Avery 1875: Contributions To The History of Verb-Inflection in Sanskrit
Avery 1875: Contributions To The History of Verb-Inflection in Sanskrit
X.
CONTRTBUTlONS TO T H E HISTORY
OF
VERB-INFLECTION I N SANSKRIT.
BY JOHN AVERY,
PROFEBBOR OF LANBUAQEB I N IOWA COLLEC+R
* See ~ t Proceedlogs
s
for May. 1872, for May,
--
The sixth part, completing the work, was issued In the autumn of 1875
Pebrsburg lexicon has also been brought to a close.
The
extend the investigation to participles. and I hati made a cornplete collection of tl~em,l~otitlgas well when they entered into
compounds (excepting with su, dus and prepositions) as when
they were used predicatively with the copula omitted; but, as
Delbriick has been satisfied with citing specimens, I am unable
to make the comparison complete.
A word of explanatiorl is required for the Brdl~map~c
text.
I had 11ot advanced far in my examitlation of this before I
becanle convinced that at1 indiscriminate collection of the verbforms found in the Bdhmana would most unfairly represent
the language of the period when it was composed; for, the
design of the author being to regulate the performance of the
rituttl, and to explain the nleanlrlg and value of its various
parts, he introcluces many verses from the Vedas, and other
formulas, of unknown origjn. The latter abound in archaic
forms, and had do~tbtlessIn part been handed down from a
antedating the I~ymnsthemselves. In the
remote age, l~erl~aps
enurncration, theu, of' forms, those cited from the Vedas are enclosed in parentheses, while those found in fornlulas of unknown
origin are placed i r ~brackets; and, further, when statements
are made in the following pages regarding verb-forms in the
BrBhrnana, it should be understood that these two classes of
forms art: exclnded, unless special mention is made to the contrary. So heterogeneous is the collection of materials thrown
together in this text that it is not easy to know precisely where
to draw the line between t l ~ eancient and the modert~. Marly of
the legends related may have been long current in the mouths
of the people, and have been couchetl i n what was then oldfashioned ~ l ~ r a s e o l o g . ~ .
In sketching the history of verb-inflection, as it will he fouiltl
developed in the following pages, it should be noted at the
outset that the texts are unequai in size, lest we be led to
erroneous impressions regarding the relative frequency of forms
froin rlulnericnl statements. I have collected from the Ric
18,216 citatiorls of verb-forms; from the Brdhmana, 7159; from
the other two texts together, 2716 ; so that in this respect the
Veda is about two and a half times 1:rrger than the Rrdbmana,
and more than six and a half times larger than the other two
tests corr~binecl. IIereafter, for brevity's sake, the texts of the
three periods will be tienoted respectively by A, B, and C.
The order of our comparison will be the following : I. Hoots ;
11. Tense-Stems ; 111.Personal endings ; IV. Connecting vowels ;
V. Modes ; VI. Tenses ; VII. Derivative con,jugations ; V I I I .
lntinitive and Gerund.
1. Roots. The cllauges whicl~the verb I I I Sanskrit has suffered are not cor~fi~lerl
to variations of' form, hut go deeper anti
involve the life of roots themselves. Though a f~llldiscussion
222
(1. dvery,
in A and B, 108
in A and C, 55
in B and C, 1:I
.'
C, 57
Thus we observe that, of the wllole nurnber of roots, 730, nearly
one half are found in the Veda alone; that the very considerable number of 91 roots are unknown to the Veda ; and that,
the farther we recede from the latter, the fewer are the roots
common to it and the later literature.
Of course it is to he understood that these figures represent
only approximately the true relation between the earlier and
later language i n this respect, for the field of our survey is too
limited ; but they at least convince us that many verbs current
in the Vedic period afterwards disappeared, their place being
supplied by new prirnary or secondary roots, and that this
process of loss and replacement became increasing1.y active as
the material resources of the people were multiplied, and the
boundaries of their mental powers enlarged.
11. 8tern.s. I t will now be in place to describe the plan of
classification which I have adopted. The current arrangement
of the present-svstem, or '. special tenses," in ten classes, which
was tlerived frorn the Hindus, and is still retained in the Sanskrit gramulars, is unscientific and misleading. I t follows
neither the order of development nor similarity of formation.
Why, for example, the '' sixth" class should be separated from
the " tirst," which it closely resembles, by two so unlike classes
as the '' second" and " third," or why the nasal stems should
be scattered over the list, it is hard to see. Ingenious as were
marly of the contrivances of the Hintin grammarians, they
were largely rnnrrnonic, and not based upon a connection of
facts. We may well wonder at what the Hindus accomplished,
with their limited survey of languages, and before the claw11 of
modern science ; but surely it is unwise to adhere so closely to
their usage, and to introduce so much of their peculiar terminology, as the author of a well-known recent grammar has done,
especially i l l the treatnient of a language studied chiefly for the
general purposes of linguistic science. Clearly, the ideal plan
would be to group the stems according to simi1arit.y of formation. and then to arrange the groups in the order of their
tlevelopn~ent. 'llhe first part of this plan 1 have endeavored to
follow, but the last part not wl~ollv,since the historical order
in which the sterns appeared is not yet fully settled.
111. Nasal-Classes :
a. Adds nze, u 0 2 0 , o) = fifth and eighth 11tdiau classes ;
h.
" ?a(?, ( I L ~ )= ninth Indian class ;
c. Inserts n (na) = seventh Indian class.
IV. A-Classes :
a. Adds a , and accents the radical vowel, with strengthening
of the same according to prescribed rules = first Indian class ;
6. Adds a, and accents the added vowel, without strengthening = sixth Indian class ;
c. Adds ya, and accents the radical vowel, without strengfhening = fourth Indian class.
V. Anomalous formations, comparatively rare, and not admitting of classification with the above.
The few verbs which the gramrnalians place in a "tenth"
class will be found among the causatives, with whicb they
agree in form and accent, though no longer having a causative
sense-if, indeed, they ever had it. I n the same place will
also be found the rare Vedic stems in dya.
I have followed Delbriick and Grassmann in admitting a
pluperfect tense, to include certain preterites seemingly formed
from the perfect stem ; but exactly how many forms this tense
can rightly claim it is hard to settle.
The same remarks which I have made in respect to the present system will apply also to the aorist. The scheme which I
propose is as follows :
Simple-aorist :
I. Forms in which the endings are added directly to the root ;
11. Forms which take a connecting vowel a.
S-aorist :
Verb-Injection i n ~Yanshll.
225
I n the perfect stem we often find a. long vowel in the reduplication. I n most instances the pada-text gives the short vowel.
Perhaps some of these cases should be regarded as intensives.
I have noted only two examples. rlcidhdm and vcivcina, in B ;
and none at all in C.
The Augmerzt. The following examples of a double augment
are found in the sanhitci-text of the Veda: dnat, civar, ciumi,
civyna/c, duidhyat, ciyunnk, dyukta, @$al, cirinak, draik. Of these,
Delbriick would derive &nut from (ma$, thus removing the
irregularity ; also Aufrecht reads a ~ ? t afor Rgiltu. For the remainder, the yadc-text gives the regular forms, excepting that
it recognizes both avny and RVUT. For Ryunak, dvidhyut, :inti
dyuktu, the regular forms are also found in the sulihot2.
No examples of double augment are found in B or C.
I n the oldest Sanskrit, as in the oldest Greek, the augment is
often omitted. The coincidence of' such forms with the sub,jnnctive, anti the dificulty of deciding to which =ode individual cases belong, will be alluded to in another place. The
augment is wanting in forrns apparently having a historical
sense 448 times In A, 1 3 times in B, once orlly in C.
111. Personal &ndzfzgs. S. 1. The ending d for h i , which I
find in A only, occurs 1 3 times. A contracted ending z^mis
found in akmmilm I, uadhDm 2, probably for akramisham and
vadhisharn. B gives us ur%j?yam for uy?i$yn, pres. opt. mid.
S. 2. The imperative act. presents some irregularities. The
classical rule requires dhi after consonants, excepting nasals, 1,
and r, and in class 1II.b. which snbstitutes dna; hi after
vowels (excepting a, anti v of class 111.0, after a single conso
nant), nasals, I, and r ; after ts, and r*. following a single consonant, the ending is dropped. This rule is not observed in t l ~ e
Veda, but the ending d f ~ iis more frequently fortl~d,showing
that it is more lsrirnitive than hi. Examples are g a d / ~ with
i
quhi, ~a~ciclhi,
marnand/~l;crnudhi with ~ ~ n uand
h i ?nu, hinuhi
with it^(^, yodfri, gr~iMi. etc.; yr u shows the three successive
stages bv which the classical form was reached. B presents
few exceptions. W e note edhi, probably on account of the s
originally in the root, krtihi, ~ i ~ d d h l 'also
; g-nuh~for gynu. Exocpt1o11.iin C are still more rare, thortgh we tind cir~trh,:tud
,.cirlhz, but the latter is for qrjsdl~i The ending t&t is found 1 9
times, in A only. S. 3. I n A the ending P for tr is found 150
tirnes, only twice (duhe) in B, and never in C. The form
clu/~re(i. 139. 7) Delbriick regards as 3d sing., but Grassmann
as 3d pl. The longer endlng ttsi for te occurs once in A, and
twice (in a formula) in B. The suffix s for t occurs in the
forms ues, rdhyds. gnmyh, jeyds, minzTyds, yiiy&s, urjycis, ap&
ndad/)ris, i)ahl~Gyd?and czpr&s--all in A. Tcit is also found in A 5
tirnes as 3d s. Am for tcim imp. mid. is founrl twice in A ; also
VOT,.
Y.
32
D, 3. The longer ending aite for ete in an indicative sense appears once in A. Other cases are probably produced by the union of a mode-vowel with ele. P. 1. Of the
two endings 7nnsi and mas the former is found I17 times in A,
and 3 times in B, but never it1 C ; the ending mas appears 21
times in A , 4 times in B, and is the only ending in C. From
this statement it appears that the longer ending was far in advance in the first period ; that it was overtaken by the shorter
ending in the seconci periud, and driven entirely off the field in
~ the place of the
the third. In the subj. middle, m a l ~talres
longer fort11 rncthai 15 tirnes in A. P. 2 The longer ending
thana is found in A 19 tirnes, in B unce, and never in C ; tana
also occurs 125 times in A, once in B, but not at, all in C. On
the other hand, tha is found 1 2 1 times in A, and once in R,
and is the only form in C ; la appears 560 times in A, and 29
times in B. A also gives one example of dhua for dhvam, anti
two of ditvai for dhve. P. 3. W e here find numerous irregularities in A. Some verbs otherwise inflected in class 11. take
the longer ending anti or ante, as rr'adhanli, mimanti, and*jiyhnanti. This may perhaps be explained as a leaning toward the
a-class, which we find the rule in tlkh?ha,ctiand pif~anti,or as the
relic of an older stage of the language, wl~enthe longer endings were universal. On the contrary, we have hkshati and
sagcati where we should have expected takshanti and saqcanti,
though the latter probably belonged originally to the rednplicating-class. The r-suffixes are peculiar to the oldest forms of
the verb. They belons to the middle voice, and are found in
the indicative and optat~vemodes, and in rnost of the tenses : ran
is pres. opt. 2 times, impf. once, pl~xpf5 times, and simple-aor.
36 times ; rire occurs for ire pf. 9 times ; ran is in plupf twice
and simp.-aor. 14 times, ranta is plupf. once ; rata is opt. 3
times, and rate and r e are pres. indic. 2 and 28 times respectively. These endings are unknown to the later texts.
IV. Connecting- Vowels. Classic usage provides for the insertion of a short, or, less often, a long i between the root and the
endings beginning with a consonant in certain forms outside of
the present-system. I n the present-system also this connecting
<owel occurs in a few forms-examples, possibly, of a more
prevailing use at an earlier period. I n C we find gocimi 1,
bravtmi 8, braufshi 1, abravis 1, uhravOt 59, &s?t6-in all 76 times.
Of these examples, all but one belong to forms of 67-4 and
as. I n B the roots an, ah, pias, brG, and as furnish 89 cases,
of which all but 3 belong to the two last roots. When we
come to A, we find that a much greater number of roots avail
themselves of this helping vowel. They are hr4, am, an, p a s ,
tu, sedh, gnalh, stan, td, jan, vas, as, cud, dl~van,vam, varsh,
stanabh, $9, and gru; and the whole number of instances is 132.
i for ta once.
Verb-d~jkctionin Sanskrit.
227
persons. Delbriick inclines to look upon them as true inclicatives of the root-class, which have acquired a subjunctive or
imperative sense, by an idiom common in other languages.
In B, the examples of the subjunctive are veyy greatly reduced, and are confined to a more limited range of tenses.
The first form is found only in the present, while the third
form is rnore frequent in the aorist, particularly the sirnple
aorist. I n C, there are but twelve instances of the subjunctive,
all of which are found in the aorist ant1 present tenses. All of
the aorist forms belong to the third division of the subjunctive,
and the remainder are equally divided between the other two
divisions. If; now, we compare the frequency of this mode in
A, B, and C, we shall find the ratio to be about 237 : 12 : i.
From another point of view. we arrive at a similar result; in
A the subjunctive is found in 1 6 tenses and subdivisions of
tenses, iu B ill 10 tenses and forms, in C only in 5 tenses and
fbrms.
The form of the optative mode needs no special remark. I11
A it is found in the present, perfect, ancl aorist tenses. I n B it
is confined to the present, and a single instance in the aorist.
The same is true of C. The so-called " ~recative"mode I have
classified with the aorist optative, where it ~ ~ r o p e r belongs.
ly
I t is found 22 times in A, never in B, and but once in C.
The imperatiye, as we have seen, is deficient in the first person of each number, and borrows them from the subjunctive.
This mode is freely used in all periods of the language. but
wit11 a greater range of tense in the earliest times. I11 A
examples are found in the present, the perfect, and the six
forms of the aorist of the primitive verb, and in each of the
derivative forrris of the verb. In R it is confined to the present tense alone. In C it is found in the present and once in
the s-future.
The conditional, which is formed from an augmented s-futnrc
stern, occurs once in A, 3 times in H. and never in C.
TI. Tenses. The verb 111 Sanskrit has five tenses: viz.
presellt, imperfect, perfect, aorist, and future. We do not here
count the pluperfect, since it is not universally recognized as
having a status in tne language. These tenses are found at
every stage of the language, but not in all their formations,
nor with an equal apparatus of modes. In A, the present, the
perfect, the simple aorist, forms I. (s), 11. (ish), and 111. (sish)
of the s-aorist, and the aorist causative, have the four modes of
the finite verb. Form IT. (sa) of the s-aorist wants the optative, and the future lacks the optative and imperative. I n R
the present is the on1.y tense which has all the modes, the other
tenses being deficient in one or more of them. The perfect has
only the indicative. With C the case is still worse, for not
Verb-lr~Jilectioni n Sanskrit.
only is the present the only tense provided with a full set of
modes, while the perfect has the indicative only ; but the aorist
also is most scantily furnished, having few cases of the subjunctive (form IV.), a single instance of the optative (precative),
and not one occurrence of the imperative.
The periphrastic perfect does not make its appearance in A,
the derivative verbs, even, forming this tense in the ordinary
way. In R it begins to appear, being found once in the prirnitive verb, and twice each, as the only formation, in the causative and denominative. I n C it is not fouud in the primitive
. - is the only mode of forming the perfect in the causaverb, but
tive and deriom~uat~ve.
To one who even cursorily exarriines t l ~ efollowii~gpages,.it
will be evicient that the aorist tense has suffered increasing disuse frorrl the Vedic to the classic period. An exact numerical
statement only serves to confirm the view. The total number
of occurrences of the aorist of every form in A is 3016, in
H 145, in C 27, whicl~ is nearly a ratio of 111 : 5 : 1. Of the
esarnples i r ~A, more than half are found i n the sirnple aorist,
ant1 about three fourths of these in the 1st form. Here some
diEerence of opinion rnight arise, from the difficulty of deciding
whether certain forms belong to the aonst or present-system.
In H the s-aorist decidedly predomir~ates; but in C it is retluced again to 4 instances. Connected wit11 this is a differe~lce
in the range of formations in which an aorist is fountl. i n A,
outside of the primitive verb, t l ~ ecausative and denominative
and passive each have an aorist ; in B it is confined to the causative and passive, while in C it is found in none of the secontlary forrnaiions.
The periphrastic future is unknown to 11.the forms in tci whiali
have sometimes been mistaken for it being properly no?~zit~cc
ct!jentis. In B a very few examples are found. while in C it I S
more frequent, though still rare as compared with the s-future.
VII. Seconclury Formations. I n derived forms of the verb,
also, the language was rnore prolific in the earlier stages of its
growtl~. The same general classes are indeed found in the
three periods; but not with the sarne complement of modes ant1
tenses 'I'he forrn of the causative in A exhibits no striking
peculiarities. Roots in a usually lengthen this vowel, and
those in i and u generally suEer strengthening. However, e x ceptions to these rules are not infrequent. The same facts arc
true of R and C. The form in bya is confined to A, and occurs
63 times. -4s already remarked, it is classified with the causative, on account of similarity of formation, and not of agreement i n sense. Irr~s&yute1 ant1 r.r.shtiya I, witlr perhaps one or
two others, are regarded as genuine causatives which have long
a on metrical grounds.
J; A very,
232
I. T H E FORMS O F T H E V E R B IN T H E R I B - V E D A .
PRESENT SYSTEM.
Active.
Middle.
A. PRESENTINDICATIVE.
v f m i s.
