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Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Managing Chronic Pain in Adults With or in Recovery From Substance Use Disorders. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2012. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 54.)

Cover of Managing Chronic Pain in Adults With or in Recovery From Substance Use Disorders

Managing Chronic Pain in Adults With or in Recovery From Substance Use Disorders.

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What Is a TIP?

Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) are developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Each TIP involves the development of topic-specific best-practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of substance use and mental disorders. TIPs draw on the experience and knowledge of clinical, research, and administrative experts of various forms of treatment and prevention. TIPs are distributed to facilities and individuals across the country. Published TIPs can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.kap.samhsa.gov.

Although each consensus-based TIP strives to include an evidence base for the practices it recommends, SAMHSA recognizes that behavioral health is continually evolving, and research frequently lags behind the innovations pioneered in the field. A major goal of each TIP is to convey “front-line” information quickly but responsibly. If research supports a particular approach, citations are provided.

TIP Format

Most of the research that forms the evidence basis for a particular TIP is not provided in the TIP itself. Rather, those who wish to review the supporting research can access a bibliography and literature review via the Internet at http://www.kap.samhsa.gov. These online resources include links to abstracts; the online bibliography and literature review are updated every 6 months for 5 years after publication of the TIP.

TIPs focus on how-to information. Coverage of topics is limited to what the audience needs to understand and use to improve treatment outcomes. TIPs increasingly use quick-reference tools such as tables and lists in lieu of extensive text discussion, making the information more readily accessible and useful for treatment providers.

TIP Development Process

TIP topics are based on the current needs of behavioral healthcare professionals and other medical care practitioners for information and guidance. After selecting a topic, SAMHSA invites staff members from Federal agencies and national organizations to be members of a resource panel that reviews an initial draft prospectus and outline and recommends specific areas of focus as well as resources that should be considered in developing the content for the TIP. These recommendations are communicated to a consensus panel composed of experts on the topic who have been nominated by their peers. In partnership with Knowledge Application Program writers, consensus panel members participate in creating a draft document and then meet to review and discuss the draft. The information and recommendations on which they reach consensus form the foundation of the TIP. The panel Chair ensures that the guidelines mirror the results of the group’s collaboration.

A diverse group of experts closely reviews the draft document. Once the changes recommended by these field reviewers have been incorporated, the TIP is prepared for publication, in print and online.

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