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    A study of over 5,000 adolescents in 6 Asian countries found that smartphone use was common, ranging from 41-84% in South Korea. Social media use on a daily basis was highest in Hong Kong at 68%. Internet addiction scores were highest in the Philippines at 5% for the IAT and 21% for the CIAS-R. This highlights the growing problem of risky internet behaviors among young users and the need for action.

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    RRL AND RRS lol

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    RRL-RRS

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    A study of over 5,000 adolescents in 6 Asian countries found that smartphone use was common, ranging from 41-84% in South Korea. Social media use on a daily basis was highest in Hong Kong at 68%. Internet addiction scores were highest in the Philippines at 5% for the IAT and 21% for the CIAS-R. This highlights the growing problem of risky internet behaviors among young users and the need for action.

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    2K views5 pages

    RRL RRS

    Uploaded by

    Jayson Germono
    A study of over 5,000 adolescents in 6 Asian countries found that smartphone use was common, ranging from 41-84% in South Korea. Social media use on a daily basis was highest in Hong Kong at 68%. Internet addiction scores were highest in the Philippines at 5% for the IAT and 21% for the CIAS-R. This highlights the growing problem of risky internet behaviors among young users and the need for action.

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    of 5

    PARAPHRASED:

    RRS

    From a recent study of Cheng C. et al. (2014), internet addiction has been a
    serious behavioral health problem in Asia. A total of 5,366 adolescents aged 12-
    18 were recruited from six Asian countries; China, Hong Kong, Japan South
    Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. They were task to complete a structured
    questionnaire on the Internet use in the school year of 2012-2013. The internet
    addiction was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Revised
    Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R). Variation of internet behaviors and
    addictions were examined. The results were, common participants were
    smartphone users, ranging from 41% to 84% in South Korea. Hong Kong has the
    highest number of adolescents reported to used social media on a daily basis
    with a 68% average. Internet addiction is the highest in the Philippines, with a
    score of 5% in the IAT and 21% in the CIAS-R. This results in the growing
    problem of behavior towards younger users of internet and the social media that
    are characterized by risky cyber behaviors which is now being a more common
    problem with a need of necessary action to be resolved as soon as possible.

    Reference: Cheng C. et al. (2014). Epidemiology of Internet Behaviors and


    Addiction Among Adolescents in Six Asian Countries. Retrieved from:
    https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cyber.2014.0139

    PARAPHRASED:

    RRL

    In ‘Social Media: Defining, Developing and Divining’, Carr and Hayes (2015)
    defined social media as internet-based channels that allow users to
    opportunistically interact and selectively self-present, either in real-time or
    asynchronously, with both broad and narrow audiences who derive value from
    user-generated content and the perception of interaction with others.

    Reference: Carr, C.T & R.A. Hayes (2015). Social Media: Defining,
    Developing, and Divining. Atlantic Journal of Communication 23,46-65
    RRL

    According to Couldry N. (2012) we use media to organize the social world,


    coordinate and interact with others. We use media to create and maintain social
    institutions and way of life. He also mapped out some intrinsic practices that form
    interactive and social media and these are Searching (accessing information
    such as search engines), Showing (recording, uploading media and showing it to
    others) and Presenting and Archiving (real-life maintenance of networks and
    process of managing information).

    Reference: Couldry N. (2012) Media, Society, World: Social Theory and


    Digital Media Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-745-63920-8

    RRL

    Social media platforms need active users who can create and circulate their own
    content and they are called the active user. The active user is the provider of
    sociality, content and data. Without them social media platforms won’t have any
    functions or uses. These social media platforms are built around dynamic power
    relationships for the active users to use to communicate with one another. The
    active user is constructed and constrained within the rules of the platform and
    they can only be active by following the terms set by the platform also. The
    power of the social media platform is not grounded in the relationship of the one
    who produces and consumes, but more fundamentally in who controls the
    communicative spaces, processes, networks and flows of content. (van Dijck J.,
    2011)

    Reference: van Dijck J. (2011). Facebook as a Tool for Producing Sociality


    and Connectivity, Television & New Media, 13(2): 160-176.

    RRL

    Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is characterized as being


    overly concerned about social media, driven by uncontrollable urge to use social
    media by spending more time and effort in it that it impairs some other important
    life areas. This phenomenon can be largely contributed to the dopamine-inducing
    social environment that social networking sites provide.

    Reference: Hilliard J. (2019) Social Media Addiction. Retrieved from:


    https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/social-media-addiction/
    RRL

    Online social network sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
    are familiar to most people and they are one of the most frequent necessities of
    people in a regular basis. Online social networking by far has now been accepted
    as a normal behavior. However, scholars have recognized that excessive and
    compulsive online social networking has been striking similarities between drug
    addiction and it has been condemned as a behavioral addiction.

