Shakti Peetha
Shakti Peetha
The Shakti Peetha (Sanskrit: शि पीठ, Śakti Pīṭha, seat of Shakti[2]) are significant shrines and
pilgrimage destinations in Shaktism, the goddess-focused Hindu tradition. There are 51 or 108
Shakti peethas by various accounts,[3][4] of which between 4 and 18 are named as Maha (major) in
medieval Hindu texts.[3]
Most of these historic places of goddess worship are in India, but there are seven in Bangladesh,
three in Pakistan, three in Nepal, and one each in Tibet and Sri Lanka.[4]
Various legends explain how the Shakti Peetha came into existence. The most popular is based on
the story of the death of the goddess Sati. Out of grief and sorrow, Shiva carried Sati's body, Shri Hinglaj Mata temple shakti
reminiscing about their moments as a couple, and roamed around the universe with it. Vishnu had peetha is the largest Hindu
pilgrimage centre in Pakistan.The
cut her body into 51 body parts, using his Sudarshana Chakra, which fell on Earth to become sacred
annual Hinglaj Yathra is attended by
sites where all the people can pay homage to the Goddess. To complete this massively long task,
more than 250,000 people.[1]
Lord Shiva took the form of Bhairava.
Contents
Legend
Sati's self-immolation
Four Adi Shakti Pithas
The List of Shakti Peethas Nartiang Durga Temple Shakti
Historical notes peetha in Meghalaya is considered
by the Hindus of Meghalaya as the
18 Maha Shakti Pithas permanent abode of Godess Durga
18 Shakthi Peetas
Aṣṭhādaśa śakti Pīṭha Stotram
Translation of the stotra
Map of Shakti Peethas
Further reading
Notes
References
See also
External links
Legend
Lord Brahma performed a yajna (Vedic ritual of fire sacrifice) to please Shakti and Shiva. Goddess
Shakti emerged, separating from Shiva and helped Brahma in the creation of the universe. Brahma
decided to give Shakti back to Shiva. Therefore, his son Daksha performed several yagnas to obtain
Shakti as his daughter in the form of Sati. It was then decided that Sati was brought into this world
with the motive of getting married to Shiva.
However, due to Lord Shiva's curse to Brahma that his fifth head was cut off due to his lie in front of
Shiva, Daksha started hating Lord Shiva and decided not to let Lord Shiva and Sati get married.
However, Sati got attracted to Shiva and finally one day Shiva and Sati got married. This marriage
only increased Daksha's hatred towards Lord Shiva.
Daksha performed a yagna with a desire to take revenge on Lord Shiva. Daksha invited all the
deities to the yajna except Lord Shiva and Sati. The fact that she was not invited did not deter Sati
from attending the yagna. She expressed her desire to attend the yagna to Shiva, who tried his best to
dissuade her from going. Shiva eventually relented and Sati went to the yagna. Sati, being an
uninvited guest, was not given any respect at the yagna. Furthermore, Daksha insulted Shiva. Sati
was unable to bear her father's insults toward her husband, so she immolated herself.
Enraged at the death and insult of his spouse, Shiva in his Virabhadra avatar destroyed Daksha's
yagna, cut off Daksha's head, but later replaced it with that of a male goat as he restored him to
life.Virabhadra didn't stop fighting; he kept raging with anger. Gods prayed to lord Vishnu. He
came there and started fighting him. Still immersed in grief, Shiva picked up the remains of Sati's
body, and performed the Tandava, the celestial dance of destruction, across all creation. The other
Gods requested Vishnu to intervene to stop this destruction, towards which Vishnu used the
Sudarshana Chakra, which cut through Sati's corpse. The various parts of the body fell at several
spots all through the Indian subcontinent and formed sites which are known as Shakti Peethas
today.[5]
Lord Shiva carrying the corpse of
At all the Shakti Peethas, the Goddess Shakti is accompanied by her consort, Lord Bhairava (a Dakshayani
manifestation of Lord Shiva). Shakti is an aspect of the Supreme Being Adi parashakti, the
mother of the trimurti, the holy trinity in Hindu religion & scriptures.