I , hdlisi 1 1 , ( k s i ~ h h3,
i ,jk!shi 7 , jdshi 2 , 5, tishthase 4 , dhatse I ; 111.
pcirshi 16, prdsi 2 , bhakshi I , snatsi 1 5 , ciashe 3, cinushk! I , d / ~ t h ~ u mdsi 5 , ytikshi 33, ycihsi 4 , ydsi I , yotsi I , shS I - ~ T ! L ~ s / L ~2!, grin$rcitsi I , r&si 10, v d b h i 26, v h h i 5 , gro'sl~ishe I , hpaDhe 2 ; TV. ohase
I , sakshi I , sdtsi 1 1 , hoshi 1-all
in im- 2,garhase I , gdhase I , ccikperative sense) ; 11. iyarshi (iydrshi in shase 2, cayase I , /arase 2 ,
Auf.) ] , j i g h i 3, <&joshasi I , tishthasi i, togase (1 tug) 2, ( 2 tug) I , dodtidcisi 2, dcidhdsz 9 , piparshi 3, pibasi 2 , hase I , n a k s h ( ~ eI , n a y m e
bibharshi l o , ntamatsi I , vavtikshi I , 1,pavase 11,yi1~vase
2, bd'vivekshi I , sisakshi I , sisarshi (imper. dhase 4 , bhra,,me I , marisense) 1 ; 111. inoshi 3, kpzcishi I I , *&no- hase 4 , mandase 6 , modase
shi I , tanoshi I , vand-shi 2, str~o'shi2, I , yajase 1 , yamase I , rakhindshi 3-ish?adsi
l,<~rcndsi
1,pr:zdsi shase I , ro'cme 5 , rohase I ,
1 , rind'si I , grndsi 1-pr~rcikshz
4, bhi- vcirdhase 3, vahase I , g & ~ ncitsil, yunakshi I , vmcikshi3; I V . atusi bhase I , gobhase I , scicase 4,
1 , arshasi 1 5 , arhasi 3, civnai 5, ilzumi 6 , sttivase 3 , harshase Id'hasi 2 , kshayrrsi <, cdrasi 5 , jayasi I , rfijtise 2 , pychase I , ~nrgcise
PRESENT INDICATIVE-eontznued
.jinuasi l,jdlruasi I , ttwasi I , td'rvusi I , I , !/ttvtcse 3, virLd,ise2 , sir7ddpasi 1 , clhunvmi I , clhdvusi 6 , ,oti!/usi c t i s ~~ - - - - j & ' ! 6/, ~trd'yae
4 , plitasi I , pinvasi 2 , bhlivctsi 13, bhdl- ae 3, dhycase I , pcityase 2 ,
shasi 2 , y&j;zsi 3, rdkshasi 5 , rd'jusi so, p!/Q!/izse I , rnti~r~use
s, n
~ i ' 4 , ?lase I , rnzicyuse I ; V . ich{r-
-tirasi
I , tyrrbptisis,pychasi I , mrnasi p-?vislTLB 5.
r~lipyizsiI , p~ipyc~si
6 , pzisl~yasi9 , rtipya-
x.
3:3
PRESENT~ N D I C A T I V E - C D R ~ ~ ~ L U ? ~
1. P1. I. rnanrnahe 3,
(gmtisi I ) , stufr~tisi2 , smtisi 1 5 ; 11. y.r!jmahe I , gcismahe I , hQjuh$m/isi 2 , dadmasi I , dadhmcisi 3, mtihe 9 ; IT. dddmuhe 2 ;
bib7~rnztisiI , gigfmdsi I ; 111. gy~~Zrncisi111. krr~rnahe z-vrnil o , ji~rLiLjmdsi I , m i ? ~ i j ~ / d
2 s; i IV. tired- mdhe 64 ; IV. jardrnahe s ;
~ntrsiI , tirhdmasi I , c6rdmusi ' i , janQ- s~dkshdmaheI , s~civdmahr
rt~usiI , jaydnaa.vi I , tardr,rasi I , ntiyd- 2 , ndsdmalte I , bddhdmuhe
lnusi 2 , bddhdmusi I , bhardrnasi 3 , mti- I , b/ahjQmahe I , bliciydnt trdtlmrrsi I , methdmtrai I , yhjdntasi 2, he I , bhardrr~aheb, wthndotiddrrcasi 2----tirdn~asi I , rnypdma.vi I , ntahe 17 (mandmahk I ) ,
.sprp(lrtaasi ~-p!igy&~~t usi I , l~ar.yd mdnddmahe I , ncardrr~ah(
1 , ytijd~rtahe9 , ytTsdmuhe 1 .
r/~u.siI , lrv/iydjnas~3.
( S I fI i x nzas) T. kurrntis I , dvi.vhrratis /.abhdn?ahe 3 , vtindmahe r,
I,
2 , ydntas I , .vt~~as
2 , htcnlnas I ; IT. jzbhu- vtinddtt/ahe I , start?r~~u/ce
I,
) N ~ SI , cladh~ntxs I , vivishmas z ; 111. stavdnaahe I , svajdf~tahe
jt?t,intas I-a6jmas
I ; IV. ~naddmashcivdmahe in7 -YU:~!I , yhjdmas I (ydjtirnrr ?), vaddmas I , jriahe I , ripd'mahe I , szcagnahe I , huvdnzahe zp(trjsAn~trsI .
hvtiydmcche 5.
16
PRESENT
IN~ICATIVE-CO~~~~~~U~~.
2. PI. IT. LkzdhidlivS 4 ;
2. PI. (sllfix thu) I. itha I , kytha I ,
gathh I , nethti I , p/ithti (: pd) I , (3 p'i) 111. ahgdhvi. I ; 1V. cctya2 , ycithti 6 , stlta 30, hathti i ; 11. jujo- dhoez, dhovadl~~~e~,bddlia-
shatho I , dhatthd 4 , pipytkti I , bibthy- (!hue I ,bhdrudhve I , ~ ~ t a u d tht?3, bbbotUtat11aI ; 111. agllzcthcc I ,ky?- trdhve I , viihadhve 3, gay3, sunuthd I-jiinia&ve I---tre??/adhve 3.
uthti s, d/ul?~?~thd
thix I ; TV. djatha I , dvatha I , @atha I ,
kri'lathtr I , ksl~tiyathu2, khddutha I , cetcctha l,,$nvatha 3, tcikshutha 2 , tii'rvatha
2 , ntiyathas, n a ~ a t h a
~,patathtcI , bh6r.atha I , hhdvtrtha 3, b/~i2'sJ~i~tha
I , rtltidatha 3, rnoshatlta I , rdkohatha 1, 1-dljrrfhr:
2 , rejatha I , vahatha I , stirputha Intufichtha I--ti.s!/athtr 3 , pagyathtx 2 ,
pzishyatha 1 , rishyatha I , 7icir?/athic2 ;
V. gtichatha 3.
(Suftix thanir) I. pdthtina I , !/dth(irti[
k s h i ~ d n t iI , gyr~(iitti21, </~bhntilcti
3, I , spy!/~ltrt?
I , hinvtite Ijdntinti 3, jir~urlfiI , jth~ld~ltf
7, puntijtti (rgncrte I ,
gybh!tate I ,jci~tG , pyt~tinti 1 2 , pri~cxnti I , 6hrZ!teinti I , trte 4, ~ z r r ~ a2,t ibirclhntite I ,
1, dva?~ti
4 , karunti I , kraltclunti I , kri'- j,rti I ; IV. rtyunte I ,
f'sh-
PRESENT
INDICATIVB-(.O~C~U~~~.
pi'yunti 2. hhcyhnti 1, bkruianti I , bhti- rirnte I , rabkunte I , 7~rranti 12, bhhvanti 1 4 , II,/~tlsJ~a71ti
4 , ntaj- nmnte 2 , r4janfe 4 , rbcante
janti I , w~ddanti2 9 , ?ticinthanti z, ma- 1 9 , vitdco~te I , udrtlnte ti,
ranti I , mardkanti s, rr~ehatttiI , ydjanti vdrtaizte 3, vardh(lnte I ,
2 , rd/~sJ~a9tti
4 , r6nixnti .j, riiclanti I , rci- vahante 3, vyatharzte I , gaI ,prcrjnnti I , rebi~ontiI , ~ 6 h a n tIi , vhtlanti 13, ?/ante I , grrrr~bhut~te
vananti I , vhpi~nti8 , vcircll~utctil i , vcir- ytrnte I ,sacante 23, s6pant~
shavtti I , vhgnnti 2 , vdhunti 3 2 , w;na?tti I , s(ih~o(te3, stcivat{te 3,
I , gdhsaszti 5 , gikshilt{ti 2 , ~ b c ( r i ~It, spdrci/tcrnt~3, svajartte I ,
pcbtar~ti8, scxpunti 1 , sdgcati I ,si'tki~cti svadcrrcte I , hu'rctnte I , h6I , sedhanti I , skand<ttcti1, s t o 6 h ~ v t 2i , l9a)/te38 -zckskrinte 2 ,
srrivanti 3, svddanti 3 , svar(rn'%bi
6 , hiti- tirrhtte 7, vip(inte s santi I---trksltdnti I , ~17jdnti
I , rskdnti kshit?/ante2,jdyallte s, tiedI , crtdr~ti
I , tira~zti
2, ttcl?jcinti2 , dzcha7tti ?/ante I , i~a?/ante
I , rnrsh1 6 , pycltdnti 2 , 9rtisha1,ti 2, rttuclirrti I , ?tcxntc I , yCd/t!/ante 2 , 1.7m?crScantiI , mljdnti 29, nzygu'nti I , ru- yante I , hzqdyante s.
jtir~ti2 , rctdanti I , eindanti I , viganti 4 ,
(Suffix rate) I. dzrhrate 2.
vrgcdnti 1 , gumhh6)rti 7 , siiicr'szti z, str(Snfix re) I. dt~hrh6,
vcir/ti I , s ~ ~ h n5 ,t is p ~ g d ~ c2t, i sphurtinti vid& I ; V. invire I , r!?vire
I-&'ryanti
2 , @!/anti I , jdl yant i I , I , pin uirr I , q n v i 1 4 7, suildccsya)iti f i , tliyanti 2, ntihyanti I , pig- air; s, h i ~ / o i rs.$
? j a ~ ~1 1t, ipush!/anti 2 , I-tin?/anti2 , rishyanti 1, (9dycrnti+, r&ya?~ti
I , grdqnytrnti
I , s?/anti I , 7~ciryanti
2 , hra!/trrcti I ; V.
ich(inti 5 , ~ch<j?zti
2 , rchcjnti I ,
yich(rnti
s, ytichtrr~ti6.
B PBBSENTS I T BNCTIVB
J~
I. With mode-sign (1 and prlmarp endings.
1. Sing. I. brcivcini 2 ; 11. dad/~dwi 1. Sing. 11. gapvacvi I ;
; IV. kdrdpi 2 , guvnci?ci z, ccrrdni I , 111. kyp6vcri 2. mancivai I ,
n6ydni I , puccin i I , hhc!jcini I , rdijdni 2 , sw~civai2 ; IV. grtdntri I ,
vcihdni l-s~j&'ni
I.
rnurai I , stcivai 3--prchai
(Suffix (?=hi)I. ayd I , br.a?t&I , stti- l-yddhyi~i
I.
vd z ; 111. krpav& I , I~inavciI ; IV. circci
I.
~---nrrksh&'
2. Sing. I. 6sasi 4, kd1.ctsi 2 , bi~ccvasi 2. Sing. I. dscrse I , k6I ; IT. ciketasi I , pib&si I , p)ctprc&siI ; IV. ruse 2 ; IT. dddhase a ; 111.
cijdsi I , juydsi 2, hhdjds, 3 , bhijvdsi 4, kr!ttrtiuae I , t,unavuse I ;
ycijcZsi 4, vuddsi 2, vahdsi s-lir(2'si
IV. vardhdse ~--ytlt~cise
I.
I , riddtsi I -pagy&si
I.
3. Sing. I. (isuti 8 , karati 7, ddti 5,
3. Sing. 1. &sate3, idhat6
I ;11. tishd M t i a, vuyuti I , ?tSdcttiI , hur~ati2 ; 11. i,/ccircltr4,?~6?~cte
ciketatis, tiSA$/~dtiz,
ddd&g(tti2 , diclegati $hdte 3, tr'cidliate 2, mimdte
o , pib&ti I , piprati I , b%bodltati I , su- 1 , yuy6jate 2. gagdrnnte I ;
shadati A ; IV. djciti 3, juycizi 3 , jz'udti 111.I~~!cdvates,
nzan6vate I ,
I , tdpciti 1, dabhdti 2 , dah&ti I , dhan- inddhate 2, yur~cijate
adti I , ndydti I , pcicdti 2, pdtdti 3, pa- I ; IV. jurdte I , pavdte 1,
ddti I , bhdhciti 1, bi~cij&tiI , bhdr&ti 2 , bhrrycite 2, ydjcite 6, vdhdte
I
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE-W?Zt'bZ~ed.
-tirdti
I , bhyjidrti I , rtztrcdti I , rr~y- I-manydte
I.
sztvdrti 5---rishyciti
I ; V . gcichdti 2.
1. Du. I. bravdoahai I ;
111. kynuudvahai I , tanavduahai I ; IV. sacdvahai
I , sahr2~:ahaiI .
2. Du. I. dsathas I ,karathas 2 , vedci2. 1)u. 111. a ~ n d v a i t h e
thus I ; 11. ciketathns 1, tishthdthas I , I ; IT. pynaithe I .
dcidltathas I , pibdthus 6 ; 1V. civcithas I ,
vaddthas I , sittardthau I .
3. Du. I. karatas 2 . garnattcs I , fa"'3. Du.
I. br6vaite I ;
tas I, (pdtds&) ; II. tishthdtas ? pibatas IV. ydtuite I-yuvaite
I.
I ; 111. a6ijatas I ; IV. ccirdfas 2 , vcihdtas
2 , gdpdtas I----nzy{dtcra
I.
1. P1. 1. i"{cinzahai I ,
g6mcimui~r~iI , brdvdmuI L U ~2 ; III. Fcy~thvQn~ahai
I-ancipdnlahcci
I , bhun@dmahai z, runadhdmah a i I ; IV. n d ~ d m a h a i2 ,
ydjd~nahaiI , vcindmahai
I-sirCcdmahai
I.
(Sufix mahe) I. E{dmahe I , k(irdmahe s ; IT.
dgddmo7~eI .
2. P1. I. cisatha 4, stavatha I ; IT.
pibdtha? sbshddatha I ; 111. sandvatha I ; IV. civdtha I , jayiitha I , 116hdtha I ; V . gaclt Qtha I .
11. With mode-qign a and secondary endings.
1. I
.
(stush-a-i).
2,
I. st7rshi.
20
? ~ a 7 ~I , t p
t ruslyzdvut I ,vcnndvtrt In, py!1-
h a t 14, su~~civat
2-y?~BdJLat
I , bhin-
cidat I , ?/%~r~({jut
2 ; IV. drcdt I , rirshdt I ,
I , bhojurr~I ,yqj~nc.I .
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE-CO)~~~~~~~.
.J,
1i ~ r bbbi
- ttzs
Lite
Mi9 - I kdu.
C. PRESENT OPTATIVE.
1. Sing. I. iyc2n~I, rdhydrn I , yd1. Sing. I. i'piya3, muydm 1, v i d y d n ~I , pnkydm 1, s,ydlrn9 ; r f y a I ; IV. saceya z11. /agamy&nz ~,pupycy:y&m
I ; 111. san- huvhyu I.
uydm I ; IV. garneyam I , piks%sheyan?z
-vyayeyan~I.
2. Sing. I. rd/~ydsI , gamy& I , syd's
; 11. cnkriyds ( 2 kar) I , juguryds I ;
IV. 6vm I, bhuves I , rr~adesI, vanes i
P
aY
@
,
I.
3. Sing. I. iydt 2, b14.i2ydtI , vidyd't
3. Sing. I. dsttu I , @tu
.a, syd't 1 5 ; 11. jagamydt 9, jagdydt I, 3, @its z, uhtta I , duhzta I ,
juguryd't I, tuturyd't r, paprcydt I , hi- bruv$ta I , pdyUa I , stuvltci
hhiydt I , Dibhy!/&t I , tvtamanydt I , mi- I ; 11. dddhita 9, dadhit6
rntydt I ; 111. pyniy&'t I ; IV. Qvet I, I ; 111. kynvita ~-prpcaret 2, taret I, pdtet I , sravet 2-pychet
cztd I ; IV. qjeta I, kshameta I , jareta I , bhiksheta
I-dusyet
I, rishyet 2 ; V. iclrtet I.
(SufEx s) I. r d h y h I , gurnyds a, jeyds 3, yajeta I , vadeta I, saceta
2 ; 11. mirnZyds I , ?/QydsI.
2, staveta I-jushhta
----;oapyeta I.
1. Du. I. yujydva I ; IV. vrheva 1.
7
VOL. X.
34
PRESENTOPTATIVE-concluded.
1. 11
' . I. iydmu I , ~dhydnau4 , lc7.iI . PI. I. idhZmuhi 7,
tans I.
3. P1. I. a d y h I, u i d y h I, sy%s 9 ;
3. PI. (Sufix ran) 11.
TI. j(tyamyus 2, dadhunyus I ; IV. td- dadirc~n2.
(Suffix rata) IV. bharereyus I , aaheycts I .
ruta I----,jusheratcc 2.
D. PRESENTIMPERATIVE
jy-iLdhi I, vyljdhi 2.
(Suffix h i ) I. ihi 62, yuhi 83, .ja?ti 50, krurntcsvci 8 , coclmuu 2,
lo, ydhi 129, vahi 2 , vihi 3, vihi 7, stuhi fapasva I, nukshasva I , /la2 6 ; 11. dehi lo, dhehi 63, piprhi 2, pi- yasvcc I , rlamasva I , php&hi 2, mimShi 7, ririhi 7, gipihi 12 ; 111. vasva 125, pinvasva I , praa p n ~ h 3,i inuhi I, drnuhi 4 , k r ~ ~ u29,/ ~t il ~ m v aI , bd'dhasva 9 , 6hacinuhi I , tanuhi 3, trpnuhi 2, dJLdnu/~ijasva 2, hhrirasvcc 2 , n~arc3, d h ~ s h ~ ~ u
I, h
thihi 2, stattihi I .
dasva 1, ucindasva 6, vcir-
2.
243
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE-C~?~~~~U~~.
(Suffix tdt) I. vittd't I , vitcit I ; 11. tasva I , vardhusva lo, vdt?(ttttit I , dhiitttit I ; 111. kpt~ctcitI , hin- hcrsva 2, goctrsva z, p
r
n
uttit I-punittit
I ; 1V. (rvutdt I, osha- ynsva 2, gva,'icasva 2, sti
t8t I , dcch(rtcit I , bhatlat4t I , ycicutcit I , cusva 6, srihasva 4 , sidasva
rhkshatdt I , uahatdt I---vyhutbt
2, su- I, sy/u?zdasva1, svcidasua 3,
vfrtdt 1 ; \'. yachatdt I.
Itdrslcclsvtr 2-kysit
asva
(Without personal suffix) 11.
