Huling Defensa Kuya Timbal
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"ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19
SECTION 19(CURFEW ON MINORS) IN PARANAQUE CITY; A PROPOSED
CURFEW STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE"
by
Dioso, Jefferson E.
Tabion, Chirstian Jay T.
Valenzona, Jonathan B.
January 2019
APPROVAL SHEET
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PARANAQUE CITY, BASIS FOR PROPOSAL PATROL PLAN”, prepared and
submitted by DIOSO, JEFFERSON E., TABION, CHRISTIAN JAY T.,
VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.,in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, has been examined and is hereby
recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL DEFENSE.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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To the oral defence panellists, Dr. Gerardo Marinay, Prof. Daisy Delo
Santos, for their insightful comments and encouragements, for their challenging
questions that motivated us to widen our research from various perspectives.
And lastly, to the Lord Almighty, for his guidance through this research
and our everyday lives.
Thank you.
THE RESEARCHERS
DEDICATION
In this section the researchers can mention the people to whom the
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To our family and friends who wholeheartedly supported us through thick
and thin.
To our almighty God who always protecting and guiding us in our daily
living.
To all who were mentioned above for without you this action plan will not
be a successful one.
THESIS ABSTRACT
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Tabion, Christian Jay T.
Valenzona, Jonathan B.
Summary of Findings
This study assessed the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19
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procedure of arrest, handling of arrested minors, patrolling strategy, the demographic profile of
FINDINGS
Age
age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,
and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in
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56-60. Demographic profile of the respondents in barangay san Antonio
Gender
Civil Status
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frequency rating, second is in high school graduate with 9 frequency rating, 3 rd is
high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.
Position
Length of Service
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Recommended) 4.3 descriptive rating that the presence of the policemen should be
present in the conduct of patrolling.
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(Recommended) 3.26 descriptive rating, for the fast and adequate respond to
barangay callouts the barangay should allocate sufficient fund. Variable 2 also
shows R (Recommended) 3.2 descriptive rating, for unworthy barangay officer,
should be removed and will not be tolerated for curfew is an important activity in
barangay. Variables 3,4,5 shows same R (Recommended) 3.3, 3.23, 2.83
descriptive rating, to conduct training, seminars, education, all for knowledge and
ideas regarding rights of minors and any other laws related to curfew.
The study aims to assess the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.5. Position
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2. The respondents assessmentthe implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section 19
(curfew on minors) implementation of City Ordinance in Barangay san Antonio Paranaque City in
terms of;
3. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on
Fazit
Based from the findings of the study the following conclusions are derived:
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terms of procedure of arrest, handling arrested minors, patrol strategy. Table 7
(procedure of arrest) shows that all the variables revealed S.R. (Strongly
Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted mean, which revealed that privacy and
dignity of the minors should be preserved. Table 9 (patrol strategy) shows S.R.
(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall weighted mean, that all the variables in
the overall weighted mean of all the variables which is 4.11 S (Serious). With the
some or most of the respondents are lacking knowledge about curfew laws, and
rights of children, plus the laziness and being irresponsible (variable 5), and lack
of well trained personnel. Table 10 shows that it is not only the violation of minors
and the under-resourced facilities that they are dealing with but also their co-
officers which give more difficulties in the conduct of curfew law in the barangay.
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on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City regarding to the problems
equipped with the idea, awareness and the knowledge regarding on their field.
And also the barangay must allocate sufficient fund for more transport vehicles to
respond effectively and quickly to the barangay callouts which is the most
Recommendations
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3. Provide additional and appropriate updated training for the implementers
minors.
7. Provide training, symposium both for the enforcers and residents about
Children’s Rights.