Sati's self-immolation
The history of Daksha yajna and Sati's self-immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit literature and even
influenced the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and thereby strengthened Shaktism. Enormous
numbers of stories in the Puranas and other Hindu religious books took the Daksha yagna as the reason for their origin. It is an important
incident in Shaivism, resulting in the emergence of Parvati in the place of Sati Devi and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder),
leading to the origin of Ganesha and Kartikeya.[6]
Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of the Mother Goddess. These are places that are believed to have been blessed with the presence
of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and wandered throughout Aryavartha in
sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peeth linking to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit.[7] Each temple has shrines for Shakti and Kalabhairava, and most
Shakti and Kalabhairava in different Shakti Peeth have different names.
Further explaining the importance of these four Pithas, the "Brihat Samhita" also gives the location of these Pithas as (in Sanskrit)
"Shakthi" refers to the Goddess worshiped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani (Sati), Parvati or Durga;
"Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewelry that fell to earth, at the location on which the respective
temple is built.
Temple City/Town State in India/Country Body Part Image
pada
Vimala Temple Puri Odisha (feet)
stana
Taratarini Temple Berhampur Odisha (breast)
daahina padangushtha
Kalighat Kali Temple Kolkata West Bengal (right toe)
Apart from these 4 there are 48 other famous Peethas recognized by religious texts. According to the Pithanirnaya Tantra the 51 peethas are
scattered all over present day countries of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Pakistan. The Shivacharita besides listing
51 maha-peethas, speaks about 26 more upa-peethas. The Bengali almanac, Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika too describes the 51 peethas
including the present modified addresses. A few of the several accepted listings are given below.[8] One of the few in South India, Srisailam
in Andhra Pradesh became the site for a 2nd-century temple.[9]
"Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of
Dakshayani, Sati; later known as Parvati or Durga;
"Bhairava" refers to the corresponding consort, each a manifestation of Shiva;
"Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at
the location on which the respective temple is built.
The details of this is available in the text "TANTHRACHOODAMANI" where Parvathi tells these The Hindus of Meghalaya consider
details to her son Skanda. Nartiang Durga Temple shaktipeetha
as the Permanent abode of godess
Durga
Sr. State in Body Part or
Place Shakti Bhairava Image
No. India/Country Ornament
Goddess Bhadrakali on
10 banks of Godavari in Maharashtra Chin (2 parts) Bhramari Vikritaksh
Nashik city (Saptashrungi)
Bramharandhra
11 Hinglaj Balochistan (Part of the Kottari Bhimlochan
head)
Jayanti at Nartiang village
in the Jaintia Hills district.
12 This Shakthi Peetha is Meghalaya Left thigh Jayanti Kramadishwar
locally known as the
Nartiang Durga Temple.
Palms of hands
13 Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple Bangladesh and soles of the Jashoreshwari Chanda
feet
14 Jwalaji, Kangra from Himachal Tongue Siddhida Unmatta Bhairav
Pathankot alight at Pradesh (Ambika)
Jwalamukhi Road Station
from there 20 km
Kalipeeth, (Kalighat,
15 West Bengal Right Toes Kalika Nakuleshwar
Kolkata)
Kalmadhav on the banks
of Son River in a cave Madhya
16 Left buttock Kali Asitang
over hills near to Pradesh
Amarkantak
Kamgiri, Kamakhya, in the
Umananda or
17 Neelachal hills in Assam Genitals Kamakhya
Bhayaanand
Guwahati
Kankalitala, on the banks
of Kopai River 10 km
north-east of Bolpur
18 West Bengal Pelvis Devgarbha Ruru
station in Birbhum district,
Devi locally known as
Kankaleshwari
Kanyashram of
Balaambika – The
Bhagavathy temple in
Kanyakumari, the
19 southernmost tip of Tamil Nadu Back Sarvani Nimish
mainland India, Tamil
Nadu (also thought to be
situated in Yunnan
province, China)
Karnat, Brajeshwari Devi, Himachal
20 left Breast Jayadurga Abhiru
Kangra Pradesh
Kiriteswari Temple at
Kiritkona village, 3 km
21 from Lalbag Court Road West Bengal Crown Vimla Sanwart
station under district
Murshidabad
Ratnavali, on the banks of
Ratnakar river at Khanakul
I Krishnanagar, district
Hooghly [from Tarakeswar
railway station by bus] [It
is easier to ask for going
to the more well known
Ghanteshwar Shiv Mandir,
22 West Bengal Right Shoulder Kumari Ghanteshwar
and the shakti peetha is
just beside it. There is a
confusion with the title of
shakti peetha with the
nearby Anandamayee
Tala. So need more
investigation and future
edit.]