101, I, yurusvrr I , cjushcEsvcc 67,
tishthn 3 4 ; 111. iq~liI , 7ir~tuI , k u m 2, q~udrisvch s, pryzusva z,
kycrc i, tlrncn I , gy!rrr 3, sun?'c I , hir~tc2 rrbyshrisvrr I , yuvdsua ti, vi2 ; ITT. aca s, (tiel 6, rirctc 25, grisua I , vysl~rrsva lo, sit?-agdua
cirsha 37, rivtr 33, inva I , osha >,7 i(~ruI , ~ t l s v aI , srjrrsva s---$&
karsho I , k r a n d ~2, kriLnta I , kshdra 4, ytrsu(t I , trci'yusvu 4, dcrga?na.@cdra 11, co'da 2 , jtiya 6, jincw Y, y/lstjcc I, dyhyrrsvu I, pad,$va I , / L - ~ ~ u c I I, j6sIta I , tdpa 4, t a m a, ytrsvci I , papynsva I , py&dtiha 14, c7i'ya 2, drtiva 1 1 , rl?bartvcr 20, yosvn3,v!/c1?jasva2,syc*sva
dhclma I , cihciva 3, n c m a 2, )td!/cx 12, 2 ; V . ichrlsvc8 I , y(rchusv(x?
patc* 2 , pava I , pinua 3, profhct I , 66dha if(isltva r, jtivtishva I , vci5 , b / ~ ( j a12, bhcira 120, bh(iva 102, bh2sha sishvn 2.
( 1 bhdsh) I , ( 2 bhdslt) 2, ?ltacIaI , ?)tatcrla
I, myaksha I , rnrlndri I , ytca I;, yqja 5 ,
rdksha 21. r&a 4, rcida 4, rohir 4 , vadrr
lo, vapa I , vdrdlta Y, vcihcr 69, v e n d
pdrisa 6, gdrdliu I , gilcsl/a 26, g~rm6haI ,
g6ctr ti, sdttcr 4 , scim I, sarprr I , sii'tlha 2,
s8'dct 15, sSdha s, srava 14, sv(rd(rI , svapa
I , svara 3, hara 2, hinva l-ki~a
2,
ksJ~ip*.1, c ~ t aI, tira 1, t?li?a I , tyntpci 1,
pycha 7, pytza a, prushcr I , rnflccc 4 ,
ntzrrt~.u2, mr!7a 5, ~rhy{ci17, nzyga J, j,~uva
I , rikha I , rtcjd 9, rtrvci I, viga IS, vinda
2, aygcci s, vykd 5, stjica 5 , suva 9, syjci
26, sprga 5 , sphura I-asya
gti'ya 7,
dy'hya 3, ptagya I , pugyu 7, yudhya 2,
aaya 2, v i d / ~ y a9, syn 5, hnrya 7, hvaya
I ; V. ichti 5 , uch6 15, ycichu b, yacJ~/t
31.
3. Sing. I. attu I , dstu 166, etu 50,
3. Sing. I. dstdrr~ 1,
grcntu 7, pdtr~29, ydtu 18, vasltt~rI , vdtu vastdm 1 ; 11. jihitdnl I ,
i, a6tu i, S ( X S ~5 I, ~hant~r3 ; 11. cjtrhdftcI , &&tarn
I ; 111. kr?aut&'t~t
jigdtu 2 , tishtJtr~t?/3, dcitldtu 16, dddhdtu I , nztznutdnz I----sty[?l"ttim
'16, dideshtu I , pipctrtu 3, pihcctu 7, ma- I , hmtttim, I ; IV. ejaratriva
)~~(Fttumi?)~&tur,t~ittokt~(
1.1,
I,
2, ,y(ry(tstz( I , pcivcrtdm 2, pinuatdns 2,
I , yuyotu 3, gigdtu I , sishrtktu 6 ; 111. prathat21it I , bti'dhcrttint 4 ,
tsgr/otcc 3, kynottc 11, c.i,,ottt I , 11ainot7rI , hhaycrtdrn I, yyjotdm I ,
gy!dtu 24, sanot(~I, srtnotu ~----qy!tAt~r rocntdn~I . vancrt&n/ I , vur2, y y h ! t d t ~I , pun(?tu 1-~inrrkt7n
6, tutcim 4, z.drdhmtd?)~
4 , s,rcI , vipyn6ktu 2, vynaktu 4 ; I\'. qj!jwttc2, rxr- utdtrz I-pmutdrn
c i ~ t uI , dvtrtu 10, invc~tzr4, ejutu I , krttn- gittbrr~ 1-ydhyatdm
I,
dute~I, jccyatu I , jinuvtu 4, tap(~tz(3, .jdycsftim 3, trciryatc2m 3 ;
dl~(iv(tt7r
4, r~cryatt~
5 , bo'dh/ttzd I , h/r/tvirt~c1
'. ynchcttdm q.
d,
53,
(Suffix d m ) duhd'm
2.
tdm 2-tympatdm
I-vidhyatdlrl
I,
3.
I,
I,
I,
Krh-Fornzs
tq' the
R y - 1ZCICL.
246
PRESENTIMPERATIVECO~Z~ZBU~~.
3. PI. I. adantu 2, ghnantu I , ciydrct z ~I , d ~ d v ~It, updntzc 4, br~rvnntu4, yon- IV. jayantdm I , naman-
I , drtivantu 2 , d/tcrmrc~ntu
4 , d/!/?rvantlc p!/dyc~tttdvtI .
vccrdhanttc I , ~~cihantu
38, ud~7ckant%~
I,
groshatztu 1,sadanttc ti, sidantu 9 , sedhal-L-
tu I , stohha?tt!~
I , sravantu I , s v i ( & ~ r t It ~
,
2,
rnyauntu 2, vipantu 6 , ~ i c o a n t uI , SU-
chalztu 1.
I , &'yam7 , (harr~
1 , k ~ r u rJ;) ~
11. adaddm I ,
dhuve I .
I , kynava~llI-qjdndm
I , dgndn~1 ;
jam I-iipagyam
19, avyayarn I .
2 . Sing. I. dptis 3, dyds I , ves (3 v5) I ;
2 . Sing. I. 67crthds I ,
11. dtiskthas 2 , 6dadcis I , ddaclhcis 3, tiy7rkthds 1 ; 11. adhatth6.r
apibas 13, gigds I ; 111. 6kmos 13, 6va I , at?/imQthcis1 ; 111. adhdnos 3, ~ V T < L O S6 , d g ~ ! ~ o
4 , s(isag/~nos
1 , n ~ ( t / ~I d;sIV. cipavathds I ,
dsanos I ,trinos 1 , adr!zos a--dkshipcis 1 , cinaandathds I ,6rocathcZs I
crgybhniis I , apyctds 2 , ci~r~i~zcis
I , amzcsh- -amufTcathd.v
~-c,&
[L$SI ,aramttds I , ari!ads 5 , asta6hncis 6 , yathds 4 , aharyathds 1,jd1ubhnd's I ,rinds 1 , grathnds I ; IV. 6lcrar~-yathds 2.
das I , aksharcrs I , dcaras I , djancrs I , djayas 6 , (itaras 3, ddtxhas 4 , adhamas 4 , dnayas 2 , cipinvas 2 , dbhajns 1, &harm 1 , dbhnvas 30, (imadas2 , (iyajixs4 , ci'rirrihasl ,
1,pinak I , bhinQt I.
IMPERFECT
INDTCAT~VE-CO~L~~~L~~~~.
crvyayat I , avyat I , asyat I, dharycrt I , 6hvayat 2, dsyat 4, gyat (2 gd) z ; V. 6gachat 3, dyachut 4 , ahci~atI-acZibvunSt
I, cibravit 14, avairljt I , CivarsltXt I, ~ S ~ U I I L bhZt 2, d'nzt 2, Li'slt 46, std~ltbl~jt
I.
(Without suffix) I. cjkar. s, ( i g ~ 1n1,
aghas I, adhok I , tivart 2, (ihnn 26, ahdr
I , ds 3, kar l o , han I ; 11. ajaga~ta, abib h w I , tivivytrk s, r ivha I ; 111. apr?ak
I , tibhinat 11, ayur~uk
3 , civr!t/tk 4, ccic~~ut
I , bi~indt3 , ri?ztik I , ?ry!7(ik3.
(Suffixs) I. tipds I ; IT. trdadI~dsI.
2. n u . I. tiyntam I, c d ~ r ~ t3,aa'stanz.
~ ) ~ 2. Du. IV. tibddJ~ethdrrt
I, aitcon I ; 11. ac/atttr?n5, c~dJ~attarri
11, I-anudethdnz
I,
dvirhamumuktam 3, m ~ o r ~ ~ ~ k2 t; u111.
~ r tL I ~ T - deth&m I.
ntctam 4 , adJLdr~~t(iitr
~----CErttush?~$tam
I, ari7tQtan~
I, ccvy!tl"tarrtI-atrr~tttm
I ;
PERFECT
I NDICATIVE-CO~~LRU~(I
PERFECTINDICATIVE-col~~l~ded..
3,
I,
I,
1st form.
3. Sing.
dadhtirshati a, vnvctrtati 4 ,
vdvydhdti
3. Sing.
vdvrdhate
1.
I.
2d form.
4,
pap&th,an
2,
3. P1.
tatdnanta I,
dadabhanta I,
papachanta ? mdmahunta I ,
rurucanta I , vdvaganta I,
v&v.ydhdnta 4 , vivyacanta I.
3d form.
2. Sing.
cakradas 2.
3. Sing.
cakradat 3, dadhot
sisiiet I -dadharshiZt
2.
2,
C. PERFECTOPTATIVE.
dna$yFycini I, riricydm I.
2. Sing. pupushyds 1, rurucyds I,
2. Sing. caksham5thds
vivigyds I , gugruyd's I.
I , 7&~ydhz"thd'sI.
3. Sing. anajydt 1, cachadydt I,
3. Sing. jagrasita 1,
jakshiyd't I, jugybhydt 2, tutty+y&tI, dudhuvzta I , mdmrjitn I ,
(Suffix s) babhayds I.
2. Du. gugr'LZyd'tam a.
I. Sing.
3. P1.
jyzis
1.
tatanyus I , man@yus
I,
cavr-
253
D. PERFECT
IMPERATIVE
2. Sing.
gugugdhi.
2. Sing. dadhishvd 7,
rndntahasva 2, rniv~ikshvb
I , vdvydhasva 4, vdvrshaS t ? ( / 1.
3. Sing.
babhatw I.
2. Dn. vavrlctarn I .
2. P1. rmrdncitd 1.
2. P1.
3.
cltcd/~idhacrm3.
P1. wzdlttahantdm 19.
I.
Sing. cigr,gravi
1. Sing.
acacakshatn I , atustavam I.
abubhojiis I, dvivegis I ,
4viveshZs 3, aiyes 1.
3. Sing. acakrat I , adadhdvat I ,
cigipet I , asasaajat I , cakradat I ,
tastambhat I , vividat I-ajagrabhit
I,
ariredt Y, dvdvacft I , hudvarft I .
I.
2. Sing.
2.
Pl. ajabhartat~tr1.
3.
P1. anzumandus
apparw
1.
I,
dgigrayus
5,
3. PI. cititvishanta I ,
bvdvaganta 3, vdvaganta I .
(Suffix run) dcakriran I ,
ajag7teiran I , avaortran A.
(Suffix ram) asasrgram
1.
I. adhdm
am
darn
SIIPLE-AORIST
INUICATIVE-co~zclad~d.
I,
abhakta 3 , dmattu I'
ayashtu I , cirabdl~aI , arta
1, civykta2, ( ~ v y t 1,
a osaktc~
dspashta I ,
I , asthita 4,
cisrsh?~I, cigita I , drta 2,
ci'shta 1.
(Snffixi ) ahve I .
3.
Du.
1.
PI. adh8~nlchiI.
adhitdm
I.
B. SUBJUNCTIYE.
1st form.
1. Sing.
gictti I.
3. Ring. sthdti I.
2. Du. darpathns I, grnvatl~ccs I ,
2. Du. clhethe I , rlhnisthd'thas 2.
the I.
Y. Du. grbocctns~.
1. PI. dh/i'7?7nhe3.
2d form.
I. Sing.
gAm I , sthdtn a.
2. Sing. yd's 10, tardas I, d$s
dhd1s 44, prk's I , yodhat I, grtivat
sthd's 2.
36,
10,
2,
21,
sdt
3. 1'1.
mrshanta
budhdntu
a,
I.
:Id form.
Sing. khyawz I.
1. Sing. r~afiyiI.
2. Sing. khycis6,jes I, bhGs 12, yaus I.
2. Sing. nutthd's I, my(Without suffix) krun I, dhak I , thds I , my.~h?hdsI , rikthds I.
dhat I , bhdk i,bhet I, ydt I, var 3, vurX
3, star 2 , spar I.
3. Sing. khyat 3, b h d t 49, yret I.
tc. Sing. ccrtc~s, ashttr
(Without suffix) dhak 2, dhdk I , nak 3, vikta I , vyt,c I.
4, nat I, bhdk I , bhdr I, vcir 3, vark I ,
sk4n I , stan I.
1. P1. ehedpaa I , daghmu I , bhti~na 1. P1. dlrirnahi 23.
7, bhelnu 2, h6ma 2.
3. PI. khycin 4 , hhduan 3, vrcira 4.
3. P1. bhakrhatct I.
(Suffix us) kramzrs I, giis 9 , dabhzis 2,
dus 4, clhzis 5, $thus 5.
1.
D. IMPERATIVE.
3. Sing.
dratcc
I.
B. SU~~UNCTIVE.
1st form.
I. Sing.
bhuvdp&iI .
2. Sing. oidd'si 1.
2. Du. niddthas I .
2. PI. ~ i s h 6 t h a I , triddtha
,+ishBthurza2.
2d. form.
2. Sing.
oidd's 9.
3. Sing. vid(fttJ .
1. nu. w~hd'vu1.
1. 1'1. mdrrtu 2, rtcclhdrna
cima 11.
I,
~ i s h - 1. P1. gishdntaiti
3d form.
1,
I.
SIMPLE-AORIST
11. ~ t ' ~ , ~ u ~ ( " ~ r v E - e o n r ~ u d e d
1. Sing.
drpeya~n.z, sn,;e!/crlr/
I,
aid-
I.
3.
I , bhujerntr
ruhema 6 , gakS?n.ri 4 , sanSma i, (sd~cema 2,) srasenscr I .
5,
1. Sing. qjuishts~r~
I , c~bhdrsharnI ,
1. Sing.
rcdikshi I ,
dydrisum 2, ct,ycisa?u~ I , atirkshorn I , anashi I ,
cibhuksshi 2:
(ispdrshtrrn I , ahdrshrrm 3.
cfbhutsi I , criritsi 2, asdkshz
I,
crsrkshi 2, nstoshi 4,
~ n c ~ iI s, s(2kshi
i
I.
3. Sing. njclis 2 (withoat suflix).
3. Sing.
nyurista 5,
tirahstci I , ctstoshta I .
1. P1.
rtjnishntu
1,
ahhaishma
1.
I,
I. P1.
ccyasuttihi 2,
abl~uts~nrrh
i $2,
(iviksi~mahi I .
2. PI. tistodhwanb I.
3. P1.
Lid~kshata 5 ,
4dl~ukseshatu2, cidhdrshata
I , ndl~17shata
1 , dndshata
S-AORIST
I.
~N~ICATIVE-CO~C~~/~~~.
aneshata I , crn~aisatc~
I,
un~atstita 2 , uyarisata i ,
ayukshatcc 3, drdsata I ,
trlipsatu 3, civikshnta :+,
uv.rtsutcc 2 , asakshatrx I ,
hsrkshuta 21, tistoshatu I ,
ahdsata 3 , {chiishata 4 ,
trhexhata 4.
41,
1st form.
1. Sing.
I,
stosh<i?liI .
2. Sing.
d~kshase I ,
pp?shcnse I , rr~trrisaseI .
:j. Sing. ~zeshatiI , prrshati I ,pcisuti
:(.
Sing. krahsate I ,
trci'sate 2 , darshute I , mdri21ratsati I , yoshnti 2 , ~)trksh<rti
4.
sate 6 , ywtisate I , yccksl~ate
I , rdsate a, ~,ari,sate
I , scikshate I ,hcisate 2.
3. P1. n(iri,saalzte I ,
sante I .
2d form
utikshas I .
3. Sing. ksheshat I ,c hantsat 2 , jeshut
I , tJdrshat 3 , ddsut ( d d ) I , c7rdsat I , ncikshat 4, ?/&hat4,phkshat 2,parshat (Ipar)
1, ( 2 par) l o , preshat I , bhakshat 3, bharshat I , naatsrct 3, yariscrt 17, yhkshat 1 2 ,
ydsat 6 , yiishat 6 , r6sat 3, vdrisat 2 , v67rshat 0 , vgshut I ,pishat I , sakshat a. sdtsnt
I , stoshat 2.
I,
I.
~ ~ ~ . J ~ N C T I V B - C O ~ L C ~ U ~ ~ ~ .
1.
1'1.
1.
stoshcima
Rli/ - T4da.
3.
3d form.
1. Sing.
I , yakshi 4,
ydsi 2 , yarisi
v&risi I , vyk-
sht 1.
Sing. cyosh~h&I.
1 . PI. hllsmahi I.
3. P1.
dhhkshata I ,
vztkshatu I ,
nzarisata ?
rnatsata I , rriuhhata I ,
sakshata I .
2.
1. PI. jeshma
3.
3. PI.
I,
dhdsus
yaushus
I,
C.
hdsus
I.
OPTATIVE.
1. Sing.
cZish.i?/a I ,
bhakshEy6 3 , mastya I ,
mukshEga I , rllsiya z.
2. Sing. rnarislshthci's I .
3. Sing. c2icrshishta I ,
marisbhtcc I, mykshishta I .
2. Dn. tr&'sithdni 4.
1. PI. bhakshCrrtahi 4,
rr~arisfnctihi
3 , varislmdhi I ,
scclcshEm~ihi3.
~MPERAT~VE.
3.
2. Du.
2. P1.
yaushtanz 2.
~ t ~ i s h It. a
Sing.
2. 1111.
rckat&m 1.
rdsdthdm
I.
