Subha Final
Subha Final
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In the current situation of the technology all the devices has been established
as the wireless controlled machines which is being used in industries, factories and
hospitals. Any equipment that can be controlled wirelessly is more easy to
maintain and it responds very fast comparing to the manual operation .Smart
generator monitoring system is used to control systems and machines to reduce the
need of human work in the production of goods, service and Industry. Smart
generator monitoring system is used to control the generators in industry or
hospital in case of Emergency. Industry/hospital automation is one of the most
exciting developments in technology for the home that has come along in decades.
The use of Generators has become a very common in almost every passive
infrastructure companies, Industries, hospitals, Townships etc. While using these
Generators a number of challenges are faced by the user such as maintaining the
Quality of grid power, asset protections, generator maintenance, capturing real
time data, Remotely monitoring of the generator, fuel theft monitoring, data
collection analysis issues, Human dependency etc. The Generator Monitoring
System (GMS) is designed specifically for emergency power generators to monitor
engine operations and detect pre-alarms or failures.
This ensures you a increased generator availability and a rapid response to
service problems. The Generating Monitoring System(GMS) monitors the power
generators placed at the remote areas and increases its Efficiency by monitoring
the various parameters of generator, Reporting critical Problems minimizes down
time and maximizes availability by sending generator failure messages instantly to
you for diagnosis and emergency service dispatch if required.
• To switch ON the generator from the current location using the mobile
phone .
• It can be used in the case of the emergency during the power shut down
in the hospital or industry.
Technology has been improved to a very advanced rate in the last decade,
Since in that improved method of that technology the controllability of device from
one place to another place is quite difficult, because it degrades the time of the
operation and also increases the difficulty of the operation. Hence to overcome this
limitations, we proposed a new method which will ease the operation of the
authorized person without any restrictions. Since in this proposed system the
authorized person can able to monitor the generator parameter of the device which
is situated in the other place from his current location with his mobile phone.
The scope of the project is to design a system that is used to control the
switching operations and to monitor the parameters of the generator. The main
focus of this work is to switch ON and OFF the generator in case of the emergency
which can be occurred in the hospital and Industry. Hence authorized person has
the main advantage of controlling the operations by using the mobile phone in their
current location.
In this project, an automatic remote controlled based hand gesture for physically
impaired people is modelled and implemented. A brief outline of the project is
given as follows.
CHAPTER II
PROPOSED METHOD
In this system Arduino is the heart of the system which takes control of
whole the system process. In here a GSM module is used for sending and receiving
the message. A 16x4 liquid crystal LCD for displaying the appliances status and
process like SYSTEM READY,GENERATOR ON, light 1 ON, light 1OFF, light 2
ON, light 2 OFF etc. Here AC load is used for demonstration in which one zero
watt bulb indicated is generator by sensor. In this system it has an additional
function in which you will get the notification or status message for ON and OFF
the generator by the mobile .
2.1 OVERVIEW
Figure 2.1.System overview
Figure 2.1 describes the system containing hardware and software, The
hardware architecture consists of a stand-alone embedded system that is based on
Microcontroller a GSM handset with GSM Modem and a driver circuit. The GSM
modem provides the communication by SMS messages. The SMS message
consists of commands to be executed. The SMS message is sent to the GSM
modem via the GSM public networks as a text message with a definite predefined
format. Once the GSM modem receives negative signal from the EB supply, it
sends the SMS to the user consisting of non-availability of power supply, Voltage
level , Current level, temperature of the coolant, etc.
The user can decide whether to switch the generator on/off and issue the
command. Based on the message, the commands sent will be extracted and
executed by the Microcontroller. In this case, if the EB power supply resumes,
again the user is made to know the status of on-site.. bit microcontroller with 8K
bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.
1.Operational flexibility
2. Energy Efficiency
3. Fuel Flexibility
Smart Power Generation plants can use any gaseous and liquid fuels
including bio fuels. They can even switch from one fuel to another without
stopping.