'A.Locally known as
Bhramari Devi in
Jalpaiguri near a small
village Boda on the bank
A. Left leg
of river Teesta or Tri-
23 West Bengal B. Part of Left Bhraamari Ambar
shrota (combination of
Knee
three flows) mentioned in
Puranas
B.Ma Malai Chandi
Temple at Amta, Howrah
Manas, under Tibet at the
foot of Mount Kailash in
24 Tibet Right hand Dakshayani Amar
Lake Manasarovar, a
piece of Stone
Manibandh, at Gayatri hills
near Pushkar 11 km north-
25 west of Ajmer. People Rajasthan Wrists Gayatri Sarvanand
know this temple as
Chamunda Mata Temple.
26 Mithila, near Janakpur Nepal Left shoulder Uma Mahodar
railway station on the
border of India and Nepal
Nainativu (Manipallavam),
Northern Province, Sri
Lanka. Located 36 km
from the ancient capital of
the Jaffna kingdom, Nallur.
The murti of the Goddess
is believed to have been
consecrated and
worshipped by Lord Indra.
Indrakshi
The protagonist, Lord Silambu Rakshaseshwar
27 Sri Lanka (Nagapooshani /
Rama and antagonist, (Anklets) (Nayanair)
Bhuvaneswari)
Ravana of the Sanskrit
epic Ramayana have
offered obeisances to the
Goddess. Nāga and
Garuda of the Sanskrit
epic Mahabharata;
resolved their
longstanding feuds after
worshipping this Goddess.
Nandikeshwari Temple is
35 West Bengal Necklace Nandini Nandikeshwar
located in Sainthia city.
Historical notes
First relating to Brahmanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, it mentions 64 Shakthi Peetha of Goddess Parvati in the Bharat or
Greater India including present day India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, some parts of Southern Tibet and parts of southern
Pakistan. Another text which gives a listing of these shrines, is the Shakthi Peetha Stotram, written by Adi Shankara, the 9th-century Hindu
philosopher.[14]
According to the manuscript Mahapithapurana (c. 1690 – 1720 CE), there are 52 such places. Among them, 23 are located in the Bengal
region, 14 of these are located in what is now West Bengal, India, 1 in Baster (Chhattisgarh), while 7 are in what is now Bangladesh.
Rishi Markandeya composed the 'Devi Saptashati' or the seven hundred hymns extolling the virtues of the Divine Goddess at the
shaktipeetha in Nashik. The idol is also leaning a little to the left to listen to the sages composition. The Saptashati or the "Durga Stuti"
forms an integral part in the vedic form of Shakti worship.
The third eye of Mata Sati fell below a tree in a mortuary in the Ishan corner of Vakreshwar. This is on the bank of the north flowing Dwarka
river in the east of Baidyanath. Here Mata Sati is called Chandi Bhagwai Ugra Tara and Bhairav is called Chandrachur. This Shaktipeeth is
called Tarapith in Birbhum district West bengal, India.