10. Further, a similar study should be conducted in other barangay, cities and
study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
ForeignLiterature………………………………………………………...………………
……..31
Local Literature ...................................................................................................... 34
Foreign Studies ..................................................................................................... 37
Local Studies ......................................................................................................... 41
Synthesis of Literature ........................................................................................... 46
Synthesis of the Study ........................................................................................... 46
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Sampling Technique .............................................................................................. 52
Research Instrument ............................................................................................. 52
Data Gathering ...................................................................................................... 53
Statistical Treatment of the Data ........................................................................... 53
CHAPTER 4:
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
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Introduction
becoming victims of crime, abuse and other forms of exploitation and also
save them from engaging into criminal activities. Research shows that
minors learn to commit crime not by themselves, because they spent much
of their time loitering outside with adults teaching them criminal activities.
(google; secure teen). Teen curfew laws restrict the hours that juveniles
the presence and behavior of juveniles on the street during curfew hours.
Paranaque city;
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b. when the minor is upon an emergency errand directed by his parent or
guardian or other adult person having the care and custody of the minor.
c. those minor whose nature of work necessities their stay in the streets
during curfew hours provided they register with the police department
method to not only reduce opportunities for teens to commit crimes but
also to protect them from becoming crime victims. In many cities, curfews
because of the crimes and acts of violation which some of this are
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Curfew does not only gives positive effects to minors but there are
also negative. Negative effects such as; 1.keeping them from working
nightshift, there are ‘responsible’ teenagers who want to work night to help
their family financially and yet they can’t because of curfew law. 2.restricts
them of many things in life, other minors view this as a restriction on how
they can manage their lives-they cannot assert, they cannot negotiate, they
cannot learn, and therefore, they are not living their lives. 3.Some parents
use this as a control issue, there are parents who use teenage curfew so
that they can keep their kids locked up at home. Teenage curfew can be
a reason for parents to ‘overlook’ things about their children and that
questioned their viability and legitimacy as crime fighting tools. Does the
a big hindrance toward the juvenile’s freedom of teenage life. This study
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will explore this question and find out the possible effects of this
ordinance.
‘Youth curfews help keep our children out of harm’s way. They give
within a specified age range, from occupying public areas and streets
during particular times. The curfew law was adopted in response to the
increase in serious and violent juvenile crimes. Youth crime is a major and
growing problem, often involving both drugs and violence. Imposing youth
curfews can help to solve these problems, as they keep young people off
the street, and therefore out of trouble, and prevent them from
In the period from 1988 to 1993, the rates of violent crimes such
than 60%, and murder related arrests of teens nearly doubled (Snyder and
Sickmund, 1995; seibert, 1995). Therefore large cities are starting to enact
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curfew laws that are aimed towards keeping teenagers of the streets in
any teenage crimes. Whether or not these curfews are actually effective in
In Paranaque city crime level reaches 50% in July 2018, after the implementation
of the curfew ordinance which reduced since the past 3 years. Criminal activities
such as robbery, theft, murder were reduced, and minor victims of crime
2018).
asked among many researches is if the money spent enforcing these laws
could be spent in more beneficial ways among law enforcement?, and does
or a big hindrance toward the juvenile’s freedom of teenage life. This study
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will explore this question and find out the possible effects of this
ordinance.
Theoretical framework
committing a crime outweighs the benefit of the crime itself, the individual
deterrence theory can be split up into two different categories. Those two
Robert). It specifies that youth who are negative and act out in disruptive
seriousness on punishment for criminal behavior, the lower the crime rating
should be. Knowing the flight at risk when condoning in criminal activity
the likelihood in engaging will decrease due to the punishment they could
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Although general deterrence focus primarily on future behaviors,
well known criminals will never repeat in criminal activity due to the server
based on the principle that violators of specific crimes will be punished for
behaviors. It has been proven that those individuals that are motivated will
condone in deviant and criminal behaviors as long as they do not fear the
consequences of their actions. There are certain standards and rulings that
come behind curfew laws and the concept that the deterrence theory
upholds can help alter juveniles thinking process. It is stated that “crime
enforced to help prevent juvenile crime. Like all rules there are
consequences that come with breaking them. That is the briefing behind
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the deterrence theory and the relationship that it holds to curfew laws. If
punished for indulging in criminal activities normally are the ones who are
decrease in crime rate. This is the relationship between curfew laws and
deterrence theory.