    Andreassen and Pallasen (2015) define SNS addiction as “being overly


    concerned about SNSs, to be driven by a strong motivation to log on or use
    SNSs and to devote much time and effort to SNSs that it impairs other social
    activities. They argue that SNS addicts typically spend a lot of time thinking about
    SNSs and on how can they open up more time just to be online every time.

    There is also some evidence that SNS addiction is more prevalent in certain
    groups such as teenagers and young adults and that they’re much like spend
    more time being online to communicate with friends and loved ones such as the
    other stuff they mostly do.

    Reference: Andreassen, C. S. (2015) Online social network site addiction :


    A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2, 175-184.

    RRL

    Several screening instruments of SNS addiction have appeared in literature.


    Researchers tried to investigate Facebook addiction as its first scale which was
    called Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) created by Andreassen and
    colleagues. This was connected with the general addiction theory. The criteria for
    BFAS were salience, mood modification, conflict, withdrawal, tolerance and
    relapse, they were worded in line with diagnostic addiction criteria and scored on
    a five-point scale from very rarely to very often, asking how often the symptoms
    have occurred.

    Another example of SNS Addiction Measurement is the Facebook Dependence


    Questionnaire (FDQ) which is an eight-item questionnaire that measures
    Facebook dependence. The items on the questionnaire were based on an
    Internet addiction scale and measures control, satisfaction, time of used and
    efforts to reduce it, worries, concern and other activities involved in Facebook.
    The response format will be in the form of (Yes/No).
    Another one is the Addictive Tendencies Scale (ATS) which is a five-item
    questionnaire developed by Turel and Serenko. The construction of the scale
    was based on Charlton and Danforth’s video game addiction scale. All the items
    are scored on a seven-point scale ranging from completely disagree to
    completely agree.

    Reference: Andreassen, C. S. and Pallesen S. (2014) Social Network Site


    Addiction - An Overview Retrieved from:
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40429-015-0056-9

    RRL

    According to Echeburua E. & de Corral P. (2010), the concept of ‘internet


    addiction’ has been proposed as an explanation for uncontrollable and harmful
    use of this type of technology. Symptoms of these can be indentified with the
    criteria that are used in other chemical or non-chemical addiction. Prevention
    strategies in both home and school should be implemented on the basis of
    behavioral risk factors and demographic characteristics. As such, internet
    addiction can be categorized as a behavioral disease that can still be treatable
    with the right medication and counseling as this can be used for many more
    possible future studies to come.

    Reference: Echeburua E. and de Corral P. (2010) Addiction to new


    technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new
    challenge. Adicciones, 22, 91–95. Retrieved from:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549142

    RRL

    From a study of Hou Y. et al. (2019), frequent social media usage does not
    necessarily indicate social media addiction and does not always have negative
    implication for a person’s mental health. A distinction between normal to overly-
    excessive engage in social media is that when casual logging in become more
    compulsive and uncontrollable. Most data gathered towards social media
    addiction were mostly focused on Facebook addiction where there is association
    in Facebook addiction and mental health issues (such as depression, anxiety and
    insomnia) and also greatly affects the individual’s lifestyle and life satisfaction
    which has been the trigger of negative impact towards Facebook addiction.
    Reference: Hou Y. et al. (2019) Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation,
    and intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on
    Cyberspace, 13(1), article 4. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-1-4

    RRL

    A scale developed by Andreasson and colleagues proposed potential factor


    indicating possible dependence on social media:

    1. Mood swings: the first stage, wherein the person feels more secure and
    satisfied when using social media;
    2. Relevance: when social media starts dominating the person’s thought to
    their current activities which may be harmful;
    3. Tolerance: increased time spent on social media, when a person is
    looking for feelings that are associated with social media and is losing
    control of the time spent with it.
    4. Withdrawal: wherein anxiety kicks in to the person when he/she is not
    connected to the Internet, with sleep schedule changes and eating
    patterns and signs of depression.

    Reference: Guedes, Eduardo; Nardi, Antonio Egidio; Guimarães, Flávia Melo Campos
    Leite; Machado, Sergio; King, Anna Lucia Spear (2016). "Social networking, a new
    online addiction: a review of Facebook and other addiction disorders". Medical
    Express. 3 (1).

    RRL

    A technical study conducted by Chassiakos R., Radesky J. and Christakis D.


    (2016), indentified benefits and concerns regarding adolescent mental health in
    regard with social media use. The study showed that the total time spent in social
    media is not a key factor, but how time is spent. This states the decline in well-
    being and life satisfaction were found in older teens who used social media. The
    study also found out that the relationship of time spent on digital media and the
    risk of developing depression is both at the low and high ends of internet use.

    Reference: Reid Chassiakos YL, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA,


    Cross C (November 2016). "Children and Adolescents and Digital
    Media". Pediatrics. 138 (5): e20162593. Retrieve from:
    https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/5/e20162593

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