Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective
    Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective
    Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective
    Ebook110 pages1 hour

    Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective

    By International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    This paper examines the potential of hydrogen fuel for hard-to-decarbonise energy uses, including aviation, shipping and other. But the decarbonisation impact depends on how hydrogen is produced.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherIRENA
    Release dateSep 1, 2019
    ISBN9789292602079
    Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective

    Related to Hydrogen

    Related ebooks

    Power Resources For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    Related categories

    Reviews for Hydrogen

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Hydrogen - International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

      © IRENA 2019

      Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given to IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material.

      ISBN: 978-92-9260-151-5

      ebook ISBN: 978-92-9260-207-9

      Citation: IRENA (2019), Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi

      About IRENA

      The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity.

      www.irena.org

      Acknowledgements

      This report benefited from input and review of experts: Bart Biebuyck (The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, FCH JU), Gerald Linke and Michael Walter (German Gas and Water Association, DVGW), Harmut Krause (Head of DBI and Bergakademie Freiberg), Han Feenstra (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy of the Netherlands), Frank Wouters (EU-GCC Clean Energy Technology Network), Paul Lucchese (IEA Hydrogen TCP and Capenergies) and Tim Karlsson (The International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy, IPHE). Roland Roesch, Asami Miketa, Aakarshan Vaid and Sean Ratka (IRENA) also provided valuable support.

      IRENA is grateful for the generous support of the Government of Japan.

      Authors: Dolf Gielen, Emanuele Taibi and Raul Miranda (IRENA).

      Available for download: www.irena.org/publications

      For further information or to provide feedback: [email protected]

      Disclaimer

      The designations employed and the presentation of materials featured herein are provided on an as is basis, for informational purposes only, without any conditions, warranties or undertakings, either express or implied, from IRENA, its officials and agents, including but not limited to warranties of accuracy, completeness and fitness for a particular purpose or use of such content.

      The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA, nor is it an endorsement of any project, product or service provider. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

      CONTENTS

      Abbreviations

      1. Overview of findings

      2. Hydrogen and renewables

      3. Strategic considerations

      3.1 The need for climate action now

      3.2 Current hydrogen use and future projections

      3.3 A shift towards production of green hydrogen

      3.4 A broadening field of applications

      3.5 Fossil fuel-based hydrogen as a transition option

      3.6 The role of gas infrastructure for renewable hydrogen

      3.7 The potential of clean hydrogen as a new commodity

      4. The role of hydrogen for decarbonisation – the hydrogen / renewable energy nexus

      4.1 Hydrogen production as a driver for accelerated renewable energy deployment

      4.2 Increased power system flexibility through hydrogen production

      4.3 Hydrogen for seasonal storage of variable renewable electricity

      5. Competitiveness of renewable hydrogen

      5.1 Current hydrogen production cost

      5.2 Hydrogen logistics cost

      5.3 Future hydrogen supply cost

      6. Future hydrogen and hydrogen commodity trade projections

      6.1 Leveraging remote renewable energy resources to develop a new global commodity

      6.2 Electrofuels

      6.3 Beyond fuels: Trade of energy-intensive commodities produced with hydrogen

      Policy recommendations

      References

      ABBREVIATIONS

      °C degrees Celsius

      ALK alkaline

      ATR auto-thermal reforming

      AUD Australian dollar

      Btu British thermal unit

      CAD Canadian dollar

      CCS carbon capture and storage

      CCUS carbon capture, utilisation and storage

      CO carbon monoxide

      CO2 carbon dioxide

      CSP concentrating solar power

      DAC direct air capture

      DRI direct-reduced iron

      e-fuel electrofuel

      EJ exajoule

      EOR enhanced oil recovery

      EUR Euro

      EV electric vehicle

      FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle

      GJ gigajoule

      GW gigawatt

      H2 hydrogen

      HRS hydrogen refuelling station

      ICE internal combustion engine

      IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency

      km kilometre

      kW kilowatt

      kWh kilowatt-hour

      LCOE levelised cost of electricity

      LCOH levelised cost of hydrogen

      LNG liquefied natural gas

      MCH methyl cyclohexane

      MM Btu million British thermal units

      MOST China Ministry of Science and Technology

      MRV monitoring, reporting and verification

      Mt megatonne

      MW megawatt

      MWh megawatt-hour

      NDC Nationally Determined Contribution

      PEM proton exchange membrane

      PPA power purchase agreement

      PV photovoltaics

      R&D research and development

      SOEC solid oxide electrolysis cells

      SMR steam methane reforming

      ttonne

      THE Tianjin Mainland Hydrogen Equipment Co., Ltd

      TW terawatt

      UK United Kingdom

      US United States

      USD United States dollar

      1. OVERVIEW OF FINDINGS

      •Clean hydrogen is enjoying unprecedented political and business momentum, with the number of policies and projects around the world expanding rapidly. Further acceleration of efforts is critical to ensuring a significant share of hydrogen in the energy system in the coming decades.

      •Two key developments have contributed to the growth of hydrogen in recent years: the cost of hydrogen supply from renewables has come down and continues to fall, while the urgency of greenhouse gas emission mitigation has increased, and many countries have begun to take action to decarbonise their economies, notably energy supply and demand. The hydrogen debate has evolved over the past two decades, with a shift in attention from

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1