Rights and Duties of Employers and

Employees
 Each day, employees and employers work together to complete tasks and projects for businesses.
Both employees and employers have rights and responsibilities that are standard based on business law.
Employees who understand their rights and duties may reduce their risk of being mistreated by their
bosses. Conversely, employers who are familiar with their obligations and allowances may manage more
effectively.

Power
 Uslegal.com explains that, with the exception of contractors, employers and employees in the United
States usually operate under "master-servant" relationships. This term means that a master (the
modern employer) has some amount of power over their servant (the employee). Employees under
master-servant relationships are obligated to recognize the authority that the employer has. This
doesn't mean that an employer can do anything he wants just because he is a "master." In fact, business
law protects employees from unfair treatment. If an employee feels an employer is abusing his power,
the employee usually (but not always) has the right to file complaints and express his opinions through
options such as picketing and striking.

Regard and Respect

 Employees are supposed to do all of their work with regard for their employer. This means that they
don't abuse the employer's resources and that they follow guidelines the employer puts in place. It also
means that they look at their work from multiple directions and apply any skills they have toward the
project. They approach work in a developmental way, seeking new skills as needed to benefit the
employer. Lastly, they review their work and ensure that it meets quality standards. In return,
employers are supposed to respect their employees. This cooperative relationship is known as mutual
trust and confidence.

Health and Safety

 Business law states that an employer has to give an employee a work environment that is free from
hazards. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides standards for employers
that explain how to do this. Employers must follow these guidelines or face fines or the closure of their
business. Employees have the right to report violations of these guidelines if they are present.

Hours and Pay

 Employers don't need to offer the same amount of hours -- one employer may offer 10 while another
offers 50. Employers typically determine how many hours they need worked and then hire someone
who is willing to work that number of hours. However, according to the United States Department of
Labor, under the Fair Labor Standards Act, most employers must offer employees the federal minimum
wage or better for the first 40 hours worked in a week. Overtime is required for any hours after the
initial 40. The FLSA doesn't cover some workers such as tipped and student employees, as shown by
workplacefairness.org. Furthermore, some states have "right to work" laws that prevent employers from
firing employees or withholding pay based on the employee's decision to stay out of or join a union.

Loyalty
 Businesses suffer any time a competitor steals away concepts or human resources. For this reason,
employees are supposed to demonstrate loyalty to an employer. They aren't supposed to divulge
company secrets or divide time between two conflicting jobs. This doesn't mean that an employee can't
look for other job prospects. It means that an employee should be upfront with their employer and
respect the privacy and business goals their current company has.

Fairness
 Employers should treat their employees fairly. Federal laws such as the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and
1991, the Americans With Disabilities Act and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1990 make it
illegal to discriminate during hiring, training and complaint hearings based on factors such as race, age,
gender, nationality or religion. States are able to pass and enforce their own work fairness laws that
expand on the federal statutes, according to employeeissues.com, however, so there is some degree of
variance on workplace fairness from state to state. Employers who violate fairness laws may be sued
and fined.

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Project Manager Duties and Responsibilities

A manager is someone who manages the five M's of a business, namely men, material, machine,
money and motivating factors. A project manager receives formal project management training
to deal with any project, closely related with construction, architecture, telecommunications and
other infrastructural projects. Project managers also manage the projects related to the fields of
design, sales and services. Basically, the job description of a project manager is that to manage
the project that he is assigned with. Hence, be becomes accountable for both, starting the project
as slated, and finishing it on time. Project manager duties and project manager responsibilities
are the guidelines for effective management.

Difference Between Duty and Responsibility

Duties and responsibilities go hand in hand. However, there is a fine line of distinction between
the two. Duty is a task performed by a person out of his job profile, and responsibilities are
obligations for which he is accountable. All duties may not be responsibilities, but all
responsibilities are duties. For example, it is a manager's duty to manage the task, but it is not his
responsibility to pay for someones mistake. Project management is associated with imparting the
duties and responsibilities for a manager. Duties of project manager and responsibilities of
project manger have been studied by many management experts and are made to suit the
business in the most effective ways. Those aspiring to be project managers have to learn to be on
an eternal vigil, develop a vision, take proactive decisions and understand the diversity in
training. Project management is a discipline of planning, organizing and managing a specific task
and bring about its completion with excellency.

