PROJECT REPORT ON

CRICKET
BY
ANKUR SINGH THAKUR

CLASS XII A SUPERVISED BY MR. GAROLA PHYSICS TEACHER

S.G.R.R. PUBLIC SCHOOL, PATEL NAGAR, DEHRADUN

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report has been submitted by Rahul Pal of Class XII - C. He has completed his project under my supervision. This is to certify that he has done this project on AC Generator I am with fully sincerity satisfied under with my his guidance.

performance.

Principal Teacher Mrs. Pratibha Attri Gogia S. G. R. R. Patel Nagar

Physics Mr. Kapil

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Completion of this project Wheatstone Bridge is the result of corporation Cocoordinator & Combined efforts of several resources knowledge energy and time. Hence I acknowledge my thanks to all people who directly and indirectly helped me in the completion of this project. I am very grateful to my Teacher Mr. Kapil Gogia S.G.R.R. Public School Patel Nagar for giving his valuable guidance without which project have not been completed.

Komal Jaiswal XIIth - B 2012-13

Cricket
This article is about the outdoor sport. For the variant of the game played indoors, see Indoor cricket. For the insect, see Cricket (insect). For other uses, see Cricket (disambiguation). "Cricketer" redirects here. For other uses, see Cricketer (disambiguation). Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings. Cricket was first played in southern England in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed into the national sport of England. The expansion of the

British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century the first international matches were being held. The ICC, the game's governing body, has 10 full members.[2] The game is most popular in Australasia, England, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies and Southern Africa.

Rules and game-play Summary Cricket is a bat and ball game, played between two teams of eleven players each.[3][4] One team bats, attempting to score runs, while the other bowls and fields the ball, attempting to restrict the scoring and dismiss the batsmen. The objective of the game is for a team to score more runs that its opponent. In some forms of cricket, it may also be necessary to dismiss the opposition in order to win the match, which would otherwise be drawn. Format of the game A cricket match is divided into periods called innings. During an innings (innings ends with "s" in both singular and plural form), one team fields and the other bats. The two teams switch between fielding and batting after each innings. All eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but only two members of the batting team (two batsmen) are on the field at any given time.

Pitch, wickets and creases Main articles: Cricket pitch, Wicket, and Crease (cricket) See also: Stump (cricket) and Bail (cricket) Playing surface Cricket is played on a grassy field.[6] The Laws of Cricket do not specify the size or shape of the field,[7] but it is often oval. In the centre of the field is a rectangular strip, known as the pitch.[6]

The cricket pitch dimensions The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses.[8] At either end of the pitch, 22 yards (20 m) apart, are placed wooden targets, known as the wickets. These serve as a target for the bowling (also known as the

fielding) side and are defended by the batting side, which seeks to accumulate runs. Stumps, bails and creases

A wicket consists of three stumps that are hammered into the ground, and topped with two bails. Team structure A team consists of eleven players. Depending on his or her primary skills, a player may be classified as a specialist batsman or bowler. A well-balanced team usually has five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers. Teams nearly always include a specialist wicket-keeper because of the importance of this fielding position. Each team is headed by a captain who is responsible for making tactical decisions such as determining the batting order, the placement of fielders and the rotation of bowlers.

A player who excels in both batting and bowling is known as an all-rounder. One who excels as a batsman and wicketkeeper is known as a "wicket-keeper/batsman", sometimes regarded as a type of all-rounder. True all-rounders are rare as most players focus on either batting or bowling skills. Bowling Main articles: Bowler (cricket), Bowling (cricket), and Bowling strategy (cricket)

A typical bowling action

Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan, the highest wicket taker in both Test and ODI forms of cricket bowls to Adam Gilchrist.

The bowler reaches his delivery stride by means of a "runup", although some bowlers with a very slow delivery take no more than a couple of steps before bowling. A fast bowler needs momentum and takes quite a long run-up, running very fast as he does so. Fielding Fielding (cricket) and Fielding strategy (cricket)

Fielding positions in cricket for a right-handed batsman All eleven players on the fielding side take the field together. One of them is the wicket-keeper aka "keeper" who operates behind the wicket being defended by the

batsman on strike. Wicket-keeping is normally a specialist occupation and his primary job is to gather deliveries that the batsman does not hit, so that the batsmen cannot run byes. He wears special gloves (he is the only fielder allowed to do so), a box over the groin, and pads to cover his lower legs. Owing to his position directly behind the striker, the wicket-keeper has a good chance of getting a batsman out caught off a fine edge from the bat. He is the only player who can get a batsman out stumped. Runs Run (cricket)

The directions in which a right-handed batsman intends to send the ball when playing various cricketing shots. The diagram for a left-handed batsman is a mirror image of this one.

