05 en PDF
05 en PDF
CONTENTS The new agreement on CAP reform reached in 2013 is the fruit of
three years of reflection, discussion and intensive negotiation. While
continuing on the path of reform started in the early '90's this deal is
historic in many respects; for the first time the entire CAP was
1. INTRODUCTION reviewed all at once and the European Parliament acted as co-
legislator with the Council.
2. CHALLENGES &
OBJECTIVES
The new CAP maintains the two pillars, but increases the links
3. CAP BUDGET
between them, thus offering a more holistic and integrated approach
to policy support. Specifically it introduces a new architecture of
4. EVOLUTION OF direct payments; better targeted, more equitable and greener, an
POLICY AND enhanced safety net and strengthened rural development. As a
SPENDING result it is adapted to meet the challenges ahead by being more
efficient and contributing to a more competitive and sustainable EU
5. NEW FEATURES OF agriculture. This Brief gives an overview of the reform and outlines
THE CAP the “why and how” of the new CAP 2014-2020.
6. HOW THE KEY
OBJECTIVES OF THE
REFORM ARE
ADDRESSED
NEXT STEPS
2014-2020 2014-2020
Ceiling Ceiling
(Current Prices) (2011 Prices)
70
50
in billion EUR - current prices
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2010
2019
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2020
3
Chart 2 shows CAP actual payments from 1990- 2012,
4
commitments for 2013 and the new MFF ceiling from 2014- Member States below 90% average Pillar 1 payments/ha
2020. may transfer up to 25% from Pillar 2 to Pillar 1.
Farmer
o max 65% of average
Scheme
direct payments (first ha)
*Young Farmers Scheme
up to
o up to 2%
10%
o +25% payments (max 5
years)
max.
*Green Payment 1250 EUR
o mandatory 30%
o greening practices or simplified
equivalent
*Basic Payment Scheme
o no fixed percentage
o 5% degressivity over Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development.
150 000 EUR
* Compulsory ** Voluntary This is mirrored by internal convergence
within the Member States. Payments will no
Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development.
longer be based on uneven historical
references of more than a decade ago but
The performance of the CAP will also benefit
rather on a fairer and more converging per
from a more balanced, transparent and
hectare payment at national or regional
more equitable distribution of direct
level.
payments among countries and among
farmers. The reduction in disparities of the In addition Member States will have further
level of direct payments between Member possibilities to rebalance payments with the
States, known as external convergence, introduction of the redistributive payment,
will reinforce the credibility and legitimacy of voluntary capping and degressivity
the support system at EU level. (reduction) of payments, beyond the
mandatory cuts which will apply to the Basic
The level of direct payments per hectare,
Payment above a certain threshold.
which is currently based on historic
parameters in many countries, will be
progressively adjusted with the introduction
of a minimum national average direct
payment per hectare across all Member
States by 2020.
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This takes account of the budget cut and external
convergence and is based on potential eligible land in 2009.
Actual payments per hectare will depend on the number of
hectares on which claims are made. The baseline is where MS
would have been in 2020, had there been no external
convergence and no budget cut based on the Commission's
MFF proposal.
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EAFRD: European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
The 2013 reform is potentially one of the most significant ever undertaken. In the
coming months important decisions will be taken at EU level to implement the new CAP.
For Member States, in addition to drafting their new Rural Development programmes,
they will also have important choices to make concerning the Direct Payment schemes in
time for implementation from January 2015.
The list is long - transfers between pillars, capping and degressivity, regional
implementation of the Basic Payment Scheme, internal convergence, greening
equivalence, young farmers and the optional schemes (redistributive payment, coupled
support and for ANCs) as well as the approach towards sectorial cooperation and
contracts.
The challenge will be to strike the right balance between effectiveness and efficiency and
keeping the rules as simple as possible. In taking these key decisions Member States
have a responsibility to make the most of the opportunities offered by the reform to set
out future strategies for their agricultural sectors that will ensure their competiveness
and sustainability over the long-term.
Legal proposals
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cap-post-2013/legal-proposals/index_en.htm
Impact assessment
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/policy-perspectives/impact-assessment/cap-towards-
2020/index_en.htm