Ang Diablo sa Filipinas: ayon sa nasasabi sa mga casulatan luma sa Kastila
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“From his landmark works on nationalism and Southeast Asia to his writings on the Philippines, Anderson has greatly enriched Philippine studies. With work erudite, wide-ranging, and energetically written, he has given to the Philippines visibility in the world of transnational scholarship. His recent essays in New Left Review and Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination—and now the present volume—are not only eye-opening but a joy to read. More than an incursion into scholarship, reading Anderson is an intellectual adventure.”
—Resil B. Mojares
Professor Emeritus, University of San Carlos
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Ang Diablo sa Filipinas - Benedict Anderson
"From his landmark works
on nationalism and Southeast Asia to his
writings on the Philippines, Anderson
has greatly enriched Philippine studies.
With work erudite, wide-ranging, and
energetically written, he has given to
the Philippines visibility in the world of
transnational scholarship.
His recent essays in New Left Review and
Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the
Anti-Colonial Imagination—and now the
present volume—are not only eye-opening
but a joy to read. More than an incursion
into scholarship, reading Anderson is an
intellectual adventure."
—Resil B. Mojares
Professor Emeritus, University of San Carlos
bgfTHE MURILLO VELARDE MAP OF 1734
Isabelo de los Reyes’s
Ang Diablo sa Filipinas
ayon sa nasasabi
sa mga casulatan luma
sa Kastila
Translated into English
with annotations
by
Benedict Anderson
Carlos Sardiña Galache
Ramon Guillermo
ANVILLOGOBLACK2Ang Diablo sa Filipinas
El Diablo en Filipinas
The Devil in the Philippines
Copyright to this digital edition © 2014 by
Benedict Anderson, Carlos Sardiña Galache,
Ramon Guillermo, and Anvil Publishing, Inc.
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form or by
any means without the written
approval of the copyright owners.
Published and exclusively distributed by
ANVIL PUBLISHING, INC.
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Cover design by Ramón C. Sunico
Interior design by Jo B. Pantorillo
Illustrations by Allan N. Derain
E-book formatting by Arvyn Cerézo
9789712731280 (e-book)
Version 2.0.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Frontispiece
The Murillo Velarde Map of 1734
Einführung
Chroniclers
The Murillo Map Detailed Views
Ang Diablo sa Filipinas
INTRODUCTION
The plays of Aristophanes, the great Athenian comic dramatist, probably born 450 years before Jesus, are still, 2,050 years later, regularly restaged. This is not to say that collective social laughter didn’t exist long before his time. But we recognize that laughter most decisively separates human beings from other animals, except hyenas.
I decided to translate El Diablo en Filipinas because it made me laugh (and each time I read it I still laugh.). So far as I know, Isabelo de los Reyes was the only member of the revolutionary generation who could cheerfully laugh at himself in print. Rizal was a master of sardonic wit, but his temperament ruled out laughing at himself. Their characters were almost exactly opposite: melancholy/cheerful, suspicious/trusting, unforgiving/forgiving, novelist/journalist, Manileño/ provinciano, Tagalog/ Ilocano, childless/ father of 24 kids, and so on.
Rizal’s mockery was usually meant to hurt, but Isabelo’s was to make fun. El Diablo en Filipinas was intended to mock chronicles, swamped with loony superstitions, written by missionary friars in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He never attacked the long-dead chroniclers as human beings, but quoted, deadpan, many bizarre or comic passages in the texts that they had scribbled. Meanwhile, with characteristic Tagalog arrogance, Rizal wrote that Isabelo’s Tagalog was far from perfect, but his victim never hit back by saying that Rizal didn’t know a single word of Ilocano and never went to Northern Luzon. Th e First Filipino criticized Isabelo as a shallow writer, unreliable with facts, ignorant, and self-promoting, while Isabelo oft en wrote about Rizal with pure admiration. Despite his weaknesses—which all of us have—one can’t avoid feeling that he was the nicest of the heroes of his time—let’s say, by comparison with Rizal, the Luna brothers, Del Pilar, Mabini, Ponce and others.
The second reason to translate Isabelo into English is that these days the number of Filipinos who have mastered Spanish (modern and medieval) is pretty small. An annotated English version could function as a good base for ‘academicized’ versions in contemporary Tagalog, Ilocano, and Visaya. Near the end of our work, Megan Th omas kindly told us that in 1889, two years after the publication of the text from which we have been working, the bilingual newspaper La España Oriental serialized El Diablo in four parts, each in both Spanish and Tagalog. Even more kindly she sent us scans of the four pieces. Th us we have included in our book the long-forgotten Tagalog translation completed when Isabelo was 25 years old.
***
Isabelo was born in Vigan in July 1864, three years after Rizal’s birth in Calamba. In 1880, aged 16, he went to study at San Juan de Letrán and later the University of Santo Tomás in Manila. When he was 19, he started working as a journalist for various newspapers, ‘specializing’ in writing about folklore in the Philippines, the first indio to do so. It will be recalled that the term Folklore was first coined in 1846 in the London journal called The Atheneum. The first scholarly Folklore Association in the world was founded in England in 1878, when Isabelo was 14 years old. Perhaps as a trendy teenager, he was thrilled by the novelty of this ‘science,’ and started with unbelievable energy what today we call ‘fieldwork’ in Ilocos Sur, Malabon, and Zambales. He began to correspond with European Folklorists in Germany, Spain, Portugal, England and so on. He was convinced that the Philippines had very rich resources for medicine, astronomy, legends, and beliefs which could be a major contribution to the rational world-science being born.
***
1887: In February, Rizal (25 years old) finished the manuscript of Noli Me Tangere. In May, Isabelo (23 years old) won a silver medal at the Madrid Exposition for his folkloric contributions. It is usually taken for granted that this silver medal was given for the huge book called El Folk-lore Filipino, but since this work was only published in two volumes in 1889-1890, and in Manila, it is more likely that Isabelo was rewarded for his numerous contributions to different folklore journals in Spain. At the start of El Folk-lore Filipino Isabelo dedicated the book to all Spanish Folklorists, and expressed his gratitude to the two Founders of Spanish Folklore Studies, Antonio Machado y Álvarez and Alejandro Guichot y Sierra, for their support and friendship and their sending him free copies of all the relevant journals. Six months after the Exposition, El Diablo en Filipinas was published in Articulos Varios de Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo’s first book. Once again, Megan Thomas came to our rescue by sending us the original text that was serialized late in 1886 by the Manila newspaper La Oceania Española. Isabelo was only 23 years old! What a challenge to today’s World Wide Web 23–year–old addicts!
***
Th e narrative of El Diablo is both simple and ingenious. It is