1.

Bowled: the bowler has hit the wicket with the delivery and the wicket has "broken" with at least one bail being dislodged (note that if the ball hits the wicket without dislodging a bail it is not out).[10] Caught: the batsman has hit the ball with his bat, or with his hand which was holding the bat, and the ball has been caught before it has touched the ground by a member of the fielding side.[11] Leg before wicket (lbw): the ball has hit the batsman's body (including his clothing, pads etc. but not the bat, or a hand holding the bat) when it would have gone on to hit the stumps. This rule exists mainly to prevent the batsman from guarding his wicket with his legs instead of the bat. To be given out lbw, the ball must not bounce outside leg stump or strike the batsmen outside the line of leg-stump. It may bounce outside off-stump. The batsman may only be dismissed lbw by a ball striking him outside the line of off-stump if he has not made a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat.[12]

2.

3.

4.

Run out: a member of the fielding side has broken or "put down" the wicket with the ball while the nearest batsman was out of his ground; this usually occurs by means of an accurate throw to the wicket while the batsmen are attempting a run, although a batsman can be given out Run out even when he is not attempting a run; he merely needs to be out of his ground.[13] Stumped is similar except that it is done by the wicketkeeper after the batsman has missed the bowled ball and has stepped out of his ground, and is not attempting a run.[14] Hit wicket: a batsman is out hit wicket if he dislodges one or both bails with his bat, person, clothing or equipment in the act of receiving a ball, or in setting off for a run having just received a ball.[15] Hit the ball twice is very unusual and was introduced as a safety measure to counter dangerous play and protect the fielders. The batsman may legally play the ball a second time only to stop the ball hitting the wicket after he has already played it.[16]

5.

6.

7.

8.

Obstructing the field: another unusual dismissal which tends to involve a batsman deliberately getting in the way of a fielder.[17] Handled the ball: a batsman must not deliberately touch the ball with his hand, for example to protect his wicket. Note that the batsman's hand or glove counts as part of the bat while the hand is holding the bat, so batsmen are frequently caught off their gloves (i.e. the ball hits, and is deflected by, the glove and can then be caught).[18]

9.

10. Timed

out usually means that the next batsman did

not arrive at the wicket within three minutes of the previous one being dismissed.[19] Other

Innings (I): The number of innings in which the batsman actually batted. Not outs (NO): The number of times the batsman was not out at the conclusion of an innings they batted in.1 Runs (R): The number of runs scored. Highest score (HS/Best): The highest score ever made by the batsman.

Batting average (Ave): The total number of runs divided by the total number of innings in which the batsman was out. Ave = Runs/[I NO] (also Avge or Avg.) Centuries (100): The number of innings in which the batsman scored one hundred runs or more. Half-centuries (50): The number of innings in which the batsman scored fifty to ninety-nine runs (centuries do not count as half-centuries as well). Balls faced (BF): The total number of balls received, including no balls but not including wides. Strike rate (SR): The number of runs scored per 100 balls faced. (SR = [100 * Runs]/BF) Run rate (RR): Is the number of runs a batsman (or the batting side) scores in an over of six balls.

The basic bowling statistics include:

Overs (O): The number of overs bowled. Balls (B): The number of balls bowled. Overs is more traditional, but balls is a more useful statistic because the number of balls per over has varied historically.

Maiden overs (M): The number of maiden overs (overs in which the bowler conceded zero runs) bowled. Runs (R): The number of runs conceded. Wickets (W): The number of wickets taken. No balls (Nb): The number of no balls bowled. Wides (Wd): The number of wides bowled. Bowling average (Ave): The average number of runs conceded per wicket. (Ave = Runs/W) Strike rate (SR): The average number of balls bowled per wicket. (SR = Balls/W) Economy rate (Econ): The average number of runs conceded per over. (Econ = Runs/overs bowled).