I1 Porms w h ~ c add
l ~ tslr, to the root
A
INDICATIVE
u k d ~ ~ i s h aI ,mukdrishan~I ,
akramishan~ I , ciparisisha~~z2 , us&isham 2-ukram.im
I
(tor all-rami[sha]m?), rdvishccm I , 7)rFdhZm2.
2. Sing. cckrarnTs I ,
tiv~cdhis 9 ,
2. Sing. agcr!/ishthcis 1,
ccoarshb I , ci~~arhisahkshis
I,
I , krantis apajr~ishthds I ,
tipr.trn)ishthds I , jd~~ishthds
4.
I , oticlhfsz.
1. Sing.
3. Sing. tckrapishtcc I ,
ctt,auishta I , a ~ a t h i s h t aI ,
avasishtu I . cigamishta 1,
cisahishta I , uI1ZI~ishta I ,
ishus 2.
1st form.
1. Sing.
davishd!~iI .
2d form.
2. Sing.
scinishanta
3.
3d form.
1. Sing.
~d6sishurn6.
avZs 2, tdrZs s, barhEs I ,
2. Sing.
n~ccrdi~ks
2, w~oshZsz, ydl,u'is 2, thcis I.
ruradhts 3, vcidhE.s 8, s&vZs 3,
2. Sing.
n~arshishm d t h b I,
yodhis I ,
sphargs I.
3. Sing. apzt I, g&r.it I, cdrzt I,
3. Sing. pnnishfa I,
t d d t I , dddt I , barhit 2, rndti~zt2, vegkt pavishta z, 6ddhish;a I.
I , svcin,it I , hirisit 2.
C. OPT~TIVE.
3. Sing. jal~ishisht(~
a,
out~ishishta2.
I. PI. tCirisI~i~i~cthi
1,
vwndishimcihi I , sdhishtmcihi I .
I). I X P E R A ~ ~ I V E
8.
3.
Sing. aviddhi 7.
Sirlg. crvisht~c3.
I . Sing.
ayd.vi.vhu~r~,
1.
2. P1. aydsishta I .
3. P1. aycisishus I , rc!jt%sish?ns I,
ci'kshishus I .
B. SUBJUNCTIVE
2d form.
3. Sing.
y h i s h a t 1.
!/&ishat
I,
ccir~ishthat? 1 ,
('. OPTATIVE.
2 . Sing.
?tdsisL//thd~
I.
S-~Zo~~sr-conti~~u~d
IT. Fornls whlcit add sa to t l ~ croot.
A. INDICATIVE.
3. Sing. rikruksh(zt I, ngltzckshat
cidukshnt I , cidi~tckshata, cirukshat I .
1. Pl. amrkshdmn I .
3. P1. cEdhuks7bali 3, dh~JCShdt12.
I,
:<.Pl. ctn~rkshartfa~ 2 .
B. SUUJUNCTIVE.
3d form.
2 . Sing.
dukshns
I,
mrkshas
I.
3. Sing.
3.
I).
PI.
rlh4kshata 2.
dJ~7tkshdtiti1I .
I~~ PERATIVE.
2. Sing.
cl/~zikshcisva3.
Du. ~nrkshatuna9 .
3. Du. yakshatdm a.
2.
FUTURE SYSTEN.
$-Future.
A. INDICATIVE.
1.
Sing. manish,t/e
1. Sing.
3. Sing.
I.
stauisl~yase I .
cjanishyate s.
B. SUH,IUXCTIV~:.
2d form.
2. Sing.
3.
karishyd's
1.
Sing. ~rbha?-ish?/at
I.
D1~:RIVAl'IVI~:VJCHBS
I. Causative.
PRESEST
INDIOATIVE.
I,
2. Sing. q/koayccsi
yavaymi I , vdstiyccsi I.
2,
n~al;jo,~yusi
I,
2. Sing. chu~~daytrse
I,
prathayase I, mahayase I ,
nxddciyase 2, sthdpayase I.
3. Sing. kdmdyate I ,
cdtayate I , cetayute 1, pciycrynte I , vartdyate .VIv(rsdyiitr I , ynnzdyi/te I.
3. Sing. d),rciyati I ,
it;gdyati I ,
21-ayati I , cetayc~ti I . cycivciynti 2,
chadayuti 1. drcivayati I , dhciru'yati I ,
pdtayati I , )rsarciiyati 3, ydtayati I ,
rejayati I , va)fayati I , grdvciynti Igrbhdyati 1,prtcshdyati 2, ntathdyciti I ,
n~llshdynti4, skahhdy~itiI.
2. Dn. chadiryathas I , d/scirayc[thas
2. 1)n. irayethe I , tarisI , pdrayathas I , varshaynthas I, vds- ayethe I ,
dhdrdyethe I ,
dyathas I-naydyathas
I.
mciddyet7~eI.
I. PI. (tr~asi)yanzayd~i~nsi
I , czdtI. 11
'.
aycimasi I, cydvaydmmi I , ~scigaycimasi
I, pdraykmasi I , ?rturjaydnzasi I , mahaydmasi I, yoptc!/dnzusi I, ~a??aydmasi
I, vartaydmasi 8 , ~rardhayci~)tasi
z, vdtaydmasi I , vdscnycimasi 4, vedaydv~asi
3, s~dpayd))zusi
2.
I.
2. PI. iravathu I . k o ~ d ~ a t h Ia,
7rc1?/d~twhe
I.
varshayatha I.
:j. P1.
irigayunti I , Itikhriyanti I ,
3. I .
kdmuyante z,
Srciyanti 2, kargdyav~tiI , ku@uya7tti I , citdyante 2 , cycivayante I ,
yldpayanti I , citayanti I , cycivayanti 3, ,joshayar~teI , turayunte I ,
chaddyanti I, ,ja~~ciyanti
I, ddshdyar~ti dhan ayarr te I , dhdpayante
1, patciyunti s, paudyanti 4, pdraya~cti I , dhdrdyitnte 3, pdtdyante
I, marjayanti I, mddayrrnti ~,!/cintaya?ttiI , nlnrjayante I, mddciyante
I , rdmayalati I , rejciyanti I , w s h 6 y a ~ ~ 6t ,i rurihayante I, vdrdyante
I,
rohdyanti I , vartd!/anti 3, var- 3, gubhdyante I , pathdhdyanti 11, v i p d y m ~ t iI , vepxyanti 3, ayar~te I , sctrdyar~te I ,
standytrnti 3, sthdpayanti I, sndpdyanti sddayi/nte I , sGddyaa~teI ,
I.
I , svudbyanti I , har.shriy(rnti I , hAs- ----prushciydnte
a!/anti I.
1,
1st form.
1 . Sing.
2. Sing.
randhaycini I.
coddycisi I , rnr(tiy&si5.
2. Sing. kctnrtiydse
coddydse z, joshciydse
r~~dddydse
3, ydtaydse I.
I,
3,
3. Sing kaktiyati
nzy!d.ydti 2, s11dnydti 2.
2. P1.
chaddydth(r
pdrnyiiti
s,
I,
I.
3. Sing. ahkhiiycita 1,
coduydte I , chal~daydteI ,
dhdttaydte I , 7n cidci?/&teI ,
vartciycite I .
2 . Pl. kfimdycidlave I ,
m iidaycidhve ~---rnfl<Zay(Tdhuai 2.
2d form.
2. Sing.
yod/hdy&s 1.
3. Sing, codciydt I ,pCZr(iydt I , marcciydt 1, sddaydt I .
I . Du. .irdy&va I .
1. Pl. Traydma I ,cai~d~*aydnzcc
I.
1. Sing. irayam 2 , w~cd'rihciyam,I ,
trzahaya~nI.
2. Sing. kopayas I , ghoshd!/as I ,
coddyas s, dipayns I , harhciyas 2, vdsnyas I , pzathayas I.
3. Sing. ikshdyat I , irayat I , ksheprcyat I , citagat 2 , cetayat I , codayut a,
ehadaynt 2 , dhdrdyat 2, pntayat 3, panuyat I , poshayat I , rejayat 3, nartnyat
I , gnrdhdyat I -cihh.uanayXt I n~clthdy(itI .
3. Pl.
~~~arjay(in
j)art(xyan I .
2. Sing. cl/~drdyatli,cis
I.
3. Sing. janayato
2.
marjayctnta 5 , mahayanta
I , ran ciycr~ata
6 , ~t~b/aCFyant/~
I , g~lotiaaya9tta I , gmtlicryccnttc 2 , svadayaratn I ,
htcrayatitrc I , hars/crxyanfrr
I---prwshdynrzta I .
PRESENTOPTATIVE.
Sing. d/~dr<cyes
I.
3. Sing. sp~hayetI .
2.
VOI,.
X.
37
266
.I Auery,
3. Sing. a k a k a y a t I , tikshodtrytlt I ,
3.
acakshu!/ut I , acetclyat 2, ncodayat I ,
skrrhhciyat 2, stabhdyat 4.
Sil~g.
airnyata
I.
CAIJSATIVE-CO~~~~U~~.
ac~c!/crvitccr/cc
2.
2. I'l. civivydlt adhvaru~I.
PI. ttcik-rtcdari I, c4jZjarcan 9,
3. PI. cid(cdrhccrita I ,
apaptan 4 , apiparait I , nv%Ivatrrtr I, ciil~iru~adcrntccI, ctvivaga v i v n ~ a nI, avivipcrr~ I , civivydhan 5, artttc I, civi~>ydhal,taI,
hvocan 6, ciptLprbhon I,j{janu~c3.
tivocar~taI, hsish!/ctdant,r
(Suffix cts) cicucyavus 9.
I,jija?i ai~tccI.
2. Pl.
3.
1st form
dradhd I, uocd 2.
3. Sing. c%Ik(pdti I, A p j . y ) r ~ a fI,
i
vdcati 6, voc&ti I,sishadlit~t~
1.
1. Sing.
ttctcipccts I.
3.
Sing.
1.
Dn. vocd~)ctJcai
I.
2d form.
J. /.A cer y,
1. Sing.
vauytyd'rrt
2. Sing. pupuryiis
vrivytyds 5 , ?)ocks3.
3. Sing. t~ccvytyLita.
9,
:i.PI.
caX.rpcinttc
ctikrnlncunttr z,.j$unu)t ttr
v6canta 4 , sishapnntcc I .
1. Sing.
vaurtiya 3 ,
ooceya s.
2. Sing. s0sahts"shthiis1.
noch!/:co)t2.
I,
ririshes
I,
1,
I,
I.
I . 1'1. ctcc;yuvinc.ahi
vtivytiri~ahiI , vocemahi
I.
2. Da.
uocetc~~rc.
I.
I . vavyty(?rrtcc
(vdcentu I ) .
1.
I,
uoch~t~cc5 ,
I,
2. Sing.
tjocutdt 1.
3. Sing. vocatu I .
I,
S-PUTTRE:
INUI(~AT~VE.
Sing.
2.
ydse
3. Sing.
udsnyish-
2.
dh6ru?/ishyQti I.
11. Desiderative.
PRESENTIND~CATIVE.
1 . Sing.
didhishilrni I .
inakshasi 1 , i y a b h u s i
.figh&ksasi 1, ditsrtsi 5 , n inbhasi
uivdsasi 5 , sishdsusi 3.
2. Sing.
1. Sing.
3,
I,
2.
vivdse 9.
Sing. jigzshase
I.
DES~DERATIVE-~9Ltin~ed.
3. Sing. tilrpsdt 1,
ninitsdt I ,
uivdscit 2.
3. Sing.
inwkshat
1,
cikitsat
1.
3. P1.
upsanta 1, didhishctnta I, si'kshanta I .
1. Sing.
ditse~yurn1 , oivdseywm 1.
Sing. viuhet 2.
1. PI. didkisherr~aI , vivdsema 2.
1. Sing.
3.
PRESENTIMPERATIVE.
v i v h a 3.
2. Du. mimikshatam 4 ,
sishds-
atum I .
3. Dn. mimikshatdm 2.
2. P1. vivdsata 2.
3. P1. didhishantzh I .
2.
2. Sing.
3.
tisishdsas 1.
Sing. ajighd7isat I, asishcisat
I.
didhisheyw
I.
III. Intensive.
1. Sing. carkarrni I, cdkagin~i z,
jdhavfmi 12, darchrZmi I.
2. Sing.
cclarshi I, irajydsi s,
ddrdarshi I , ddrdharshi I.
3. Sing.
dlarti I , irajyhti a,
k6rtikrunti 2, g(~nCgantiI , ccikapiti I,
jahghavzti I , jctrbhuriti I, jo'!t(svWi 6 ,
tartariti I , dardctrlti I , clodhaviti I,
ncintnamfti I , no'naviti I . paputtti 1,
bobhaviti I , ya?iiynrnMi I, rcirapiti I,
r6raufti 4 , vcxrivarti I , vdrvarti I,
vcivadtti I , veveti s, soshavfti I.
2. Du.
1. Sing. jog?rve
I,
di'dhye 2.
2. Sing.
i'yme
16,
coshkaydse 1.
3. Sing.
f'yate 35,
coshkaydte I , ti?tikte I ,
dhdishte I, ncimntrte I ,
~nnrvt~~j?/&te
z, rerihycite
I,
vevijydte I, veviyccte I ,
sarsrte I.
(Suffix e) jdrigahe I ,
joguve I , badhadhi? 3,
hdbadhe 2 ,
yoyuve I ,
sarsri? 2.
2. Du. sarmdte I.
irajyathas I, tartartthas I.
3. Du. jarhhrtcis I, ddvidhvatas 4.
1. PI. nonurnas 13.
I. PI. Cnzahe 92.
3. P1. ddvidyutcrti I, ndnadati 2 ,
3. PI. Z'yante I , tartarhhrtribhrati I , vdrvrtati I.
yante I, dhdigute I , ~rcurmrj?/date 6.
PRESENT
SURJUNCTIVE.
1st form.
I.
Sing. dzdciyasi I.
3.
2d form.
2. Sing. cdk6nas I ,
jalgztlas 4 ,
Du. tantnsaite
I.
I~~~~s~v~-c.o?zt~rzUed
1. PI.
carkird~na 2, c d k ( i ~ t d l ~I , ~ ( ~
ueviddma 1.
3. Pl. dzdhayan
I.
3d form.
decligarii I.
2. Sing. pipes I .
(Without suffix)cd7ccin 6 . d h d a r 4 ,
dart 2.
a n I.
iradhunta I , cak(i?ic~ntcc
i,
PRESENT IMPERATIVE
2. Sing.
cdlcandhi I , r d 7 ~ 7 ~ d h i
(randh) I , (ran) 3, vdvagtdhi I jdgyhi 5 , dardyhi 3, dd'&drhiI , didihi 1 2 ,
dzdihi 17, pipihi 2 , barbyhi I -earkrtdt I-dzdhnya
I , ptpaya I .
3. Sing. dardartu I , mar)~tartuI ,
rdrazetu I .
2. Du. jdgrtaw~ 2 , dldctyattrm I ,
pip?/ata,rl 4.
3. Dn. pipyatci'm I .
2. P1. irajyata 1, carilcramnta I ,
pipyata I , pzpayata I , rdmnta I.
3. PI. cdkcivztw I .
3. PI. pipydtcim
I.
1. Sing.
acd7ccxgtsnt 2.
ddidess.
2. Sing.
2,
INTENSIVE-cmluded.
I,
1.
1,
3.
Sing. pipye
s.
3. g
. ctirkrshe
(" double strrri ").
IV. Denominative.
PRESENTINDICATIVE.
1. Sing. manasyi. I ,
mantraye! I .
2. Sing. ad/uuarfydsi 3, irasydsi I ,
3. Sing. tavishSytise I ,
ishanyasi I , ishudhyccsi I , dagasydsi I , duchundyuse I , durgrbhiprtanycisi I , bhurts?zyasi I , n~anasydsiyase I , nymanas,ynse I ,
I , ratharyasi
I.
makhasytise I , orsh6ytise
3, sukrat.il,yase I .
3. Sing. ayhdydti I , irasydti I , 3. Sing. ajirdyate I ,
ishanyati I , ishudhyati I , ur71shyiiti 4 , ishtiyate I , trrvishydte 2 ,
dzlchundyate I , dhiydyate
.r,pawasydte 4 , n~akhasyate
I ,muhiytite 6 , owasyate 2 ,
."
"
I , valgdydti I ,vithurybti I , ?)rsha.?~yati
I , grathuryati I , s a p a r y a t i ~hzcvunyati
,
I.
2. I)u. u r ~ s h ~ y d t h a
3, s dagasyathas
2. Da. arthayethe I .
I,
duvasydthas 3, hhishajydthas 1,
bhuranyhthas 2.
3. Du. ratharyatm I , saparyiitas 5.
273
Sing. n~cmasydI.
2. Sing. uZ(ciyr7s; I .
1.
2. Sing.
ni!dydse 1.
3 . Sing.
nrthtiydse
I,
u?ilrhQydte I .
3. DII. ~iarivasyci'tas1.
2d form
2. Sing.
urushyh's I.
3. Sing. apasyci't 1, mrushyti't
duvasyd't I , prta.nydlt 2 , vunushyd't
vareyh't I , vus$ydt I , gravasydt
saparyd't 2.
3. PI. suparyd'n I , s a r a ~ y d ' nI .
I,
I,
2,
3d form.
irasyas I , d n a y f s I , rishunruuapyas 1.
3. Sing. duhzycit 3.
3. Sing. pundyata I .
:<. P1. tcsrcc??yun I ,
drcvasyc~n 2,
3. 1
rghdycinta I ,
duh@a,c I , fiamasyan I , saparyan I . rtayallta I , krpci!xnnta I ,
tarushanta I , dlbunrxyanta
I , bhurdjanta I , rucayanta
I , vanuahanta I , sushvltyanta 1.
2. Sing.
yus
3,
2. Sing.
daprxsyes I.
urushyet 3, dapasyet I ,
duvasytt I , sprhayet I .
1. P1. ishayema I , tarc~shetnrr, I ,
saparygnza I .
VOL. x.
38
3. Sing.
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE.
1. Sing.
aspyhnyarn I .
arandhandyns I.
3. Sing. akypa?yat I, aprtnnyat
urushycit 2, darnanyat 1--abhishncnk
2. Sing.
3. Sing.
dpriydyata
1.
aviralyethbm
I.
I.
2.
Du.
3.
PI. ishanayanta
nu.
zcmcshydtdm 3.
3. P1. anamasyan I , asaparyan
turanyan 1 , vapushyan I.
3.
I,
I,
I.