Project Manager Duties

 It is the manger's duty to supervise and coordinate all the activities.

 A manager has to see to it, that the task is performed to the fullest of the efficiency.
 A manager has to plan out an organizational structure to bring out ease and flow in the
task.
 He must suggest new policies and modifications in order to reform the nature of work.
 It is his prime most duty to participate in meetings, discussions, project site visits,
workshops and hearings.
 A manager has to prepare bids and proposals for the prospective clients to expand
business operations.
 A manager should provide full information to the accounts departments and auditors and
assist them in case of difficulty.
 He must determine the resources required for the purpose of production.
 He must has keep preparing status reports and presenting them to higher managing
authorities for scrutinizing.

What are the Responsibilities of A Project Manager?

 A project manager has to deliver the performance with better success rates.
 He should be able to lead his team and bring out the best in them.
 It is his responsibility to perform and give with truth and honesty.
 By the virtue of being a manager, he has to maintain confidentiality.
 He is responsible for establishing easy communication between the employees and the
higher authority.
 In case of emergency, he should be able to solve problems for his team members.
 He is responsible for good team building, which is defined by success.

Companies can take the help of several project management software to establish an effective
management. A project manager roles in a project vary with the nature of the project. He needs
to mend his ways and methods to suit the requirement. The main responsibilities of a project
manager are motivation and to provide encouragement his team members. He is the main source
of motivation for them, which is the base of any successful project. Leadership responsibilities of
a project manager give the employees a direction, accelerating the pace of the work.

10 Rights of Service Business Owners

 You have the right to price your services right!
 
2.     You have the right to raise your prices at any time. 
 
3.     You have the right to say No to those who “only want to pick your brain.”
 
4.      You have the right to set boundaries that are in line with your integrity!
 
5.     You have the right to terminate conversations with others because you
don’t feel that your experience is being respected.
 
6.     You have a right to charge clients a late fee for not paying you promptly.
 
7.     You have the right not only to charge more for rush jobs or jobs requested
over the weekend —you have the right to say No to doing them. 
 
8.     You have the right to make mistakes, missteps, learn, and do better next
time.
 
9.     You have the right to have fun and enjoy your business

Rights and responsibilities of project

stakeholders
n last week's tip, Active stakeholder participation, you were introduced to Agile Modeling
(AM)'s definition of a project stakeholder. Stakeholders include anyone who is a direct user,
indirect user, manager of users, senior manager, operations staff member, support (help desk)
staff member, developer working on other systems that integrate or interact with the one under
development, or a maintenance professional potentially affected by the development and/or
deployment of a software project is such a stakeholder. This week, I'll discuss what I believe are
the rights and responsibilities that project stakeholders have -- rights and responsibilities that
everyone must respect for your project to be a success. These rights and responsibilities are
modified from Karl Wiegers' book Software Requirements (see Resources). In the book, Weigers
focuses on how to successfully work with system users -- whereas here, our focus is expanded to
include all project stakeholders.

The rights of project stakeholders

1. To have developers learn about their business and objectives

2. To expect developers to learn and speak their language
3. To expect developers to identify and understand their requirements
4. To receive explanations of artifacts that developers use as part of working with project
stakeholders, such as models they create with them (e.g. user stories or essential UI
prototypes), or artifacts that they present to them (e.g. UML deployment diagrams)
5. To expect developers to treat them with respect
6. To hear ideas and alternatives for requirements
7. To describe characteristics that make the product easy to use
 8. To be presented with opportunities to adjust requirements to permit reuse, reduce
development time, or to reduce development costs
9. To be given good-faith estimates
10. To receive a system that meets their functional and quality needs

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The responsibilities of project stakeholders

1. Provide resources (time, money, ...) to the project team

2. Educate developers about their business
3. Spend the time to provide and clarify requirements
4. Be specific and precise about requirements
5. Make timely decisions
6. Respect a developer's assessment of cost and feasibility
7. Set requirement priorities
8. Review and provide timely feedback regarding relevant work artifacts of developers
9. Promptly communicate changes to requirements
10. Own your organization's software processes: to both follow them and actively help to fix them
when needed

Shareholders Duties
Shareholders should make sure the company heads in a direction they support.