COMPONENTS
1. 1N4007 Diodes – Qty. 4
2. Arduino Uno
3. Connecting Wires
4. Step down transformer 230V to 6V
5. Variable resistor 47K Ohm
6. Capacitor 1uF 25V
7. 5V Zener Diode
Adjust the resistor R1 to get proper reading. When AC Voltage is 250V we
get 5V output. So calibration formula is,
AC Voltage = (250/1024) * ADC _Value
In case if the voltage reading is fluctuating then increase the value of C1
from 1uF to 10uF.
Figure
2.4(a).Block Diagram of Current Sensor
Fig.2.4 (a) Shows the block diagram of Current sensor, This is a bi-
directional measuring device and therefore this can be used for both AC and DC
current sensing. The ACS712 sensor is designed for three current ranges 5A, 20A
and 30A. The sensor consists of an integrated circuit which works according to the
Hall effect principal. This Integrated chip generates a voltage proportional to the
current flowing in the circuit. Breakout board of current sensors based on this
device also available in the market and they make your life easier.
T1 and T2 of the sensor should be connected in series with the current path
which is need to sense. Out pin should be need to connect one of the analog input
pin available in the Arduino. VCC and GND pins should be connected to 5V and
GND pin of the Arduino respectively.
The sensor outputs an analog voltage correspondence to the current flow.
Therefore to get the current reading from the Arduino. So we need to perform
analog to digital conversion inside the Arduino and multiply with calibrating
constant to get the actual value. We need to use little bit of mathematics for the
actual current value calculation. Arduino has 10 bit analog to digital converter
register. So ADC value is in range of 01023. Then the actual sensor voltage output
can be obtained from,
Output Sensor Voltage = analog Read (sensor Pin)*5.0/1023.0
In this system we are using the current sensor ,which helps us to sense the current,
that gives the parameter details.
2.5 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Eigenschaften
• Operates from 4 v to 30 v
• Battery management
• Power supplies
• HVAC
• Appliance
Figure 2.6 Shows the assembly of the solar panel, This simple device has no
moving parts, negligible maintenance costs, produces no pollution and has a
lifetime equal to that of a conventional fossil fuel. Photovoltaic cells capture solar
energy and convert it directly to electrical current by separating electrons from
their parent atoms and accelerating them across a one way electrostatic barrier
formed by the function between two different types of semiconductor material.
The circuit uses a variable voltage regulator IC LM 317 to set the output
voltage steady around 16 volts. Variable resistor VR controls the output voltage.
When the solar panel generates current, D1 forward biases and regulator IC gets
input current. Its output voltage depends on the setting of VR and the output
current is controlled by R1. This current passes through D2 and R3. When the
output voltage is above 16 volts, Zener diode ZD2 conducts and gives stable 15
volts for charging.
Charging current depends on R1 and R3. Around 250 to 300 mA current will
be available for charging. Green LED indicates charging status. When the battery
attains full voltage around 13volts. Zener diode ZD1 conducts and T1 forward
biases.
This drains the output current from the regulator IC through T1 and charging
process stops. When the battery voltage reduces below 12 volts. ZD1 turns off
and battery charging starts again. Connect the circuit to the solar panel and
measure the input voltage. Make sure that it is above 18 volts. Connect the circuit
to the battery with correct polarity and adjust VR till LED lights. This indicates the
conduction of ZD2 and output voltage. Use heat sinks for LM317 and TIP to
dissipate heat.
2.8 INVERTER
Figure 2.8 shows the block diagram of Inverter Circuit, Since inverter, is an
electronics device or circuitry that changes direct current to alternating current.
The voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on
the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does can be entirely
electronic or may be a combination of mechanical effects and electronic circuitry.
Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process.
2.9 ARDUINO
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on
flexible, Easy -to use hardware and software. It’s intended for artists, designers,
hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors
and can affect its surrounding controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.