V. Passive.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
1.
Sing. htye
I.
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE.
1st form.
3.
2.
I.
nu.
3d form.
3. Sing.
sci!/trta I.
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE.
2.
Sing. vacytrst~a3.
3. Sing. prcyutdm
2.
3.
I , hiyc/(rtdm2.
P1. yz$~adiLuni)t I.
P1. badhyantdwz I , vcxcyantdw~I, ,urgc,yantdm I.
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE.
3.
:3.
INFINITIVE.
Accusative. (Suftiu am) idham I , &am I , tiranz I, ndnzctm
I, pr'cham 2, nziyam I, y d ~ n a m3 , rcib/~arn3, rhham 1, vigarn I ,
phbham lo, sddarn 16, spealr~I , vareytim 2.-(turn) dcFrtum2,prdsht u m I , Ijl~drtum1 , vo(h?~mI.
Dative. (Suffix e) dje I , iirJe 2, krdme I, grd6he I , cdkshc I I ,
tire I, t%je I , tvishh I, ddhhe I , dige 4, drgk! 25, dltr'she 8, ncirne 2, r~cipe
3, ~ ~ i k s h
I , enhde 2, py'ce I, pfche I , 6hujS 11, 6ht~vS
I, 6hvB I , r,ta/hS 4,
miye I , mihh I, mud6 I , rrtrcshh I , P L ~ A J IL, ~mr'she I, y6ks:JJLe I , yujh I,
yudh8 I , rd6he 4 , ruc8 2 , r%je I , vii'ce I , ?'rye I , vr'te 1. v.ydhk! 33, vide
I , ?lidhe I, vhhe 1, gdse 2, g?/bhh14, sdde 8, sdde 1, sskdde I , skcibhe 2,
stire 3, sprlgt. I , sycide I, stldjc I , h!/B ~-ki~cni 4, dai 1, rrrcxi I , ytri 4,
J. A uery,
INFINIT~vE-w~~%~~~~~.
GERUND.
Hddle.
A. PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
PI,
1. Sing. T. huve 2 ( 2 ) ;
1. Sing. I. usmi 3
ern; [4] ; 11.
tish(l~dmi[6], daddrrti 4 [3], cladhditri 111. zlrne (I)
; IV. yuje
[z] ; 111. Icar.omi I, y u r ~ ~ ~ (j2)t i ;~ iI V . [I], rahl~eI,I~rtaveI, i s l ~ y e
jayanti 2 (I),
~Zhdu(21~1ihhaudrni
I,
( z ) , padye Id], Inu?tye I,
rohR?ni [s], vuddrni I, scjdi7ri (I),
sir2c- I ~ v ~ l y@e)[I].
dirii [dl, pcrpydmi [I] ; V. i c i ~ d m i(I).
2. Sing. I. usi 6 (7) [?I, neshi ( 4 )
2. Sing. IV. jdyase (I).
(imper.), ydsi ( I ) , Aarisi (I)
; IV. trrjctsi
4, uaCkXsi I, sidusi [21.
3. Sing. I. dste 4 , fge s,
3. Sing. I. ntti I , asti 16,eti I 11(I)[I],
lrsheti a (a), dves/r?i I,q t c c ~ r f 4i , pciti 3 (I),caslzte 4 , d ~ h e2 , 6rdte I ,
blttiti 2 (L), !/&ti (2), uashti (s), gdsti 2, yyje (I), g6ste 20, gele 2 ,
stlrtrti s, htrrcti b ; 11. iyevrti (s), ,ja/tAti hrrte 1 1 [I]
; I1
tishthute 3,
jiyh!/ati [n], jiyhrati I, dutte 9, tlhiltte 7, ?niniz"tei ;
I, jigrdti (l),
tisl/:hati 30, dcrddti 2 , cLadh6ti 141, 111. a g ~ z u 43,
t ~
drnute (I),
piparti I, p i b d I, hibi~crrti3, bibhaiti kurutesr, tnirccte 3, cll~ttnute
(bihheti.') 69.6; 111. T C I J L ~ L O .<,
~ ~ (ipnoti I , grnve ,
!I( sunvr (I),
Ii, X.~nott(I),
k aroti 70, tattoti 5 , d h i m t i strnute 2, krt!~ite2, jdnite
I, rictlh~toti36 [I],O T I I O ~2,~ g ~ ! ~ o2t, i 1 , p r t i t e 4 , i))cl/~e
I, y~*&/cte
, j d ~ ~ d5t, ijindti s, prindti 13, g m d t i 1, adate I, arhute (I),/;trZpstr!c,?ti 2, unatti I, chimztti I, bl~ur~rrlcti
ate 14, kdhkshatr 1, krirm3, y u ? ~ a k t i 2, i.i?~al;.ti2 , v ~ f ~ a k . I,
t i trte I, gdhate I, ccryate 3,
pir~ashti I, hbtccsti 7; IV. arjati I , cyavrdte 15,jtrytcte 5 , tcrletrte
urhati 7, a.ytrti I, avati I, ishati (I),
2 , t7Tkshate s, ?,agate (I),
ahtcti 4, Icrdrtzati I, cctrati 9, cardti lso. t~ctyateI, piscvcrte (I),
y u u -
jivati 2, t i p a t i 1s [lj, tctvati 7, [laherti 4, bltrafig(lte I, !/c<jtcte13,rocdrccvati I, ~rakshati (I), niocdati I, trte I,Zubhate 4, var~tlate(I),
r~aijirrti4 , ncryati 7, bhcrj/rti 2, bltarcrti 3, tlirrtate 5, vekshate 1,
biirrvati 2 ~ [.z],
2
w~rocctti2 , ytrjati 90, ydc- vyathate 2, gilcsh(rte I,
( ( t i2, rt~lrsh~itj
I ,rejctti 2 , rohati 16, vad- gob/urte I, 9i.tiyate I, skhal-
(I),vindate
PI,
e,
2,
9,
279
PRESENT SUBSUNCTIVE-IO~ICI?C~PCT
11. ti.rh?h&i
2. Sing.
I,
I [I]
; IV. jaydsi
; IV. rosk-
cifi [2].
2.
atha
I. caycisai 26.4.
2. Sing.
[so.lo]
[I],
I.
1.
stzcshe
(I)
(stush-a-i).
2. Sing. I. I'cshayas ( I ) ; TI. fish?has (1).
3. Sing. I. cvsat 8 [z]; 111. CTFavat
(3) ; IV. nrhdt (I), krdnzdt [I], hardt [I].
I. Du. IV. jayGvcn 3, bhnvdun I,
~ o h s d v a61.6, 11, lfi.
1. P1. I. aydma 6, gdlr~n ( I ) ; TI.
tishthdma I ; 111. dpnavdma 2, tanav(2rna I , s7~navdrna I (s), jdr~icmn I ,
rni~~cima
I , pmnc~&r?zcc
I ; IV. nrc&~la
( I ) , naycima I , bllardnza I , rishliltza (I),
rohdma I , ) ~ a h y d m aI , hcnyci?t~~i
I ; V.
yach8ma 2.
S. P1. V . gachdu I.
11. Y ~ I ~ O ~ / L I&. A
3. Sing.
I. gun I ; IV. karat (a),
3. Sing. I. vshfa (l)[s];
&%sat( I ) , rdclhnt ( I ) , ratjat [I], rohlrt I , IV. j(iylrtu (I).
2. Sing.
aifieat
3.
(I).
PI. I. adau
parisan
[I
; IV. arcax
1, ida an I, spard/ta?t
(I),
I.
(11-
C. PRESENT
OPTATIVE
1. Sing.
pibeyarn
P K E ~ E N~ T
P T
A ~ I V E - L O ~ ~ C ~ U ~ ~ ~
cZr.rchyes I.
I ; IV. hhuvret/~ds(I).
IV. pudyetdnz I.
1. P1. I. sydma I (4) ; IV. tarema
1. P1. IV. jdyerrtahi (I).
(I), niadew~a(I).mahen12 (I),
ruhetna
(z), vidhema [I], huverrca (2).
[PI,
2. P1.
I. gnmfdhvam
3 [31.5].
[GI,
281
PRESENT
I YPERATIYE--CO~ZC~UL~~~
(I),
kuru
4 [
3
]
,
gr?auhi 2 , agdna (2),
grbhnkhi I, rundclhhi
cara
I(,
tardcr I, dtcha 2, clrava
dhanvcn
dhdva 4, naya (2), bhava ( a ) , bhava
\I];
(I),
IV.
[I],
I.)[
I),
v a r t ~ ~ s v1,u grayusva ( 2 ) ,
sZdusva (I), svaclccsva ( I ) ,
jushtrsaa (4), niidasva (I),
vrshasva (l),pydyasva (I),
I~vayasvrx2.
R. PRESENT
PARTICIPLE.
39
L ' R E ~ I ~ ~ - T I'
LI~IIC~I~LE-LOILL~~C~~~(~.
-t~tT)~Lirrr
lo (.z)(2]-atT2 -at2 -ti?~t(t~it
12 -at4 ( I ) -elti I (*aj'(~rn(i!ral,~
1 -IISY(L
I,
-(~rtt(tu
5 -antas I -atis 3 ( I ) -cicZbh!/us I , t1~arrsncc2nci.s 4,
cCkshstuaatas I ; 11. tishthcoc s -arztant I -utr I ctrrtcinas I -rrsytr I -eshtc I ,
-utcxs 2 -arttats lo -crrrtis I , ,jai~ut2 , ~rdClh(rn~(irrCis(I ) ,
Y7',juJ~t~c~tas
2 - a t w 2 , (fadat I -1ctan1 I , tr7ncinu.s
I Z I (u),
Dudhclcrd/~rrt3 -atas 2 , bilihrat I , bibh!/ot I arr~cinm.s(i),6I~d.sisha~rtLi!~(lrrc
-ataw~I ; 111. ~ . ~ T ( V C( I I) I -~at7 ( I )
I -t2s I ,
hh?.d.jamdrtds I ,
kvruart a ut 3, t(trivarr 3 , ditt?ttvorttas I , yqjattlci~ru~
Y -asya 3 -e I ,
sunvttte ( 2 ) -ut(rs ( I ) - ( I I / ~ IU, Sgrh!jatd 1 yat(rnzic7re ( I ) , ? * ~ ~ ~ L ~ I ) L & O L ( . S
-ar~tasa,bhilldarrtus 2 ; IV. (x,t/antr//r~
1 , s -cis I , vacJ~tmdr~cryos
I,
aritati I , kroprtas 2. Icshaytrrrtd ( I ) , vurtamcittus 2 ,
uardhCUTLIIL 4 -atus 5 tnrttis I ,jayatb ~.~,,jiuota,s
urnnuas ( I ) , ~ c t . i L s a r ~ ~ d r ~ ~ a i ~
1 , cflrutntrtas I , tJI~(2i~untinBnt
I ,patarbti
I , grtrya?nii!zc/s( I ) , syctndI -arrtanz [ I ]~ .J L ( ~ I ) (I I-(~nt(nr~t
~I
I -utas 3 , trj~tcirtarr~
I ; Za@~rttdnciI ,
!/qjatcts 3 , rebhcirttus 2, c~cZa?r2 -nr~tror~
I /r~jurrtftrusI , ,jdyanzci'nas
-ctrttii)t I -trttcs I -ccrrttrs 9, i?c/snn2, gafis- I ( 3 ) -crrrt 2 , tapytcrr~cittas
coctcts 2 , pocatyus I ,sidtrc I , surpotus I , I , clipyan~dr~ds
I -cXbllis I ,
srurqut I , harar~ s -nitti 2 , 6 r i ~ a i2~,
yaclytr?,i&ntorr ( I ) -rrsycn
u i p t ? ~ t t[rI~] , S ? : ~ T [LI ] , sp~gur(2 , OII(ayun J. n~an!/(~rrtdncts
I
-cis 2 [ I ] ,
I ; V . rrchtrrj ( I ) , ~ c h u n tI ~
-(rntcts I .
( S u f f i x h t u , i r ~ a ) I.
PL],
~lbudhr,citI , t~ntcrtht~dt
( I ) , ctsftrD?~/~cit
( I ) , atctbhuta ( I ) , cri~~crrlthirtc/
1. Sing.
cr?)drtata 7
i, u ~ ~ a d2.~ r
n~ii/,yat
t
2, ur~edutI , clpatat I ,
i
t 4 , i&slcat(r
2,
criksl~ata I, nlrt7cdatu 2,
I,
I , aari/at 5, (~srerput
3, nsravtrt I , a/~isrutyuta 3, (rd@?y~ttt~opertl-
trhtqtr!yat
tryachat
I,
9,
16 [lo].
( I ) ; 11. adltattari~
; IV. dvattrrrt, I , arr~u~'icatnm
(2).
3. Da. I. a6rQtdm5, fistdm 6 , aitcirr~ 3. Du. 111. cignuvdtdm
3 ; 11. u j a h i t d ? ~
I ;
~ 111. nkurzrtci~r~
1 ; 5, nvmdtdrfi 2 ; 1V. aka@IV. qjayatdm 6 , nhhavatdm 3, avadatdwi etdn? I, ccjnyetcirrt I, avadI , irh~rmtdmI ; V . trgachatdrrt, 3.
etdm I,
nvahet&m I ,
crrt udetdrrt, 3, ajd?yetdm I ,
araanyetdm I, crsyjyetdm I.
1. PI. I. trganma (2), apdma ( I ) .
1. P1.
IV. crdiX;rl~Gmrrhi I .
:<. 1'1. 1. a h o n I , agr~tan( I ) , crgh?/- 3. PI. I. akruta z,
i t ~ r I , abrtcuan 51, i(stuvart 3 , Cyan 6 1 , aghnata 15, ahatlc 2, dsatcr
Gsati 10 ( I ) ; 11. ajahus 5, ntishfharl 7, 6, airatu (2) ; TI. atisl~fh1 0~
; s
111. akuvvan 10, ~ c / h Q v a nr~ntix4, acltrdata I , adaOIJLuhibl~uy~
I , (rrrtinvcrnI , (rrcidhr,zrvarc.I [I], as.zcnvatt ixta 3 ; 111. akurvata 9,
3, tistahJtiitrv(oi 2, tr,rr)r!tva7i I , dpr~uvir~i
~ t o ~ t v a t1 a0 I I], cignuuat~r
7 , .stubl1?t~~iitrc.9s.~,s,
ali.ri!ia?t2, a!y~bh!7n~tI , agrh?rntri 2 [ I 1, c!jdnata
4, ngy/in(c?t I , i~iire,ots, avriijtr~~
2 ; IV. 4, a~n?'uanta
( I ) , a~.zii7jatir
crkrcimari 2. akroga7, I. trctrrixn I , cIja,ytm 4 , aru~~d/tcrta
3 ; IV. ak(t@21,
a c ~ r c t v u5,~ ~altaynn 3, trpcrta?~2 , atzttr I , njayastta.i, atuarnhhajit?t 2, cihhtxrart 7 , abhnvn7r 12, mzta 3, trt7ikhartta r ,
nyajan I, rrrohaic. 2 , C J ~ I ( Z ~ C ~I ,I Iavipan u b l ~ a ~ ~ rI,~ tnhha7~antn
ta
2,
I , avnrdhar~( I ) ,
n?)(r.strri2, auitlciu~ I , (tnzoclar~tuI , a y q j r t ' ~ t t a ~ ( ~ ) ,
aCrnyal2 I, trsicdt~tcI, asvixran I, aitrtran ayrrtir?ttn 9, u~ab/ia?tta6 ,
agtrrisa?rta
2, (jitn I , a~rhirit4 , hhtrrtrrt ( I ) , orsh(rn aliartantir
7,
I , aoL')tCkX)i 5 , it?)ig(xn 3, nsrj:~'(otI , I , ugraycutta 9, nsmc(xntcr
rrsi6c/rn 6 ( I ) , 1ti5julr~190.-1, ttdl~!/Q!/cr~t
3, (2), t~spavcU~a?tt/r
3, rrhct?-ipagyuii lo, ava!/cit, I ; IT.
(rgitcltcr~r13, /01tu2,&rjarc.t(~
5 , udr&trr~ta
tcyat.h/rrr 22, aI'cl~(er~
7.
I , tcnudasctcr I I , ajdyanta
5 , tctd2'~>!/(t?rta
I , ctpadyanta
4 , abudlzya?~ta2,
a~~ta~iynrtttr 3, ahu(~yal?ta
I ; V.
aichtvnta I.
2. UII. I. aitixvi
(I)
PERFECT SYSTEM.
1. Sing.
1. Sing.
&he
3. Sing.
,+je
..
I,
&cEe
I.
lo,
cakre
(I), cakrame z (3), jajfie
3, ,jahre I , jigye
I (I),
jujzcshe (z),
dadhe (I),
nunude I , p a p a t h e ( I ) ,
n~umtcce 2,
lebhe z,
? ? d v ~ d h(2).
e
3
3.
Du. yuyudhdte
1.
yetire 6, rurrcc?)ire I.
E. PERFECTPARTICIPLE.
3.
Sing. asakthds I.
Sing. ctditri I, cwrptu
[z], astrta z.
3. PI. adrgran? (40.3).
SURJUNCTIVE.
ad form.
gds
gtit
2. Sing.
3. Sing.
y51.19],
pRt
1.
I,
sthczs (I).
dGt [z], dh~Ln(t)
I (z)[3],
2.
3.
J f e ~ bfi'o- ~iol,ms
of' the Ahctrep- Brd11n*.
285
SIMPLE-AORIST
SUBJUNCTIVR-~omludc~l.
3d form.
2. Sing.
3.
hhQs 2
Sing. dythds 1.
Sing. dita 2.
1. PI. c?/bimahi ( 2 ) .
2.
3.
[19].
PI. g ? ~ Is ( I ) , sthus
I.
OPTATIVE.
1. Sing.
a~ydm
(~)---hhd?/Bsc~~~
[I].
2. Sing. bht2yci.s (1).
3. Sing. vidhydt I.
1. PI. a ~ y d m a[ I ] .
L. PI. agi9nahi ( I ) ,
s?agimcrhi( I ) .
IMPERATIVE.
2. Sing.
3.
~mcdhi( 2 ) .
Sing. ~astRt[ I S S . ~ ] .
11. Forms which take o as a connecting vowel.
INDICATIVE.
1. Sitlg.
oqarnalr~
I,
ud(zrpat~t 3,
avidartr I.
