station, frae the main toun. Three heich-gate an ane railwey brig cross the river in addeetion tae the famous Roman brig, Ponte Vella, which is nou closed tae vehicle traffec. The toun is surroondit bi forests, mainly aik an pine.

Ane o the main tourist attractions is relatit tae het springs, as Ourense hauds ane o the greatest amoont o geothermal watter in Europe. Thare several places cried pozas, wi or athoot entrance fee, whaur a body can hae a bath ootdoors. Ane o thaim is locatit inside the auld toun, relatin tae the auncient Roman tradeetion, as ruins o a Roman bath wur discovered an are nou open tae visitors. Thare mair het springs locatit alang the river Miño: A Chavasqueira, Manantial-bouvette dae Tinteiro, Burga dae Muíño, Burgas de Outariz, whilk affer baths at different temperatures, rangin frae 36 - 60 degrees Celsius.

Climate

[eedit | eedit soorce]

The ceety haes a microclimate that brings abundant rainfaw an allous for verdant vegetation on the nearhaun braes. Winters is saft wi laws rarely fawin belaw zero degrees Celsius. Acause o the location in the river glen simmers can be quite het. Mony local faimilies haes apairtments on the coast (Vigo is anerly a oor awa bi caur) whaur thay can enjoy the ocean in Julie an August.

Climate data for Ourense
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record heich °C (°F) 22
(72)
25
(77)
30.6
(87.1)
32.9
(91.2)
37.4
(99.3)
40.9
(105.6)
42.6
(108.7)
42.2
(108.0)
41.1
(106.0)
34.3
(93.7)
25
(77)
22.4
(72.3)
42.6
(108.7)
Average heich °C (°F) 12.1
(53.8)
14.7
(58.5)
18.1
(64.6)
19.0
(66.2)
22.3
(72.1)
26.7
(80.1)
29.7
(85.5)
29.9
(85.8)
26.6
(79.9)
20.9
(69.6)
15.5
(59.9)
12.7
(54.9)
20.6
(69.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
9.2
(48.6)
11.4
(52.5)
12.7
(54.9)
15.7
(60.3)
19.4
(66.9)
22.1
(71.8)
22.0
(71.6)
19.4
(66.9)
15.1
(59.2)
10.8
(51.4)
8.5
(47.3)
14.5
(58.1)
Average law °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2)
3.7
(38.7)
4.6
(40.3)
6.3
(43.3)
9.2
(48.6)
12.2
(54.0)
14.6
(58.3)
14.2
(57.6)
12.3
(54.1)
9.3
(48.7)
6.1
(43.0)
4.4
(39.9)
4.7
(40.5)
Record law °C (°F) −7
(19)
−8
(18)
−6.8
(19.8)
−3.2
(26.2)
−0.4
(31.3)
2.4
(36.3)
6.4
(43.5)
1.5
(34.7)
3
(37)
−3
(27)
−6.8
(19.8)
−8
(18)
−8
(18)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 90
(3.5)
81
(3.2)
54
(2.1)
70
(2.8)
67
(2.6)
39
(1.5)
19
(0.7)
23
(0.9)
57
(2.2)
97
(3.8)
93
(3.7)
124
(4.9)
817
(32.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 10 10 8 11 10 5 3 3 6 10 10 11 97
Mean monthly sunshine oors 87 105 167 180 199 239 272 270 201 138 90 70 2,043
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[3]

Economy

[eedit | eedit soorce]

The economy in the ceety o Ourense is markit bi a predominance o service sector, the ceety haes the lairgest shoppin an leisur in the province, an admeenistrative services (Xunta delegation, central an provincial govrenment offices), eddicational (campus o the Varsity o Vigo) an halth (Ourense Hospital Complex) o reference. Construction industry is important an aw (Copasa, ane o the biggest Galician construction companies, haes its heidquairters in the ceety).

The industrial aurie o San Cibrao das Viñas haes mony licht industries includin several important clothin factories, lik Adolfo Dominguez an gl [Roberto Verino], as well as automotive suppleer industries.

Tecnopole, Technology Pairk o Galicie, situatit in the ootskirts o the ceety, is a 550.000 square metre aurie wi advancit services for companies wi a technological basis an heich innovatin profile. The follaein centres dae thair business wirk frae the Tecnopole: the firth technological centres (CIS-Madeira), the meat technological centre (Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne), the metallurgy centre (Aimen) an the Coren Incubation Centre (CTI), the Research, Transfer an Innovation Centre (Centro de Innovación, Transferencia e Investigación or CITI) o the Varsity o Vigo, an the Offeecial Laboratory o Meteorology o Galicie ( Laboratorio Oficial de Metereoloxía de Galicia or LOMG).

Ourense is a weel kent producer o European chestanes (Castanea sativa).

Coren, ane o the Spainyie agricultural sector's maist important companies, haes its heidquairters in Ourense. The maist read province newspaper is La Región.

Ourense Cathedral.

Awtho mainly a toun o services, Ourense isna athoot its tourist steids. The toun haes three pairts: the medieval, the aurie o 19t-hunderyear expansion, an the modren perimeter. Mony who pass bi on the heich-gate linkin Madrid tae Vigo are unaware o the medieval quarter, wi its narraestreets an smaw plazas. The Plaza Mayor is the centre o ceety life wi its arcadit shops an the Toun Haw.

The Cathedral is the maist important monument in Ourense. This cathedral (foondit 572; rebuilt in the 13t hunderyear) is the seicont auldest in Galicie. It occupees the same steid as the Suevian basilica that stuid thare in earlier times. Romanesque in structu, but wi a mixtur o Romanesque an Gothic styles, it is rather hidden awaybut, conteens a façade wi the Door o Paradise in imitation o the Door o Glory o the Cathedral o Santiago de Compostela. Inside, the Capilla del Cristo, or Christ's Chapel (16t hunderyear), conteens a crucifix veneratit throuoot Galicie.

The Miño is crossed at Ourense bi the Ponte Vella (Auld Brig). Wi Roman foondations, it wis reconstructit bi Bishop Lorenzo in 1230 but frequently repaired syne then; it haes seiven airches an a central span o 141 feet (43 m).[4]

Transport

[eedit | eedit soorce]
Ourense railwey station

The ceety is servit bi the Ourense Railwey Station.

Barallete

[eedit | eedit soorce]

Barallete wis the name o a argot employed bi the tradeetional knife-sharpeners an umbrella hauders (afiadores e paragüeiros) o Ourense. It wis based on the Galicie leid as spoken in Ourense, but its uisers substitutit ilkaday wirds wi inventit anes o nae lingueestic connection, makkin it impossible for ither fowk tae unnerstaund it.

References

[eedit | eedit soorce]
  1. http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp?OP=1&B=1&M=&COD=966&R=9915[12:32054];0[10];1[all]&C=2[0]&F=&S=[deid airtin]
  2. http://www.ige.eu/igebdt/esqv.jsp?ruta=verTabla.jsp?OP=1&B=1&M=&COD=3015&R=2[4]&C=1[0];0[all]&F=&S=
  3. "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Ourense" (in Spanish). AEMet. Retrieved 17 Julie 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
  4. Ponte Vella at Structurae

Freemit airtins

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