In a business, shareholders wield power, along with the board of directors, executive officers
and the chief executive officer (CEO). Sometimes, shareholders even have duties to perform.
The specific duties of a shareholder depend on whether he is a minority or majority investor.
Shareholders with fiduciary duties only obtain them in certain situations, but the changing
economic world is giving all investors more implied duties.

General

1. In general, the corporate world believes shareholders have no fiduciary duties to a company
because they merely invest in a company passively. In addition, the board of directors and CEO
hold the same motivation for profit as shareholders and receive compensation to improve a
business. However, it is important that investors follow the performance of the business and its
share value. One of the most important duties is to express confidence or disappointment in
company leadership (called activism) and issues such as mergers, by voting at shareholder
meetings.
 Majority or Controlling Shareholder Duties

2. A shareholder or shareholder group holding the majority of stock in a company usually has total
control over leadership and decisions. Controlling shareholders have a legal responsibility (called
a duty of loyalty) to make sure that their decisions are fair to minority investors, according to
the American Bar Association. Typically, keeping fairness means the majority owners refrain
from actions that could devalue a shareholder's earnings. Most disputes over fairness involve
the majority holders voting to let the company buy back shares only from the majority holders
and/or attempting to reduce the role of minority investors with a merger (known as a freeze-
out).

The doctrine of fairness that the courts follow gives minority investors the duty of challenging
any objectionable actions by the majority in a court of law. In such a challenge, the majority
shareholders have the duty to prove the legitimacy of their actions. However, the minority
investors have the duty (or burden) of proving unfair actions if the major shareholders prove to
the court that minority investors approved an action after receiving all pertinent information.

Potential Activist Duties

3. The rise of large pools of investors that control significant shares of a company is starting to
muddle the idea of duties of loyalty normally ascribed to majority shareholders. In 1992, the
Securities and Exchange Commission reduced the restrictions on activism by proxy investors,
such as hedge and mutual funds, according to the Legal Workshop. This allows proxy investors,
even those with a minority holding, to make public pitches for the direction they believe a
company should go. In addition, pools of investors can more easily communicate with each
other and coordinate their voting to wield even more power. Whether the courts will apply the
fairness doctrine to powerful minority investors remains to be seen, but UCLA law professor
Iman Anabtawi believes the courts should hold all investors to the same standard.

Rights & Duties of Shareholders

Shareholders are responsible for tracking the value of their stock.

Owning stock in a publicly traded company is one of the most common, and potentially
lucrative, financial opportunities. By investing in a company, shareholders become partial
owners and can profit from future successes. Stock ownership also entitles shareholders to
certain rights that members of the general public lack until they too become investors.

Right to Sale

1. One of the primary rights of shareholders is the right to trade stock at any time. A shareholder
may sell on the open market, through a broker, for the current value of the stock, which may be
 more or less than she originally paid for it. Shareholders have the right to sell stock at any time
regardless of the performance of the company.

Voting

2. Shareholders in a public corporation may vote at the company's general meeting, which is
where certain policy and personnel decisions are made. Shareholders often have a say in who
sits on a company's board of directors and may be able to weigh in on the hiring, firing and
compensation of executives. Shareholders who don't attend the company's general meeting
have the right to vote by proxy by submitting a form that authorizes a shareholder
representative to cast votes at the general meeting in the name of shareholders.

Information

3. Anyone who owns stock in a company has the right to accurate and timely information about
the company's operations, expenses and earnings. Most companies supply this information
through press releases, earnings statements and an annual report, which features in-depth data
along with information about future projects and business plans.

Choosing to Invest

4. Deciding to invest and choosing how much to invest in a company is the first responsibility every
shareholder faces. This requires the shareholder to consider the company against its
competitors. Good investors consult many resources, including financial planners, finance
publications and the Internet, to determine the degree of risk involved in a stock purchase.

Tracking Progress

5. Shareholders are responsible for tracking the progress of the companies they own. Besides the
information companies supply about themselves, independent analysts offer opinions about
whether a company is more likely to see its stock rise or fall in value in the future. Knowing
when to sell, or when to invest further, is based on responsible research and awareness by
shareholders