2 . Sing. avicZm I .
3. Sing. achiclat I , avyc7itat ( I ) ,
avrddhat I ,avidat I , asadcct ( z ) , nsannt
[ I ] , asrprrt Is], ahanat I , ($rot ( I ) .
SUBJUNCTIVE.
3d form.
1. Sing.
hhuvaln I.
hl~uvas[ I S ] .
3. Sing.
grabhat [PI,
bh~tvnt( I ) .
3. PI. bhuvan ( I ) .
2 . Sing.
dushat z,
B. S-Aorist.
I. b'orms which add s to the root
INDICATIVE.
1. Sing.
qj<$san? 1, a7x?tsam
I.
1. Sing. nrcr~rtsi
I , (wits i (\), ccstrshi I .
S AORIST I. I N D I C A T I V E - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L .
Sing. cduishis I ,
nclrBX
I,
2. Sing. gjridsth&~I .
avcirkshfs I , avdtsts I .
3. Sinq. ajuit [I], ayBX~,shitI , a/t(rtr3. Sing.
crc*!/oshfn I ,
tri~~crtjstn
I , asrshta I .
shZt 1.
l."Pl. ctrdtsm/t [s].
: 1
crbl~dka/tirs~.
3 . 1'1. ccl*(isatc~
I ,
nlcyscttc1 I.
2.
Sun.~c.acrrrc
L'd form
I. Sing.
(" d011b16
3. Sing. pcrrshrrt
ydyishe
").
(I)
4.
:3d tom.
"
11)11.
s~ksI~sh,ithfim
[I].
1 ~ 1 1kTIYE:.
1~
ndikshishfa
S-,Lo~trs~-c.onrllcded
~ X D I C ~ ~
.:FI \
8. Sjrrg.
(/!/tisit I .
Srrrrauvc~lVE:
.id folrll
3.
T'l.
jrrdsish trs 3.
1 V. Forn1.s wliicll nclct
TNJIIC
xt
2. Sing.
~rtlrrcks/trtsI .
2. Sing.
~ r r ~ k s h n[ sI ] .
!/ctk.~/~rtt
s, u,rX.sh~dt( I )[ I ]
3.
Sing.
to t l ~ croot
~I'ITE.
INT"TRE SYSTRbIS
A. S-Future.
INDICATIVE:.
:%.Du. klpsyete I .
1. P1. es/~is/r
y&mcts 2 , esh?/drnas 3,
karish?/tirrtas 3, c ~ ~ r i ~ J ~ ~ / $I , r rr6ttu~
s,t/drfitcs [ I 1, vrrks:shy&~,c(rsI , srccksh!/<Znoos5 , stoshydmtcs I , st//d~!/&rttus
3.
2. PI. bh~rtrish!/trthuI
2. PI.
Z/y~s!/~~cZh~~e
I,
/~trrtis/~y,rdhue
I.
I , ~j~i6s!jctnti
ti
I,
3 . PI. y a m i s h ! j ~ ~ ~
<?tisya?~ti
l,.pd.sy(~iifi
I , bhaui,~hynnti2,
pitsisltyrirtt, I , hui.i.s/~y(r~cti
I.
B S ~ ~ L O
I L-(~t~t(r.s
I, liarish!/cxn -2 -at 2 ,
(Suffix ~ T I ( ~ Z ( L )eshis/ccli~ds!/cs~ctas
I, prrtishyutr I, hhavishyat ya~tccinasya z, dikshish[I]
-utas I, catsycrtc I, ~%ak.shyco~
I, yaeccir~as .2,
yaksh(y)garisishyan I, strtsyatt 1, seksl~?yc?/an
3, trrt~dntrs 1 1 .
yatishhatcishycu~I -ur~tcts3, h o s / y ( t r I~.
yarri&ntrs I , Iapsyan~dttus
I, uccdishyamdnccs I.
1.
Sing. a k u r i s / ~ y ~
166.19.
~ i ~
abhavishyat 1oi.10.
3. Sing.
B. Periphrastic Future.
INDICATIVE.
DERIVATIVE VERBS.
I. Causative.
1. Sing. bhukshaydn~i [3],
utrrdhcxycitrti [I], vepaydn~i[I].
3. Sing. c~rclhayati 44, ilayctti I,
3. Sing. kd~,cccyccte ti,
Zrayati I , kalpayati 20, gamayati lo, Icdrayate 3.
ghdrayati 2. chudayuti I, junayati a,
tdra,i/cxti I, tarpayati I, dhdraycrti 2,
pcidrryoti 2, pydyuyati I, hhakshayati
19, bhcfvuyati 9, rr~urcuyuti1, ydttryati
12, ramtc~ccti3 , rocayati I, vdcayati z,
~uartayatii, vdhayati I, veduyati 4,
gurnayati 7 , prdvrtyati I , sdtbyati I,
sdyaycrti I,sthdpc8yuti 39, svadayati I .
3. Du. gctrtitryatus I.
1. P1. bhtrkshcrydttrasi [I], sthdpaydvr~as[ I ] .
3 . P1. crrdlc(rya7tti I, kulpuyanti 2,
3. Pl.
~ncidayante I,
ghdrayanti I, ,janayu~ztiI, tarpayarbti t~~aq'ayante
2, vedayanta I.
3, d%kshnyanti 4 , nabhuyanti 2, pddayanti 4, pdv(xyu?~tiI, pydyai/ti 3,
1st lorm.
1. S ~ I I orcl/~<rytiiti
~.
lo,
,jfi6pa!/Bni
I, pufis/1!/(11i
i I ,s f / ~ f i / ) ( i y h
3. / ;
2d form.
1. 1'1.
h/ctivrt?/l/ti~t//~
I, sf/~dpa!/(irirn
I.
PRESENT()PTATTVE.
.st/t(?pay&ficak2r(/152.16.
P1. sth(?pay&~:~11IL.r11~
158.19.
3. Sing.
3.
AORIST INUI(?~'PI!
L
atyoacrrn I.
2. Sin?. aj{ju~~c~.si
(I),
t u o , I~. ~ ~
2 ( I ) [ I I,
2.
S i r l ~ . ,rtjoccrtltc2s
2. Tlu.
I.
cc(.ildputdrn 6.
:3.
Un.
1.
I.
~ O R I S T SCB.IUN<~TIVE
3d form.
1. Sing.
?)oram(2).
ctf
3. Sing. clicll~cxrut[ I], ~iranr
(I).
:i.PI.
11. Desiderative.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE
1 . Sing.
2. Sirig.
?tinish6mi I.
ningshasi I.
I.
ccpusprdhcth,?t~t
DE~I~)E:RATIVE-CMZC~U~~~.
Sing. fpsuti
buhhdshnti I .
3.
1,
..
./?!lal-i,iskctti z,
2. Sing.
pipiisccte
gu~rushtrteI .
:i.
Y1. didhislta?cte
OShi~atsar~te
I.
1,
I,
I'RESEXT OPTATIVE
I.
3.
Si~lg.
didikshisltetu
I.
F'ERYEC'
2. Sing.
I'
INUIC 9TI\7!:.
(7id(?sithrrI .
Desiderative from Causative base.
PRESENTINI)I('ATIVE.
111. Intensive.
PRESENTTNI)IC~\TIVE.
I.
Silig.
2.
Siug.
1.
1'1.
1te1t~je[3].
iyclse 200.17.
:%.S i n g . veuis/c/iti I .
I . 1'1.
:<..1'1
tto?c?cn~us
(6).
dTdyuti 2.
I'RE~ENT
S UI(.J~-NOI.IVE
dd form.
3:
Sing.
? ~ ~ a r r i t ~I .g a t
inscrh,e
I 13.24~.
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE.
?. Sing.
didih,i
(I).
PRESEXT
P ARTICIPLE
,j@rtcta~i~
I , didyat ( I ) , didh!/atyas
p a ~ ~ i p a t a r t( ~I ,
r)harpnypuntus
uuvuytntis ( I ) , vuvadatas I.
caekittis~cotc( I ) , joJh~6c*c1-
I,
I,
II
ds
(I).
IV. Denominative.
PRESENT
IN~IC~TIVE
PRESENT
SL-BJLNCTIVE
1st form.
I . Sing.
I L ! / ~ I ) ; ~ / L2. U I J ~ ~ I ~ ~
2. Sing.
yopd!/at[.2], urzuntruya
PRESENT
I YPER~TTVE.
2.
Sing. yopdyatu
[4].
I.
2. Sing.
uiru?/uscl(cI .
PRESENTP IRTI('1PLE.
ctrtitiytrttrs I , tleoer!/uttt(r.s I
(ti).
V. Passive.
PRESENT
INDIC
l nE.~
iclhytrse (2).
dpycttc; I , icl/q/trte (z), rtcyntc 13, rtl/~yutc)a , kriyatt 18,
lit'iyctt~I , kshtyate 2 , klcyciyute I , !/nrri!/ccte 2, !/i!/cttefi, y~liycrtt 2 ,
chidyctte I , j~lti'yute 3, tdynte I , ~kcth!/at~
I , tlhTyate sfi, tlhriyote 1,
)lT,~/(~te
( I ) , pctcycrte I , pz?ryute 2, bkriytrte I , /t/T!/ute I , I I L L L C ! / U ~
3, ytgyrrte 2, rieyate I , rcipyrrte 2 , Ictbityate 2, ri@/cite 2 , ~ns?/afc
1 5,
l:is/tyote 3 , sicyute ti, s~jycite2, hQ/!/ttteI , h dycite 3.
3. 1)u. cccyrte I , l~riyetc.3 , ricyete I , Fctsyete 4 .
3. PI. dpyaljte s, uc+ytrrtte3, upytr?ite z, /;ri!/trrctr 5 , grityat~te
.I, ~!r~'iyat~t(l
8, ~tlycrttte3, ~t~lrc,ya)/te
I ,yyj!/(orte I , rt/tl/cyantr z, gusyawte 23, srj!/ctnl*e3, .sie'!/~t?~te
5 , /~?Z!/(tnte
( h u ) I , ltijy~rrrte(hd,/~tvi)1 .
2. Si~ig.
3. Si~rg.
I'REs~~:N~'IFIPLR
3 . Sing.
cl/~t!/attirl~
5.
11I \ F:.
3. Sing.
tcceti ( I ) , qjcxrci
15,
( I ) , asti~iiI , vkei [ ~ I . ~ , I J , I ~ ] .
adl~tiyi@), upddi
I,
(nyoji ( I ) , tn~o('i
VI. Infinitive.
l'nssive. ( S l ~ t ftn)
S
( I ) I -tds ( 2 ) , trstr I , lipttuttrs 3 p16
i ~ ( ~ J ~ ~ L2 I-tarn
-td 2 [ I ] ps I U ~ L p 2 -tdrrz 2 -tdl~dnzI -tesl~uI , itcc c2 -ttrs 3 ( I ) pa
-ttrtr~1 1)1 -te 28, i&'(fJbccs 2
c3 -&nsyc~ ( I ) , isJ~itasz -td 2 -tmvrz I
-tiis ( I ) , ishfnm I S [3J, t ~ k t aC I -tas I 1 ~ 2 pcz cl -td I -tali&5 p7 -tnsjycr
I -tciyti))c.
3 -te 2 , uditcc cl -tas p6 -tunz p3 -tdm 2 -tGycZ?rc I , /ttdt)i 1,
4 , /~!IL/cs
2 , k ~ t a s[)I
(111)
-It? I ) I - ~ C C7 I(a)
? Lplo c3 -t(fycc s cl -tr ti
-t&n ( I ) -teshrc I , k p k t ~ P~I s -tam 2 , klptms p~ -trn~?ccz -tena I -te 1)1
-tt7s 2 pl -t&i I ,krdratcn 6 -tarla I -tdrti 2, k r i t a t ~I ~-ttfyu I - t c s g t ~I
-te 2 , krvsJitus 2 -tar// 2 , Xhydtrxn~I ,gtcttr c2 -tas a 111 - t n n ~2 ( I ) -te 3
-tdyd?tc I -tityor 2 -tds 2 1,1, !/ittts pr -tds pz, gyhgtms p a el, !/~hIc;Ztas
C I -ttis I - t t h i I -tar/ ( a ) , citas 1'1,
tayutas 12
])I
-tci I c1 -turn I
-td 16 [ ) I -tcit
2 -tds 2, jdtas 3 ( 5 ) 1)1 C ' I - ~ ( I )6I (I3 ) -tdytc 4 -tus?/tnI -tds 2
..
-tdnd?)cs,,)~l'i:p1 -tun) I ( I ) pl, jusJt$ii cl,j$tns rl - f n m (cs),jr?dtAsI ,
-- - - -- --
* A c deuote>
--
--
- - irt
- --
.
.
prctlicate.
( S u f f i xtavya) tr~itavyartc pn, ishite~ayawt pz, ~shfno!/nrnI , LYIT-tcruyus 1 p~ -yc2 I -ytr?~iz 1)3 -ye I -yuu
-yds 2 , cbaritacya?n l)z,
e7cftavy d I , cJrogd/~avyc/tuI , pattalqy(rnl pz, acrcIittrv!/cr~~tp2, pritsta?*?/crsz p4 -ta?~yeipz -tav~eot/p3, / L O I ( I O Y ~ P 1)to
~ ~ -tnv!/e p?.
( S u f f i xtvu) jtmituan2 I ( I ) .
( S u f f i x y e ) &pyk I [ I ] , Tkshyatan~ccrnpl, iciydycc ( I ) , ~tcyasps
pz, kirtyaw, I , $/iryam pl,
-yeen/ I 115 -yeis P I -ycl~iip3, k~t,yu?~h
guhyarn s, jlleyan~I , d ~ t y u n ipt-2, dhphyt? 2 [ z ] , clheyu~ttz, peyarn
IN, hoi/c?h!/asI , bha~-!/nsn
I ,nlec7hyci I -yda 171. r~~dh?y/rs
1". t~cjc(yer~~t
1)esitlerativc.
( S l l f i ~ t v d ) (227t/)(?17, ;~h$?)(2
10, 16ktl)d 3, ?>$h?)(?
1, k r t ~ d16 111,
c/crt?rd 6 , yr?til?~dI , caritvd 2, ji~pit?~ci
2. jitvd 3, jrlcittrd I , tccpttrd 2 ,
kuttvci 3 , dtlgd/lv(i 2, d~s?tt?~ci
1 1 , d/tdtvG I , patitvd 5 , pitun I [ I ] ,
bh12tociss, ycicitcd I , vitt?~ti2 , ?~r.shfodI , gcrsturi 13, grtttad I , siktaci
I , sr.sh?c~/c
3, hattr123 , hit?rd I , htrt?rci 5 , hyt~rdI .
(Suffix ?/a) ~ I G ~ L2,L usya 2 , ripytt 2, itycr 16, tsc?ytr 4 , ~tdytc2, ?4p?/tI2,
u.sh!/rr I , rlh ycr 9 , kcrlpycr I , krtya 3, /c~ttmycr7 , khddya I , khydyci 1,
qutya I , gdyrr 2 , yirya I , gtiqyrr 2, g ~ h y 2o, !/rrrth!/a I , crtytr I , c-hiciyct
3,.jfi@a
3, tcrcyrr 1, cld?/a 8, d ~ t y u
I , drgyn I , cirtl',ntycr2, dhciytt I I [I],
d h ~ t ? / f2,l niycx I , budhya 6, b/~c!jyaI , bhQ!/cr I , bhrtycr a, lnit!/a I ,
m/tC?/el2, ~ ? U S / L Y ( I1, ?)2rshyu5 , T L L ~ J L ~2,U rGd/tya 2, rtljya 2, rucl/cyrr
I , rlrhycr 3, rahyrr I , r~cp?yaI , Zubh?yrr I , I7~pyu2, ?~alh!/tr
2, v i ~ y t c
2,
Ort~/aI , gisk yet 4, sac/?/rr (?), aic2ytt4 , srj!/ct 2 , stir!/(t I , sthciyu 6, hiiytr
2 , lll??/cr 4 , JL?-f!/tt
3.
I%FTA(~AVI\I)C~P~A.
PRESENT SYSTEM.
.I rtive.
Jfidtlle.
A. Palrsss~1 ~ 1 ) r c n ~ r v ~ .
gurisasi N I R I , ~ o c n s iN I ; V. ic.htrsi
V 6 R7, hr/tvishi n l .
VOL. 1;.
41
1st form.
1. Siug.
111. X.ar/cvCini N I .
1.
PI.
wiuhui
IIT.
karuvd-
NI.
2d form.
1.
~ 2 .
C PRESENT
O PTATIVE.
I. vidy871i N I R I , -syci?~c
132,
1 . Sing. 111. bh~~?Tji!ytr
J~an?ycin~
B I ; 111. cipnuyciln 131, l c u l : ( / f i t ~ t N I ; IV. uarteya N I .
N I 131, jQna?ycin? N? B I , hk~(;j?ji?/Ci~~~
N I ;
IV. k<cl.teyug~~
N I , tyc<jryali, N I , 6/t&//eyam X I , sprgeyarn N I , pap/r?yant V I ;
V. gc~che?/nw/NZ.
S . Sing. I. brt?!/ds N I .
2. Sing. IV. tyujethtis
N I , 6havethQs N I , 614dhyetkds N I ; V. ichethtis X I ,
pychetht7s N I .
1. sing.
sZdeyus BI.
2. Sing.
I. cc~kshva
~ 7 1314, pcidhi B I ; 11. tishtha NZ 135, dehi 111. kurushvu ~ 3 BI, yy~C-
>I;
111. ku15zc ~ 8 BY, cir~zchiN I , p~!t?rshoa NI, *j<Pnishvir,X I ,
dl~varnNI.
d. )'I.
I. bi*~ructrttuX I , !/Cintu ~2 ;
111. kttroantu N I ; IV. kshaw~ar~tu
NI,
tyajat~t~c.
N I , yatantu N I ,
rakshcir~tu
N1 Bl, C ~ ; ~ / XN4.
"IL~U
d.
~ 3 ,
I. ~ J L I L C C ~ BI,
~ L Sdoishantas 131 -atcrs BI, (Suffix mdr~tr) IV. a!6ruaa1~
~ 3 -ce~tta?t~
N I -a~ttyds
N I -atas amCir&~(s
N I -urn ~ 2 ,Zks11N I , y d ~ ~ t a N.m
L -antas N I , gdsutcxm N], amci??&ydsN I , ishccn~drt(2
pvnsau NI, sarr 13.2 -at? ~ 3 -at 132 - a t m B2 N!, eshan~cipciN I -(AWL N I ,
-at; X I BI -antus BI, svapari B I ; 11. 7irar~c7amcir~drr~
NZ, gras-
1. Sing.
X I , atxt,suvib X I .
