CT Model
CT Model
\
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.
I
mag
I
rated
N
R
B
j L
b
+ 100
V
RAT
268.7 =
If this is less than 20, the CT satisfies criterion to avoid saturation entirely
Simulation Time and Indexing
t .00001 := i 1 ceil
CY
f t
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.
.. := t
i
i t :=
Time step is 10 microseconds
Primary Current Definition
atan
X
R
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.
:=
X
R
:= 0.05 = 86.987 deg =
90 deg :=
I
i
2 I
mag
sin t
i
+
( )
e
t
i
sin ( )
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.
:=
Magnetic Values
0
4 10
7
:=
r
15000 := B
sat
1.8 :=
Calculate cross sectional area of CT core
A
V
RAT
N B
sat
:= A 4.912 10
3
=
Mean core length
L .75 :=
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 3/9
Fall 2012
Frolich Equation
c
1
0
r
:=
b
1
1
B
sat
:=
Magnetic Flux Density as a function of primary current: -
B I
P
( )
I
P
c b I
P
+
:=
Magnetizing inductance as a function of flux density: -
L I
P
( )
I
P
B I
P
( )
d
d
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.
A N
2
L
:=
Magnetizing inductance with no remnance
L
m
L 0 ( ) := L
m
7.111 = X
m_prefault
2 60 Hz L
m
H := X
m_prefault
2.681 k =
Find magnetizing current -
Use the following differential equation for dI
S
and substitute into I
S(i)
=I
S(i-1)
+DI
S
. Recognize that L
M
=L(I
P
-N*I
S
). 1.
Work from: 2.
L
m
1
N t
I
P
d
d
t
I
S
d
d
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L
B
t
I
S
d
d
R
B
I
S
0 =
Define a term for i=0 - I
S
0
0 :=
I
S
i
I
S
i 1
L I
i 1
N I
S
i 1
|
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.
|
\
|
.
I
i
I
i 1
( )
N
R
B
I
S
i 1
t
(
(
1
X
B
5 10
5
+
|
\
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.
L I
i 1
N I
S
i 1
|
\
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.
+
+ :=
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 4/9
Fall 2012
Calculate Magnetizing Current
I
M
i
I
i
N
I
S
i
:=
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
100
0
100
200
Secondary Current
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 5/9
Fall 2012
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
50
0
50
100
150
200
Magnitizing Current
4 10
4
2 10
4
0 2 10
4
4 10
4
2
1
0
1
2
Magnitizing Current on B-H Curve
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 6/9
Fall 2012
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
0
2
4
6
8
Magnitizing Branch Inductance
L
m
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 7/9
Fall 2012
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Magnetizing Flux Density
B NI
M
i
|
\
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.
t
i
Simple Digital Filter Calculation
RS 16 := Enter the number of samples per cycle of the relay
LPW floor
2
60 t RS
|
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.
:= Calculate the number of samples to create an averaging
LP filter with at cutoff frequency at 1/2 the sampling
frequency.
LP a ( ) 1
1
RS
+
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.
0
LPW 1
k
I
S
a LPW k +
LPW
=
:= Averaging Filter
ii LPW ceil
CY
f t
|
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.
.. :=
I
ii
LP ii ( ) := Calculate filtered current
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 8/9
Fall 2012
S CY RS :=
Calculate the number of relay samples available in the
data and create an index "s" as a row pointer
s 2 S .. :=
Ia
s
linterp t I ,
s
RS 60
,
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.
:=
Create a vector "Ia" representing the relay's sampled
values
if RS 1 ( ) S .. :=
Create a filter index, "if" and apply a full cycle cosine filter,
"IF" to vector "Ia"
IF
if
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos k
2
RS
\
|
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.
Ia
if RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +
(
(
=
:=
Cosine Filter
iv RS 1 + ( ) S .. :=
Create a vector index, "iv" and form a complex vector,
"Icpx" from filtered quatities at 90 degree intervals
Icpx
iv
IF
iv
j IF
iv
RS
4
+ :=
ECE 525
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Session 9; Page 9/9
Fall 2012
1 2 3 4 5 6
100
50
0
50
100
150
Calculated Current Magnitude
Saturated Secondary Current
50 Element Setting
Relay Response
Cycles
A
m
p
s