Eigenschaften
Microcontroller: ATmega328
Operating Voltage: 5v
(recommended):
SRAM: 2KB(ATmega328)
EEPOROM: 1KB(ATmega328)
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply it is shown in the figure2.9 (a), The power source is selected
automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC
adapter(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1 mm
center-positive plug into the board’s power jack. Leads from a battery can be
inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connecter.
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it’s using an external power
source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or others regulated power
source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the
power jack, access it through this pin.
5V. This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulated on the board. The board
can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7–12V). The USB
connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V), supplying voltage via the 5V
or 3.3v pins by passes the regulator, and can damage your board. We don’t advise
it.
3V3. A volts 3.3 supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA.
Memory
The ATmega328 has 32KB (with 0.5 KB used for the boot loader). It also
has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM.
• Serial: 0(RX) and 1(TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL
serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip.
• PWM: 3,5,6,9,10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog
write function.
LED:13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide
10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values).
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog reference.
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a
reset button to shields which block the one the board.
Figure 2.9(b). Arduino Diagram
2.10 GSM
Figure 2.9 (b) Shows the Ardunio diagram, A GSM modem is a specialized
type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a
mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a
GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to
an Arduino, this allows the Arduino to use the GSM modem to communicate over
the mobile network.
While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile
internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving
SMS and MMS message. It can be a mobile phone that provide GSM modem
capabilities.
• GSM architecture
Mobile Station
It is the mobile phone which consists of the transceiver, the display and
the processor and is controlled by a SIM card operating over the network.
It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem.
It consists of the Base Transceiver Station which contains the radio transceivers
and handles the protocols for communication with mobiles. It also consists of the
Base Station Controller which controls the Base Transceiver station and acts as a
interface between the mobile station and mobile switching centre.
Network Subsystem
It provides the basic network connection to the mobile stations. The basic
part of the Network Subsystem is the Mobile Service Switching Centre which
provides access to different networks like ISDN, PSTN etc. It also consists of the
Home Location Register and the Visitor Location Register which provides the call
routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. It also contains the Equipment Identity
Register which maintains an account of all the mobile equipments wherein each
mobile is identified by its own IMEI number. IMEI stands for International Mobile
Equipment Identity.
The receiver GSM handset is used to receive the SMS send by the user and
then to transmit an acknowledgement or status to the user’s mobile. The receiver
handset has to be equipped with an AT Modem and a valid SIM card. The handset
has a built in AT modem with USART interface and supports most of the AT
commend instructions. This handset is attached with the microcontroller used to
control the appliance through USART. AT modem is a modem which supports AT
commands. The command set consists of a series of short text strings which
combine together to produce complete commands for operations such as dialing,
hanging up, and changing the parameters of the connection. Most modems follow
the specifications of the Hayes command set. AT commends are instructions used
to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of attention. Every command line starts
with “AT” or “at”.
ok
syntax : AT+CMGF=<mode>
0 – PDU mode
1 – text mode
Ex) AT + CMGF =1
ok
Ex) AT+CMGF = 1
ok
2.10.6 Features
• Support wide range of frequencies (from 850 MHZ to 1900 MHZ) for
different classification of GSM.
• Frequency hopping.
• Discontinuous transmission.
This LCD’s typically have 14 data pins and 2 for the LED backlight.
Character LCDs use a standard 14-pin interface and those with backlights have 16
pins. There is also be a single backlight pin, with the other connection via ground
or VCC pin. The two backlight pins may precede the pin 1. The nominal backlight
voltage is around 4.2v at 25˚C using a VDD 5V capable model.
Figure 2.12(b).LCD feature
CHAPTER III
LITERATURE SURVEY
3.1 GENERAL
There are numerous published methods that describe different topologies and
different control strategies used for the Generators.This section investigates
theoretical background of the commonly used generator methods which helps in
use for the control operations.