2 . Sing.
N1.
Sing. I. /~?/Ci.t
2 4 ; IT. atishfltat
aCktdhdt K1 ; 111. C!X^CITOC N3, aty?zot
tydrt,dt s . 2 ; IV. akcxrshut X I , akrop
cxt NS, acurat s t , udapat X I , ctdr(rvat xs,
atihdvat x1, a?~(x,yot
x 2 , tibhr*trrrt lo E I ,
nrohnt Y I , au(zsnt 1\77, r~pupafX I , uguasat
XJ, [ls?.uvat X I , dsnt X I , auipnt N5 R I ,
(IsI$~
S l , t7papyUt N R B2 ; V. ir!/trchat
N.5, ~lhruoitN 5b B'i, nyuc+hat X3, dsit N6
aichat NI.
3.
K3,
\-I,
3. Sing.
I. c2sttr
NI ;
:i.PI.
3. 1'1.
111. ak~crvcrttc
trdraua~r N I , (rpatan v l , N I R I ; IV. adravanta N I ,
tcbhacrctn ~ 3 acrrqjot~
,
N I , ~ ~ c L ~ !N/I (; I abhcish(/ttta
IL
X I , ichysh?/u~lV . crgnchnn s2, apychan NI.
ta XI.
NI
IV.
SYSTl4:M.
PERFECT
INIIICATIVE.
PERFECT
veda RI.
4ttha R I , vetthm N I 1t2.
:$. Sing. dha vz ~ 2 2 ,&pa NJ, iyrshw
1 . Sing. ge NJ, c a k ~ ( t ~ t ~ e
212, to*kca~ b ~7 4 3 , ~ v d s a
N I , cakrQm(c X I , cakre N I , cahhame
vz, cac.db N:, j@dn N I , jtrgcintu N 12, X I , cacakshe X I , .jqjCe
jaaqrdho ~ b ,cjajvAla N I , ,j(~hlira ~ 2 N, I , jahyshe X I , ttrsthe
~ e b?rhud/ie
N I ,
vav(ct~deN I , v ~ t u ~ d k e
1.
Si11g.
2 . Sing.
3.
atccs
XI,
tctsth-
:i,
Du.
c:i?)igciteX I .
cl(~cZ/imatusN I.
C~(I~IAN
Y I,
( z ~ l d ~ N4,
~ ? t d~Ctd/L%(~N1,
NZ,
NI,
N3, S(ISTj)tCS N I.
AORIST SYSTEMS.
A. Simple-Aorist.
I. Forms
111
w l ~ l c the
l ~ cnd~ngs:Ire added directly to the root.
INDIG
4TI\
3. Sing.
a!p?t
E.
2, Siris.
k ~ t h t i sN I .
N. as .I
co~lncctingvowel.
INDIC
4TIVL.
trgunl((n2NI.
agtcmt~t~ 6 .
ugurrLaTb X I .
1. Sing.
3. Sing.
3.
n.
SUB .T~JNCTIVE.
::cl form.
2. Sing.
,qar/tcts r r l . peas
TI
uz.
B. S-Aorist.
I. Forms wllicll add s to tlrc root.
INIIIC
~TIVE.
1. Sing.
(r~rrtushot)tI : I .
SUIUTNCTIVE.
3d form.
2. Sirig.
bh(1i.s N I .
11. Forn~swl~ic.lladd is?^ to t l ~ eroot.
SI-HJI-NCTIVE.
2. Sing.
uyut/~is/t;/ttis
lil.
FUTURE S Y S T E M S .
A. S-Future.
IN~ICATIV~.
. eshytirni X I , kariskyGnti
1. Sing.
tQ~sye R I ,
/iI~ydsydn~i
N I , gai~iishyiimi us, Icurishye N I 131, dhdsYe N I ,
grahbhyhmi N I ,jGQsy6nui N I , d6sycitrii modishye 111, yakshye u ~ ,
~5 131, dekshydwti N I , drukshydmr N I , yatishye N I , yokshye ~ 2 ,
dhdsyGnli ~ j narikshydmi
,
N 2 , praksh- yotsye uz,
vukshye 1 3 1 ,
!/&mi N I , bhuvishytir~iiN 7 , ?/CisydmiX I , sthdsye N I , huvtishye 131.
yotsycir~xi R I , vaksJbydrr~iH I , ? ~ t ~ t s y R m i
~ 2 vetsydmi
,
N I , ?~ekshyci'rrci
N I , ~roshydmi N2.
2. Sing.
dpsyusi vl u6, eslc?/ctsi '2. sing. druksh!/cxsenl,
N I ~ 3 karishyasi
,
~ . 132,
2
khydsyusi N I , pats!/ase N I , bhoksh!/(i,se
.jGcisyctsi ul, tc~rishycisiN Z , draksIb?/asi ul, mokshyase 134, yokshv.2 R I , ~~ahks/zyasi
R I , bhuvisI~ytc~i
N3, ycrse XI, ruhsyase N I , lapmokshy(rsi N I , ydsyasi & I ~ i uakshyasi
,
syuse N I , ~ctksItyase 1 3 1 ,
N I , wutsyasi W I , vasishyasi R I , vekshyasi yipsyase N I .
N I , ~roshyctsiul,
harishycrsi xl, hdsyasi
1. I
YJ,
Bl.
~-Fu~uR~-eonc~uded.
bhavish!/dmus
N I , (Zekshycrltti
3. 1
ci(7syarzte
d//crrisJ~?/tr~cti
N I , bhtrvi.c/rytrnti 8 1 , r~tarisya~tte
IH.
~ ~ a X s l ~ ~N I/, a~itrdishya?~ti
~~ti
BI.
3.
RI,
NI.
rshycrte
RI,
81,
B. Periphrastic Future.
TNI)IC 4TIVE.
Sing. ktrrtds~rtiN I .
2. Sing. gnwtdsi NI Irl, jf~tdsi n l ,
bhavitdsi NI.
3 . Sing. gantd NZ, ,jet&N I , d4td X I ,
cirash?ci X I , net2 X I , bhrtvitci ~ 7 132.
1.
DERIVATIVE VERBS.
I. Causative.
PRESENTINI)ICATIVE.
2.
Sil~p.
rttlinaytr.si N I , mohcryasi
var.dl,rrynsi N I , 9136s-
81, yojayatsf u l ,
ayari ~ 2 .
3. Sing. lid9tc?/ctti~ 3 dyotayrrti
,
N I,
3. sing. clhdraynte 132,
di~&ra!/crti
N I, bhukli:s/~a?/ati
N I , mohayati bh&sa?/trte
ua, hlddaycnte N I .
R I , varta?/atiR I , ~ o s h ~ r y a
131,
t i satxjoyati
RZ.
P1. Icbclayanti
vj/athcxyci7~tiNI.
3.
N3,
NI,
di~draya??ti
CA~S~T~v~-contir~ued.
PRESENT
OPT 4TIVE.
vcisayes N I .
3. Sing. lcuthayet N I , kci~ilayetN?,
cdlayet R I , cintayet U I , janayet B I ,
joshayrt R I , vwrccyet ~ 4 sddoyet
,
RI.
2. Sing.
chzt-
NI
N I.
PERFECT ~NUICATIYE.
3. Sing. arcc~ycimcisaN
~ 3 Xdraycimdsa
,
N
I ,eshaydrrlds(r
I , katha?/ii~~td,sa
N I,
L~s-shun/rcydi~t&,su
N.L, yhosha?/A,n&saN I ,
cirttuy&mdsc~NS, tjaja,zaycimdstcIY I , t(ct-kccydt~tdsa ~ 4 to.shuydmdsa
,
N I , dtrrgcl!/cimBsa 332, dh&ray&rt~&sa
N I , ndyaydririisrc N I , ?todayfi~~~Lisa
N I,
p7t-
3.
Sing. trgvcisa?/atcrN I .
l r y ~ i ~ ~ ~ dNs Ic, r p.djaycir)tdsa N I , ycjtsydmiiscc N I , v d d u y t i n ~ ( ~ sNuI , vtrraydrn(1so NZ, vartcrydmdsa N I , vrgaydrtttssa N I , gdtclycirncistr " 1 , godhL I ~ ~ Y ) L ~ . SN
( II , gt>(?.~(~yd'/f~(7.~(1
U I , st/icjj?U ~ ~ T ? L ( ? S ~N2.
I
1. Sing.
kathnyishyiirrt i N I I J I
I. I
.
vara!/ish?/e
n d g m / i s / t ! / d ~N~Ii, hhrcrf~suyishydtt~i
\I,
N2, gdtayishye h l .
moccxyishydrni R I , vur.ayis/~?/&mi
NI.
3. Sing.
ndgayishyati N I , ~ ) ? l j cryisl~yatiV I , varayishyuti iur.
3. r'l. kathayishyanti 131.
Periphrastic Future.
INDICATIVE.
2. Sing.
darga?/it(lsiH I .
11. Desiderative.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
2.
Sing. cik.irshusi N I .
, j ~ i v i s / ~ d m UaIs.
1. 1'1.
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE.
2. Sing.
111. Intensive.
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT
/d,qarti
3.
Sing.
3.
PI. ?jdg~C&ti
R1.
ul.
titikshasva U I .
IV. Denominative.
PRESENT INDICATIVE.
3.
Sing. 11t6rgdr)r.iX I .
tapasyasi E I .
Sing. astiywti E I , glccitayati R I .
11
' . gopdyanti ~ 2narrzasycnnti
,
XI.
3.
Sing.
1.
1.
2. Sing.
3.
2.
Sing. Iakshsh*yeN2.
Sing. wq-gayase X I .
3. 1'1.
arthayante
Bl.
PRESENT
O PTATIVE.
arthayet
NI.
PRESENT
IMPERATIVE.
2. Sing.
bkshoyn
2. Sing. ganayasva ~
XI.
2 . PI.
2 .
,mygwyadhvam
N1.
PRESENTPARTIL'IPLE.
3. Sing. ntantray6nadsa
nyQnzRstr ~ 4 .
NI,
S-FUTURE
3.
PI.
ayishyalcti
kirtayishyunti
NI,
n ~ ~ g a y d n e nNaI .
sdntv-
~NDICATIYE
my-
NI.
V. Passive.
PRESENT
~N~ICATIVE
2. Sing.
cl~gyaseN2, clhriyase N I .
3. Sing.
dpyate us, ijyrte 132, ucyate N I ~ 2 7 , kriyate ~ 4
kligyate N I , garnycrte R I , g ~ h y a t eR I , .jkyate R I ~ jPyute
,
7x2, jfidyate
w2, dcrhyate N I B I , digyate N I , &.yate ~ 3 ,d2ryate we, dygyate N 2 ,
dhi?/ate B5, dt~riyateN I , badflyate ~ 4 m
, trcyate 1c2, mviyate N I B I ,
yujyate RZ, mbhyate H I , ricyate 8 1 , lrbhyctte B I , lipyate ~ 6 lzyate
,
N I , vidyate N5 ~ 9 vriyate
,
B I , gishyate ~ 6 gudhyate
,
N I , safi~te~ 3
sQyate B I , hnnyate ~ 2 hriyate
,
HI.
,
N I , d ~ g y a j ~ ~t e 3 nwc,
3. 11
' . kriyante N I , jdyante ~ 3 tapyante
y a v ~ t~ ~ 2 saijante
,
HI.
PRESENT IMPERATIVE.
2.
3.
Sing. yujyasvu ~ 2 .
S i r . ds!/nttitrc X I , i(y(lt(7"i)lN I , kriyatdrrc
td/tiyc,tdna
,
NI.
307
NI,
adfryata
NI,
adhiyata
Causative Passive.
PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
3. Sing.
namyatdne
kathyamdne
NI,
HZ,
PRESENT
TMPERATIVE.
N I , veclyatdm N I , vepyatdm
dhdryute riz,
NI.
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE.
nodyarr~cZ?liisN I, varnyarrc$~zesh~r
NI.
VI. Infinitive.
vdrccyituns N I , gvdsccyiturn N I .
Denominative. rnygnyit?cm N I .
VII. Preterite Participle.
P R E T E ~ TP
E ZRTICIPLE-~Ont~nue(1.
N 6 p l R ~ -trr?ic
I
~5 u 3 116 -t(211c
X I -tas!/cc h 3 -te s.2 -tiis r\i2 u p 1 C I - t d l ~ i
%C!, k ~ t f lN C e 1 t C l tlls N 3 t l 1X ('1 -td N I 1 , 2 - t t / ~Nl 5 p.5 ('I 133 111 -tdt
N C I -te \ r
tcfs \ I 111 - t d ~ i\{.I -tcirti \ I , k~shftrsx I -le?ta s ~krdnttc
,
NCI - t ( ~
PU'Z ['I BI -t(i
111 -te N'L, JiZ&r~t(ts
N I , klishtarii U I , k s h ~ t d s
v p l , kfrydtas NZ -taiie R ~ -t&s
I
N ~ I gatci
,
K C I O R C I - -tus -us ps R I p~ C I
-tti x2 p4 C I -turn i s 5 p a ~ 3 w2 c 3 -ttirn X Y -te?t(~n c l -te N S -tctzr w p l -tRs
XI p 6 u 4 p* -td?b uz u c l -tci!/d*r~
X I -tes/ttt \ 2 , yit(cnb R I , guptdrn XI,
(~d$httsX I , !/rtfstcSnx A I , yltushftZrrr X I -;tir~ 3 I , ccirit~N I , calita
u c l , citrcrn 81 -tdrn N C I , cittas ucl -tiis R C I , cby?ctasX ~ I j, dta N C I
-t(lSE l -td X I -tct)tZ 111 -tasyCZ R 3 -ttiS Ul>I, ,jit(l U C I RC6 - t l i ~N 4 p 3 1%1P L ,
Jusr'ctc~?nX I, j~?c?t(~
\'GI
-tus 3 2 -tcS N I -t(ui~x 3 -te ~ 2 tat(tnz
,
RI p 4
,
N I -tarn u~ PI, ttts/lfcts us, typta RCI -ftcs R I C I
-tas B! t h i U ~ I tc(ptti
-tds N ~ I ,t yakta u t 2 uel -ti? vs, trcr8tcc \ C I -td ~ 2 d<~yclf~a
,
RCI
-clhas N I C I . (klttij N ~ -ta1)1
I
R ~ - It h R I , c ! ( I s / ~ ~ X
~ II, sdig(lJ~ci
~ ( L NVI
-dhayd N C -dhiiit
~
u ~ dish;cis
,
u 2 -;k u 2 -;tctr~iv3 up], dzpta R C ~
-td W I
-tUllI R3, ~ ~ L S / LUI,
; ( ~drjfh(L
S I ~ R('1 - ( ~ / L ~R1,? YdL~ s h t aN C 5 C p l RC2 -$as
v l p b c p l R ~ CII -td YPS -$tirn UP^ -;em N C I -t6s u p l , drzcttrrn N r -te
N I , dhC?to R C I , flltytcl~rrx p l , /r,rshfcrNCI -?(IS
~113
- ( U I IN/ I pl -te X I U I
-teh N ~ -;dl&
I
111, ttitii l \ p ~
-tcol N I , 1117ttcI W I , pyshtas z l p l , p i t t ~u c l
-tus N J - ~ A I L ( CN I -tau u I -tiis \ I , plutcrs XCL -td N I -tan( X I -tiihJrydnt
X I , bttddl~a::
R I -d/tt%mT I -c?htis H I , h/tilktccs us c 5 -t<i- up1 ($1 -tam ur
-tic!/(/ RI -ttis u 4 C I -tt%niR ~ I-teshri rr1 (.I, b/tita i5c1 -tus x 3 u c ~
-t(%s 4 1)1 -t(?tit X I -tdni BI, bhdtet R C I Lets NCI 1 x 1 -trrm S(.L uc.~
-teshu R I , ~ / L TN~I ,<bhr-~tshttc
~s
ht.4 - p t s 31C I 131 e l -{ii N ~ -tcr?ir
I
AI
-;km N C I , b h ~ ~ i n t dN sI RCI, mtcttri N I , rr~tntcts~ y -14
5 R ~ -Lt a i ~
R ~~ Z
-te BPI -tds R ~ I ,rnytcmr RI -ttcs?/a r r l , mita U C I , rrtukta ~ ( ' 21x2 -t(cs
3 1 B 3 , ) l l / ? r 7 / l ~ N C l BC6 -!ihas RS
N 2 B6 pl -krm > I BCI -t<6~?Jcl
131 -tc?~
-cZhe//uN2 - j f / t d ~
R 6 -@&n f i t , !/(it((N C ? B e 1 4 - 8 ~ sN ? -t(1?72 S 1 R3 C1
-tetsya BI -tiis n i pl'-t(cis T I , ycitir i5el -tas U I 1)1 -trtr13N I -te N I -ttis ns,
yukta EC8 US X 3 R l J 1 ) l 0 6 -tail, N 4 -tdlfi \ C I -~H//CL-tU~yCc
R1
B l Cl
-te BI -t(2s X I R C ~-tiin xcr -tires u> -tci)c(71,11 % c~ i (-tatccnzc~sir1 -incis
I%]), rcikt4 X I -tam, v~ t(i^n~
~ 3 ratas
,
-IJl~iini
u c l , Iabdftas N ~ -c7/1d
I
r r p l -clh,(c,tr~)~
E I , l@ta x c l , Z?q)ta u c ~ ,
lubdhas R I , viktcc u c ~ ~3ish;a
,
Y C I -;r/s ~ 5 I)I c.2 w p~ CI -;a \ I c 3 -;am
X I B I -;dbhyas N I , vita r r c l , vita (uyt?) I ~ C I-tas W I -t(i v l -tart?.X I -ttim
NCI -tais vc.1, vrtrns Y I p 5 B I p~ -tci ~4 C I RCI - ~ C W
XII L
C I HJ p 3 -td?n N2
c 4 -te ~ 2 -tiis X I u p 1 C I -tuis N I , v ~ t t NCI
a UCI -t((su I I)? C I ~ 3 -tnnt N 2 P I
(.I -te NI R! - t d ? ~
u2
i , U ~ ( ~ C Z ~ LYCVCI -dh(tsBI -dhaii~R ~ -elhe
I
u 3 -dhtis ~ C I ,
~ a k t a sN L U I , g q t m N I , gjshta \ C I UCI -;(i( N ~ -font
I
i s 1 p~ BI -@a X I
-tiiyn N I -!cis R ~ -;ais
I
N C I , ~ U ( Z I J L C (RCZ, ~rabc7htrrnN I , ~rdwtasN I -td
~4 -tam Y I -tasytr Y Z ~ 2 -te N I -tau N C I , pritus R 3 -tam X I sn -tiis B6
-tctis X I , g ~ u t uNCI -tus ~2 p 2 -td v 3 -tan1 ~ p 2u p 1 -tasya R I -tcl?cu p 1
- t d ~ t Ni I PI, saktu NCI R C -~tns it5 -td NI -tarn BI p~ -tds w -tdnt?rn 131,
srttrs ~ p -tCi
2 IIPI - t & E~l , i , S T S F L ~ ~ C
> I -@t)t BPI, siktds NI, S ~ ~ I ~ RPI
~ L U S
-tllt,(lnci71cEL, sttptari~X I -t&?ix 1\17 -te N I -tCiyCirr~N I ,
cz -dhasycc
YI c 1 B6
PRETERITE
PARTICIPLE-CO~ZC~UCE~~.
