Sampson guided England to the bronze medal in Canada last summer, the women's team's best ever finish, after beating Germany in extra time.
His new contract takes him beyond the 2019 tournament in France.
England have already begun qualifying for the Women's Euro 2017 in the Netherlands, winning their opening two games against Estonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
And Sampson is now hoping to take the progress made since starting the role in 2013 on to the next level.
England will remember special Canada win forever - Sampson [AMBIENT]
He said: “I am delighted to have agreed to continue working with the Lionesses through to the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup.
“It is an honour and a privilege to manage such a fantastic group of people who represent their country with incredible pride and passion.
"We have all worked very hard over the last two years to improve both individually and collectively and our World Cup bronze medal highlights the progress this team has made.
“It was crucial post the World Cup we worked hard to continue to grow the game and I am pleased with the steps we have taken we are ready to do just that."
Goalkeeper coach Lee Kendall has also signed a new two-year deal.
Sampson added: “I am delighted that Lee Kendall has also agreed to extend his contract with the team and over the coming weeks we will highlight the good work that has gone on behind-the-scenes to support the team.
“It is an incredibly exiting period for all players and supporters of the Lionesses and I am proud to continue leading the team through this special journey.”