Kwang Seon Ahn et al have discussed the Using remote management; you
can check operating hours, oil pressure, battery status, coolant temperatures,
generated power output, fuel level, GPS position and more. A notification also
could be generated whenever a critical level has been reached, such as when a
generator has been running more than expected, or when the running hours exceed
the service interval [5].
Chetan Patil et al have discussed the design of BTS safety and fault
management system the measures are taken to rectify these problems. The method
makes use of GSM modem which gives the instant message about the each activity
happening in the site. The temperature sensors will sense the temperature of the
room and if it rises above the threshold value the GSM module will send the
message to the master mobile which is already set in the system [6].
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 PROGRAM
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define TempPin A0
int main = 3;
int relay= 2;
int TempValue;
void setup()
lcd.begin(16, 4);
lcd.print("Genset Monitor");
pinMode(main, INPUT);
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
}
void loop()
main=digitalRead(2);
if(main==LOW)
Temp Value = analog Read(Temp Pin);// read the input on analog pin 0:
float voltage = sensor Value * (250.0 / 1024.0);// Convert the analog reading
(which goes from 0 ‐ 1023) to a voltage (0 ‐ 250V):
lcd. clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd. print("Temp:");
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd. print(TempCel);
lcd.print("Load Volt:");
lcd. set Cursor(10, 2);
lcd. print(voltage);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(100);
delay(100);
delay(100);
delay(100);
delay(100);
Serial. println();
delay(1000);
else, go to step1
making a decision.
4.4 COMPONENTS
• Capacitor 1µF 25
• Variable Resistor 47kΩ
• Current Sensor
• Temperature Sensor
• Solar Panel
• Battery Charger
• LM317
• TIP122
• Variable resister
• Diode IN4007
• Zener Diode
• Capacitor
• Resister
• LED
• Inverter Circuit
• CD4047
• IRFZ44
• Resisters
• Capacitor
• Arduino Board
• GSM Modem
• Relay
• LCD Display
• Mobile Phone
• Memory Card
4.5 HARDWARE
5.1 MERITS
This project is made with best of capabilities and dedication. Details were taken
care of in preparing it. The problems encountered in various steps were taken into
account and eliminated to much extent so that they may not harm the project
functioning. Also certain areas were thought of before hand and worked upon, so
as to prevent them from becoming a limitation for the project. But, as it is that
every system is not perfect in all the aspects. They have some associated
limitations. Here are presented the advantages, in general and comparative of the
counterparts, and disadvantage of the project.
5.2 DEMERITS
• Most of systems based on Internet monitoring require higher operational
cost
• The GSM modem used in cellular based remote monitoring system increases
the cost of the system.
• The long term operational cost of Internet and cellular monitoring systems is
relatively high due to usage charges incurred in each message transaction.
CHAPTER VI
APPLICATIONS
• User can control device in case of forgetting to do so while leaving for some
other place.
• Energy conservation.
CHAPTER VII
7.1 CONCLUSION
With the development of this project, it makes the system more flexible and
provides attractive user interface compared to other monitoring systems. Since the
Arduino has capable of sensing and controlling the various parameter of generator
in normal and abnormal condition. This project is very useful and also very
economical. It provides simple and easy way to control the industry/hospital
appliances with a single SMS or by using an mobile application. The main
advantage of the projects is controlling can be done by the mobile application
which has safety features but in absence of an mobile phone one can control the
generator monitoring by sending a normal SMS to the GSM Modem. This system
provides the immediate solution for catastrophic failure of generator using GSM
communication. The Arduino offers a wide scope of application in the field of
remote digital controllers in the smart generator industry.
7.2FUTURE WORK
REFERENCES
[5] Kwang Seon Ahn “Digital Controller of a Diesel Generator using an Embedded
System” International Journal of Information Processing Systems, Volume 2, No.3,
December 2015
[6] Chetan Patil, Channabasappa Baligar, “Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Safety
and Fault Management”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-7, December
2013.
[8]https://www.arduino.cc.