Lankayam
Triconmalee,
1 Shankari Temple Triconmalee Shankari Heart Shankari
SriLanka
Peetham
Adi Kamakshi
Adhi Kamakshi Devi Temple(or
Amman Temple Kaliyambal Kamakshi
2 Kanchi Tamil Nadu Navel
behind Kamakshi Temple) behind Amman
Amman Temple Kama koti
peetam
Pradmunyee
BavTharini Maa
3 Shrinkala (Pandua) Stomach -
Peetham Shrinkala
Bengal
Mahalakshmi
7 Kolhapur Maharashtra Shri Peetham Eyes Aai Ambabai
Temple, Kolhapur
Mahur, Left
8 Eka Veerika Temple Maharashtra Moola Peetham Eka Veerika
Maharashtra Hand
9 Mahakaleshwar Ujjain Madhya Ujjaini Peetham Tongue Maa Kaali
Jyotirlinga Pradesh
Kukkuteswara Andhra Pushkarini
10 Pithapuram Back Maa Puruhutika
Swamy Temple Pradesh Peetham
Oddyana
11 Biraja Temple Jajpur Odisha Navel Maa Biraja
Peetham
part of
Kumararama Andhra Draksharama left Maa
12 Draksharamam
Bhimeswara Pradesh Peetham cheek Manikyamba
Temple
Kamarupa
13 Kamakhya Temple Guwahati Assam Genitals Devi Kamakhya
Peetham
Prayaga Maa
14 Alopi Devi Mandir Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh Fingers
Peetham Madhaveswari
Himachal Jwalamukhi
15. Jwalamukhi Temple Kangra Head Maa Jwalamukhi
Pradesh Peetham
[*]Sharada Peeth: This temple is currently non-existent*.[17] Only ruins are found in these places. Its ruins are near the Line of Control
(LOC)[18] between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled portions of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. Instead, Sringeri
Sharada Peetham, Sringeri in Karnataka even though not a Shakthi Peetha, is this aspect of the goddess. Requests have been made by the
Hindu community in Pakistan to the Pakistani government to renovate the temple, the issue being raised by former Indian Home minister L.
K. Advani to the Pakistan authorities[19] as a confidence-building measure, by increasing the people to people cross-border interaction.[18]
Among these, the Shakthi Peethas at Kamakhya, Gaya and Ujjain are regarded as the most sacred as they symbolise the three most important
aspects of the Mother Goddess viz. Creation (Kamarupa Devi), Nourishment (Sarvamangala Devi/Mangalagauri) and Annihilation
(Mahakali Devi).
18 Shakthi Peetas
As per Sankara Samhita of Sri Skanda Purana,[20]
IAST:
Goddess Maha Kali in Ujjain, Purhuthika in Peethika Goddess Girija in Odhyana and Manikya in the house of Daksha
Goddess Kama Rupi in the temple of Vishnu, Madhaveshwari in Prayagraj Goddess giving flame in Jwala Mukhi and Mangala Gowri in
Gaya
Goddess Vishalakshi in Varanasi, Saraswati in Kashmir These are the 18 houses of Shakthi, which are rare even to the Devas
When chanted every evening, all the enemies would get destroyed all the diseases would vanish, and prosperity would be showered.
Vaishnodevi
Jwalamukhi
Chinnamasta
Shyamala
Tripuramalini
Naina Devi
Devi
Dakshayani
Bhadrakali
Varahi
Gandaki
Chandi
Katyayani
Mahashira
Ambika
Uma Kamakhya
Kamarupini
Vishalakshi Chandika
Jayanti
Hinglaj Mata Madhaveswari/Lalita
Mahishasuramardini Aparna
Sarvamangala Mahishmardini
Amba Shivani Jaya Durga Nandini Dhakeshwari
Devgarbha
Mahakali Phullora Tripura
Avanti Shrinkala Sundari
Shaila/Shona Devi Sugandha
Bhawani
Jeshoreshwari
Kalika
Chandrabhaga Biraja Devi
Saptashrungi Ekavirika
Devi
Vimala
Danteshwari Taratarini
Bhadrakali
Puruhutika
Rakini/Visveshwari
Ambabai
Bhramarambha Manikyamba
Jogulamba
Kamakshi
Chamundeshwari
Sari
Meenakshi
Nagapooshani
Further reading
Dineschandra Sircar (1998). The Śākta Pīṭhas (https://books.google.com/books?id=I969qn5fpvcC). Motilal Banarsidass
Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0879-9.
Notes
1. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1088366/mata-hinglaj-yatra-to-hingol-a-pilgrimage-to-reincarnation/?amp=1
2. Fuller, Christopher John (2004). The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India (https://books.google.com/boo
ks?id=To6XSeBUW3oC&pg=PA44). Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-691-12048-5.