The study aims to assess the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19
Section 19 (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City Basis for a
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5.1. Age
5.2. Gender
5.5. Position
6. The respondents assessmentthe implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section 19
(curfew on minors) implementation of City Ordinance in Barangay san Antonio Paranaque City in
terms of;
7. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on
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For Barangay San Antonio the outcome of the study will serve as tools to
For the Residents, this study will help the residents of Barangay San
For the Youth, this study is will help increase the community’s safety
For the Researchers, during and after the phase of the study, the
researchers they will gain essential knowledge about research and the
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Future Researcher - the result of this study will serve as an essential
study.
Paranaque City from the past 2 years up to the present. Particularly the
study will discussed; on how the respondents conduct the implementation of city
ordinance in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque city . The problems and difficulties regarding
to the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on minors) . And the action plans
Definition of terms;
someone or something.
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Community - Village, town, city are terms for groups of people living in
Crime Prevention refers to the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminal,
jurisdiction impose curfew on minors. The enact curfew laws that keeps
kinds under the age of 18 off the streets and away from crimes.
execution.
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Conceptual Framework
FEEDBACK
Figure 1
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The Paradigm of the Study
Conceptual Paradigm
model is composed of three important steps. First, the input, being the
initial step, significant data will be covered. In this study, the demographic
important data that can be taken these variables. Secondly, the process,
and ultimate facts. The process also includes the use of interviews,
tools. Finally, the output result, improved and more strict implementation of
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CHAPTER 2
This chapter deals with review of conceptual literature and related studies
Related Literature
Foreign
Grossman, Miller (2013), they that found that juvenile curfew laws were
limited number of studies and concerns with quality, they conclude that more
juvenile curfew laws. Duncklee, (2015). Laws are in existence to keep people
all the laws. Realistically, not all laws are followed and officials resort to creating
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the United States have imposed curfew laws for minors. The goal of these laws is
to deter the youth from committing crimes and while this goal is admirable, these
Pedro Vasquez, (2013). Juveniles are Juvenile curfew laws are designed
to prevent crimes committed by young people and from preventing young people
from becoming victims of crimes themselves. These laws limit the time in which
juveniles are allowed in public. expected to be off the streets and in their homes
after certain hours of the day. Juvenile’s curfew laws require the assistance of
These laws are not just intended to prevent crime or victimization, but to deter
related crime, violence, and delinquency by keeping juveniles at home during the
night time hours, where they will presumably be exposed to fewer opportunities
to commit crime or become a victim of crime. More recently, curfew laws have
been enacted to apply to the time that youths should be in school, to allow the
police to better enforce truancy laws. The target population comprises all
specify youths under 18 years of age, while others specify youths under age 17.
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Juvenile curfew laws include a variety of regulated activities and penalties. The
laws vary in targeted age groups, hours of restricted activities, exceptions, and
sanctions.
basis from 1978 to 1996 for the state of California (Males &Macallair, 1999).