-t$s N I u y ~ ,
vri$itds X I , g d k i t t i V I , sdcittcs X I -td N Z -tan? N ~ I sevittc
,
s c -tam
~
(Suffix n u ) k f y ~ a n %
v c 2 , gldnusya XI, C ~ ~ L P L INJ
L ~ -1LUm
S
NCZ -TL&S
N2, chinncx R C ~ , dilza NCI -TL&
N2 -%am wi -ndm ~ 2 -n&s N I
,??nlLtGN ) ,
NCI RCI -nd N6 -77as N5 - I ~ U R3
W L-ndm N I -rLe N I RCI -rids uz -na,t,
pQr!ta N c ~RCI -?~drnN1 -fie Nl, hhirtmi. R I , mdtl(lrr~U I , yci.rta BC1,
littas R I , vi,q12c! NCI UCL -TI($N.2, ~ i t O ? tUCI,
i
~h'nctsX I -?h&qc$?r~
N I
,
sartntc RCL -nencc R I , stzrndn~N I , hinas X I -/tam N I ucz - P ~ ~ I Imi
L
c1
-nau NI.
Causative. (Suffix ta) arcitiirti N I p ~ (r~;jita?n
,
NI 111, arditattL N I ,
arpitcn UCZ, Iritas vpl -tam N I , knthittott v l -t6s X I , kargit& ~ C I
-t&m N C I , karshittrs X C I -ttZ N I C I -tdtt~N C I -tdr~iN I , I'isha~yituUCI,
clargitam R ~ I degittcs
,
N I , dhurshittis NZ, i~dditurn
s2 0 1 , ndgitttrii BI,
pdtitds N ~ I p!/dyit&
,
N ~ ) I , bht2vittcs 1tc1 -tds U I C I , r r ~ c i ~ j i tVd
I ,~ ~ ~
lr~ohitas~ 4 -tn11~BI -t&?r&
N l -tds R I P I ,
yqjftns NCI r r l , rcfjitattr 31
-tdrn N I , v(2ritd X I , v a ~ j i t a sBcZ -tnrt~~ 3 132 -tds BPI, vartitali~BI,
~ o b t ~ i t t~c3~-tdm
i ~ N I -tds N I , grdvittcs N I , s&dit&N I .
Desiderative. Q~sitct::~ 3 - ~ & IXIII.
stabdha
NCI
Denominative. urthitanr
pctshpitam
NI,
Zakshitus
NPI,
~1 p l
-td
VIII. Gerundives.
IX. Gerund.
311
Ve~b-h$ectio7~in ,Sa i t s k ~ i l .
mdrn
m o o w
v / ;
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TTerh-Inflection7'12 Sanskrit.
GENERAL SUMMARY (OFPERSONATI FOR&~S).
_ _ -.
.
_
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Intensive.
Desiderative.
Simple Verb.
Denominative.
--
indicative
6,271
total
PERFECT-SYS.
indicative
subjunctive
optative
imperative
Pluperfect
2406
7ti
40
41
44
899
355 ....
..
....
...
total
SIMPLE-AORIST
total
$;-AORIST
indicative
s~tbjunctivc
optative
imperative
....
.......
....
..
..
3 .......
.....
56
.......
....
total
$;-FUTURE
indicative
stibjunctive
imperative
Conditional
...
...
....
total
PERIPH.-FUT.
indicative
20
20
total
-
TOTAL
'
.....
--
20,281 il,l?d2,076
.---I-.-
1 .
--I,,<- -1
---
1 ...........
I
1,315 459 167
! 1
--.-I
I--
--
I--
~ .
. . --
.
p
.-
320
J; Avery,
GERUND.
-
I A : B I--c
-I--
suffix
PARTICIPLES
ACTIVE.
Future
Preterit
Gerundive1
AND
GERUNDIVES (B
MIDULE.
AND
OKLY).
PASSIVE.
--
30'
--
Predicatively.
--
' Predicatively, 3.
"0.
- --
do. 5 .
--
Simp. V.
p-
Caus.
-
indicative
optative
imperative
Imperfect
future
Conditional
Denom.
-
....
....
42
:
PERFECT-SYSTEM
indicative
:
AORIST-SYSTEM
indicative
opt. (precative)
Desid.
1'
....
........
These were noted by Mr. Hdgren by the way, when he was engaged in looking
carefully through the texts in illustration of another subject, so that he cannot
vonch for the accuracy at every point of his collection and enumeration; but the
statements are at any rate correct enough to help cast light on the proportion of
the fornis of the verb as they appear in actual use. The preponderance of optative
forms over all others in Manu will be noticed as a striking peculittrity. Mr. Edgren
notes further that finite or personal verbs occur nearly three times as often in
Bohtlingk's translation of the Cakuntali as in the original, notwithstanding the
literalness of the version.
LIST O F
an^ A.
uksh A.
aghdy A.
akkhay A.
ae A.
a j A, R.
ajirdy A.
a@' A, B.
at C.
at A.
ad A, B.
adhvariy A.
adhuary A.
a n A. B.
anniy A.
a p x y A.
a m A.
amitruy A .
a r A, H, C.
ardtty A. B.
1 arc A, B.
3 arc A.
arch B, C.
arj A, B, C.
arthay A, G .
ard A, C.
ardh A, B, C.
1 arsh A.
2 arsh A, B
arh A, B, C.
av A, B.
1 a~ A, B.
2
A, B, C.
a ~ v ( t yA.
1 RS A, B, C.
2 ns A, B.
asdy C.
a h A, B, C.
ap A, B, C.
dr A.
ris A, B, C.
i A, B, (2.
i (in, inv) A, B.
id!/ C.
idh A, B, C.
cadray A.
THE
VERB-ROOTS
FOUNI)
1 ish A, B.
2 i;vh A.
3 ish A, B, C.
4 ish C.
ishanay A.
ishany A.
ishay A.
ishudhy A.
ishsh.12~A.
5 9.
iksh A, B, C.
inkh A.
ing ,4.
,$' A.
t(l A, B, C.
k A, B. C.
& A, B.
k h A.
t1h C.
u A.
uksh A.
uc A, C.
ud A, B.
ubj A, B.
ubh A.
u r w h y A , B.
ush A, C.
Bnay A.
arjay A.
urnu A, B.
1 dh A. B C.
2 dh A.
~ g h d yA.
T ~ AY
ej A.
edh A.
esh A, C.
kundkay A.
kattl~C.
kath C.
kan A, B
kain A, B, C.
karnp B, (>.
1 kar A, B. C.
2 kar A.
3 kR? A, B.
I kart A, B, C.
2 kart A, B.
IN
k a r ~A, C.
1 karsh A, C.
2 karsh A.
,kal C.
(ka@A, B, C.
kdhksh B, O.
k d ~A, C.
ktrtay C.
kup A, C.
Iculciyay A.
kdj C.
kd[ A, B.
kratdy A.
k r a d A, C .
krap 4 .
krarn A, B, C.
kr&h A, C.
krqc~A, B, C.
klum C.
lklid C.
'kli!:C .
kshad A, B.
1 ltslun C.
iksham A, (.:
kshar A, B.
kshal C.
1 kshi A, B.
a k?~
A.i
!:I kshi A, B, C.
kship A, C.
ksl~udA.
k~hudlLC.
kshgu A.
khad B.
k h a n A , B.
klLcirl A.
khid A.
khud A.
khyci A. B, C.
ga?zay C .
gatiy A.
gad C.
gum A, B, C.
A, B,
AND
C.
I gar A, B.
2 gar A.
3 gar A, B, C .
gardh A.
garh A.
1 gci A, B.
2 gd A, B, C.
gdtuy A.
gdh A. B.
gup A.
gur A, R.
guh C.
gopdy A, B; C.
yrabh A, B.
g ~ a hB , C.
g r m A, C.
g ~ dn, c.
ghar A, B.
ghm A.
ghdday C.
ghush A, C.
ghrd A, B, C.
caksh A, B, C.
cat A.
cad A.
canasy A.
car A, B, C.
caranty A.
cart A.
cal C.
cdy A.
1 ci A, C.
2 ci A.
:I ci A, B.
4 cit A, C.
cint C.
cue A.
cut B.
cud A.
cesh! C.
c l ~ u'4, R. C.
1 chad A, B, C
2 Chad A.
chalay C.
chid A, R, C.
janh .A.
jan A, B, C.
janty A.
jap B.
jamhh A.
1 jar A.
2 jar A .
:I jar A.
j m A.
jd A.
jarmy A .
ji A. B, C.
jinv A , B.
jkv A, B, C.
ju A.
jur A.
jush A, B.
ja A, B.
jarv A.
jeh A.
jfid A, H, C.
jrnay A.
jyci A, B.
jramhh A.
jri A.
jval C.
tans A.
tfhk A.
t a h h A.
ta!l A.
tan A, B, C.
tand A.
tandray B.
tap A, B, (3.
tapmy C.
tam A, B.
tar A, B, C.
tarwhy A.
tark C.
tard A, B.
tarp A , B, C.
tarsh A, C'.
tarh A.
tavishty A.
tavbhy A.
tij A, C.
tilvildy A.
tu A.
tuj A.
tud A.
tur A.
turany A.
1 tug A.
2 tug A.
tush G.
tarv A.
tyaj A. C.
Eras A , C.
trd A. C.
tvar B, C.
tvG-?LA.
tsar A.
dahg A, C.
daksh A.
dayh A.
dung C.
dan A.
dubh A.
dam C.
damnny A.
day A, B. C.
I d~rrA, B, C.
2 dnr B.
darp A , B.
d a ~ gA, B, C .
cEarh A. C.
darmy A.
das A.
dah A, B, C.
1 dB A , B, C.
:i dd A.
d& A.
d h A.
div A, B, C.
dig A, B, C.
dih A, C.
11 dt A, C .
1ZhAi,B.
dtp A, B, C.
clu A.
duchundy A.
dudh A.
chgybky A.
duvasy A.
d ~ A,n B,
C.
duh A , R.
duhty A.
devay A, B.
dyut A, C.
drd A.
dru A. B, C.
clruh A, B.
drd A.
dvish A: R, C.
dhan A.
dhanv A.
clham A, B.
dhar A, B, C.
d h r s h C.
1 dhd A, B, C.
2 dhd A, B.
I dhrtv A , B, C:.
2 dhdv A.
dhgdhinv) B.
dhiydy A.
dhi A, B.
dhunay A.
dlud A; B. U.
cML?nd C.
cihyci C.
dhraj A.
chruv A.
chvais A.
dhvan A.
naksh A , B.
nad A, C.
nand A. B, C.
nahh A . B.
nam A, B, C.
namasy A, B, C.
nart A.
n a ~ dB.
I nu$ A, B, C.
3 nag A.
nus A.
nah A. B.
nctdh A.
nij A, B.
nid A.
nk A, B, C.
2 nu A, B.
3 nu A.
nud A, B. C.
ned B.
nrmannsy A.
nyttikhay A, B.
pac A , B . C.
lyan B, C .
' 1 pat A, B, C.
' 3 pat A.
ipaci A. B, C.
pan A.
Ipanasy A.
! 1 pa,? A, B, (1.
I 2 par A. B.
pare A , B.
parg C.
pag A. B. C.
1 pa^ A, B.
3 p d A, B.
pinv A, B.
pihd A.
piC A.
pish A.
11 pk A.
2 pi A, B, C.
kt(, A , C.
ptY A.
putrty A.
push A, B. C.
pushpy C.
pa A . B, C.
p2j c.
pytundy A.
prtany A.
praksh A.
prach A, B, C.
iprath A, B.
prct A.
priydy A.
prk A, B, C.
pru A.
pruth A.
p m s h A.
lplu A, B, C.
lphan A.
lphar A.
handh A, B, O.
2 hrwh A , B.
h&h A, B.
budh A, B, C.
bra A , B, C.
hhaksh A , B, C.
bhaj A, B. C.
hhafij A , B, C.
bhan A.
hhand A.
hhandanrty A .
bhnr A, B, C.
bharzi A.
hhns A .
,b/?i,dA, B, C.
Ihhds C.
hhcish B, C.
hkilrsh A.
bhid A, B.
bhishajy A , B.
h h i A. H.
bhish A.
bhuj A , B: C.
hhur A.
bhuraj A.
bhurany A.
bhii A, B, C.
1 bhiish A.
2 hhijsl~A.
bhyas A.
bhraa A.
bhram C.
bhrag A. B, C.
hhrdj A, B , C.
hhri A.
bhresh A.
rnatih A.
makhasy A.
moj C.
rnajj A, B, C.
m a ~ !C
l.
mad A. B, C.
ma% A, B, C.
mammy A.
!n~onriyA.
'mantray A, B, C.
!math A, B, C.
m a d A.
1 mar A, U: (!.
2 rnar A.
mary C.
marc A, B.
rnarj A, B, C .
mard A.
a, c.
TILUT~
vtardh A.
marg A, B, C.
rnarsh A, C.
?nah A.
a ma A, B.
:I ma A, C.
mdnavasy A.
m&rg C .
1 m i A, B.
2 m i A, B.
miksh A.
?nigh A.
rnith A.
mid A.
n ~ i s hA, C.
mih A.
mu A.
nzuc A, B, C.
mud A, B, C.
mar A.
mush A, C.
T ~ L UB,
~ L C.
mrgay A, C.
~nokshB, C .
myalcsh A.
mrrzksh A.
mrad A.
mruc B.
yaj A, B, c:.
yat A, B, C.
yam A, B, C.
yas A.
yd A, B. C.
yac A, B, C.
ydd -4.
2 yu A, B, C.
3 yu A.
yuj A. B: C.
yudh A. C.
yup A. B.
radh A.
raksh A. B, C.
ruj A, C .
rathary A.
rad A.
radh A.
ran(ran) A.
rmndhandy A.
?.upA.
rape A.
rabh A, B, C.
ram A, B, C.
rah 0.
1 rd A, B.
3 ra A.
rdj A, B, C.
radh A, B.
r i A.
rikh A.
vie A, B.
rip A.
ribh A, B.
rip A.
rish A, B.
rishapy A.
rih A.
rk A.
1 ru A, B.
3 ru A.
I.w: A.
ruj A.
rud A, C.
1 rudh A.
2 rudh A. B, C .
ruvany A.
rush A.
1.uh A, B, C.
riip B.
rrj A.
lakshay C.
lnjj' B, C'.
lap B, C.
labh A, B, C.
likh C.
likg C.
2@ A. C.
lili B.
It A, B, C.
lup U. C.
Iubh A, B, C.
lok C .
vaksh A.
vac A , C.
vacasy A.
va6c A.
vat A.
vad 11. B, ij.
vadh A.
vadhwy A.
van A, B.
vanan?;A.
vanusTi A.
vanushy A.
vand A, B, C .
1 vap A.
2 vap A, B.
vapushy A.
vczm A, B, C.
1 var A , B.
2 var A, B, C.
varivagy A.
varey A.
2 varj A, B.
varn C.
wart A, B, C.
vard?~A, C.
varsh A, B.
varh A.
valg4y A.
vavray A.
vap A, B.
2 vas A.
3 was A.
6 was A, B, C.
7 vas A.
8 vas B.
vas2y A.
uasnay A.
vah A, B, C.
1 vd A.
2 vd A.
6 vri A, B, C.
vbc A.
v+ay A.
V U ~ K I L A, C.
vdr A, B, C.
vic A, C.
vij A , B, C.
vithury A.
1 vid A, B, C.
:I vid A, B, C'.
vadh A, B.
6 vk A.
&ray A, B.
vUuy A.
vyshany A.
vrshriy A.
ven A, B.
nep (:.
vyath B, C.
1 vyu A , C.
2 v y i A.
vyac A.
vyath A, B, C.
vyadh A, B.
vraj C .
vrad A.
vray A.
vracc A.
vrddh A.
vrid 0.
vlny A.
;vE B.
(cartsA, B. C.
pak A, B. C.
paLk C.
pad A, C.
Cap A, B, C.
1 p r r ~A.
fz,i,
C.
gas A, B.
1pd A.
2 gu A, B.
pis A, B, C.
1 !~ikshA, B.
2 ~ i k s hA.
p%j A.
gish A, B, C.
L'i A, B, C.
~ u A,
c B, C.
pravmy A.
grLi B.
pri A, B, C.
p i s h A.
~ rA.
i
1 cru A, B, C.
2 p u A.
crush A.
c;lish A, B.
pvarZc A.
pus A, B, C.
~vcA
i .
cvit A.
saksh A.
sac A, B.
saj A, B, C .
sad A, B, C
san A, B.
sap A.
sapary A
swr A, B, C.
surany A.
sarj A, B, C.
sarp A, B, C.
sap A.
sas A.
soh A, B, C.
sLi A, B.
sidh A.
sdntvay C.
si A, B.
'sic A, B, C.
1 sidh A, B.
2 sidh A, B, C
s2v B.
su A, B, C.
sushvay A.
sukrat &y A.
sii A, B.
sac C.
sad A.
sev A, C.
skand A, B.
skabh A.
sku1 B.
sta~rA, B
stabh A, B, C.