3. Vanamali (2008). Shakti: Realm of the Divine Mother (https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Ju3nWR52UC). Inner
Traditions. pp. 83–84, 143–144. ISBN 978-1-59477-785-1.
4. Kunal Chakrabarti; Shubhra Chakrabarti (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis (https://books.google.com/books?id=Q
VOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA430). Scarecrow. p. 430. ISBN 978-0-8108-8024-5.
5. "Introduction and Preface" (http://www.sacred-texts.com/tantra/maha/maha00.htm). www.sacred-texts.com.
6. "Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal" (http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/). kottiyoordevaswom.com/. Kottiyoor
Devaswam. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
7. RAGHUBIR LAL ANAND (February 2014). IS God DEAD????? (https://books.google.com/books?id=nQniAgAAQBAJ&pg=
PP1). Partridge Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4828-1823-9.
8. 51 Pithas of Parvati (http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/resources/pithas.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200609
27033603/http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/resources/pithas.htm) 2006-09-27 at the Wayback Machine – From Hindunet
9. "Srisailam" (http://www.sacredsites.com/asia/india/srisailam_shakti_pitha.html).
10. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210250/http://zeenews.india.com/navratra2012/Shaktipeeth.html).
Archived from the original (http://zeenews.india.com/navratra2012/Shaktipeeth.html) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
11. Author, Unknown. Tantra Chudamani (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/panchasat/topic196.html). pp. Lines 13–14.
12. Chandrabhaga Shakti Peeth https://www.bhaktibharat.com/mandir/chandrabhaga-shakti-peeth
13. https://www.maihartemple.com/about-maihar-temple/
14. Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http://www.celextel.org/adisankara/shaktipeethastotram.html) Vedanta Spiritual Library
15. Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Ashta_Dasa_Shakthi_Peetha_Stotram) From
Hindupedia
16. Most Popular Shakti Peeths (https://www.visitstart.com/most-popular-shakti-peeth-of-nepal/){{|date=January 2020
|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} From srisailam.co.in
17. Pollock, Sheldon (2006). Language of the Gods in the World of Men. University of California Press.
18. "Pandits denied entry into temple in Pakistan Administered Kashmir" (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200710030
341.htm). The Hindu. 3 October 2007.
19. "Pak should renovate Sharada Temple in Pakistan Administered Kashmir: Advani" (http://zeenews.india.com/news/states/pa
k-should-renovate-sharada-temple-in-pok-advani_369152.html). zeenews.india. 2 May 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
20. https://archive.org/details/AbiramiammanSthalaPuranam
https://www.blindaim.com/2018/11/kamakhya-temple.html
References
Phyllis K. Herman, California State University, Northridge (USA), "Siting the Power of the Goddess: Sita Rasoi Shrines in
Modern India (https://web.archive.org/web/20070303013726/http://www.ramayanainstitute.org/archives/NIU_2001_Confere
nce___Fair/Papers/papers.html)", International Ramayana Conference Held at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA,
21–23 September 2001.
Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions (ISBN 81-208-0379-5) by David Kinsley
com/navratra/Shaktipeeth.html 51 Nav Durga Shaktipeeths- Legend and listing (https://web.archive.org/web/201307131156
30/http://zeenews/) Zee News
[1] (http://educationguru4u.com/chandi_asthan.aspx)
See also
Hindu pilgrimage sites
List of Shakti peeth in Bengal
External links
52 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/51-shakti-peethas-map-t11.html)
51 Shakti Peethas of Ma Durga (https://web.archive.org/web/20120422030654/http://www.yatra2yatra.com/hinduism/shaktip
eeth)
18 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/18-shakti-peethas-map-t12.html)
Sri Swamiji visits Sri Lanka for Shankari Temple Darshan (http://www.dattapeetham.com/india/tours/2005/srilanka/srilanka.h
tml)
Comprehensive guide on 51 Shakti Peethas (http://www.vedarahasya.net/shakti.htm)
Daksha Yagna – The story of Daksha's sacrifice and the origin of the Shakti Pithas (http://www.indiantemples.com/beliefs/da
ksha.htm)
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