Categories of youth crimes examined were: all arrests, felonies, violent felonies,
that curfew arrests were generally unrelated to juvenile arrest rates, although
they were associated with higher rates of misdemeanor arrests for all youth and
specifically for whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Curfew enforcement was related to
higher rates of violent crime by Asian youth, and higher rates of all types of crime
for Asian and white youth. The twelve most populous counties in California were
examined for the 1980-96 period. Again, curfew arrest rates were generally
unrelated to youth arrest rates overall, but were positively related to arrests for
both violent and property crimes. Most significantly, none of the counties with the
arrests for any kind of crime. The authors concluded that their analysis of teen
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curfews in California did not support the contention that curfew enforcement is
Local
policies and programs on child protection, albeit with limited funds and trained
personnel. A number of these laws and policies impact on the prevention of child
maltreatment although very few are directly related to primary prevention. There
was a disparity between what is required by national laws and policies; and
health and social services, implementation and support for programs depended
The Freeman, (2016). Curfews are not a curtailment of the ability and the
right of the young to be out and have fun or whatever. They can still go out. No
one is stopping them from doing so. What curfews do is merely to keep them
generally safe to be out. In other words, far from being an intrusion, curfews are
a means of protection. On the part of the young, they should not take curfews as
an attempt by the world to shackle them. While curfews are indeed a challenge
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that the youth needs to deal with, it is a challenge that can only make them better
should be regarded as a means to keep them safe while practicing them with
development will sputter if criminals, illegal drugs, illegal users of drugs are
allowed to roam the streets freely, victimizing seeming with impunity, the
innocent and the helpless. Worse yet, there were times in the past when the
protectors of the people were themselves the perpetrators of the very crimes they
were tasked to prevent or suppress. The ruin of the youth, the disintegration of
such as being abused inside their homes, being homeless, looking for food to
eat, peer pressure, among others. Thus, it is deemed necessary to assess each
case for provision of proper intervention to the minors who will be reached-out
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Department of Social Welfare and Development stressed that Local Government
Units may replicate their reach-out operation because the process varies across
the barangays and Local Government Units as they have different Implementing
other needs based on the result of the assessment. The Department also wants
to remind the public that reaching-out of clients is not merely about apprehending
parents and imposing fines to them but more on ensuring the safety and welfare
of minors.
emergency. The problem has to be addressed and the state has to step in. We
applications. We cannot think that we are progressing if our children are not
accounted for as they should be – the future of this country. Yes, there is a law
for day-carecenters where working parents can safely leave their children where
they are assured of care, but are there enough and are those that exist really
doing their jobs? Working day-care centers are few and far between. There are
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some feeding centers mostly run by religious, private sector individuals, and non-
government organizations. But they are not enough in the face of the great need.
The barangays are supposed to be looking out for the welfare of their residents.
Most child advocates say that barangays do not think that is in their job
the adults in their families are irresponsible, should not the state step in.
Related Studies
Foreign
during the rest of the day with the majority of violent juvenile crimes occurring
between the hours of 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. on school days. On non-school days,
violent juvenile crimes peak between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Neither of those time
It almost makes sense that 63 percent of violent juvenile crimes are committed
on school days; children are grouped together, bored, and wind up getting into or
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curfew, communities as well as the youth would almost certainly benefit from
would benefit both minors and adults and provide the youth an outlet to be
that during adolescence the brain is still immature; adolescents are less able to
regulate their behaviour, they are more sensitive to external influences (such as
peer pressure and immediate reward), and they show less ability to make
practices should not be carried over from criminal courts (which are designed for
US cities, found that burglary, theft and simple assault all saw significant
although the authors do not state by how much in percentage terms. Another
and weapons offences (29% lower), but significant increases in robbery (24%
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A New Orleans study found a gradual and permanent increase in violent and
property crimes after the introduction of juvenile curfews. They also found that
African Americans were 19 times more likely to be arrested for curfew violations.
Minneapolis found the city’s curfew to be racially biased – with 56% of curfew
charges coming against black youth compared with 17% for their white
counterparts, despite the city being majority white. Males says that he’s found a
Tau Baraka owns the Imperial Barbershop just down the road from the Boys &
Girls Club. He’s lived here in south-east San Diego for years and views curfew
gang enforcement details, “we see our youth being harassed daily.”
Proponents, however, argue that curfews help prevent young people from
way of helping kids stay safe and stay out of trouble,” said San Diego city
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councilmember Marti Emerald. “If we can help one child in their struggle then I
Jillian Carr and Jennifer Doleac, (2015). They Tested the effect of
curfew time in D.C. changes from midnight to 11:00 p.m. on September 1, and
back to midnight on July 1, roughly following the school year. The July 1 change
is very close to the July 4 holiday, but the September 1 change provides a clean
natural experiment. If curfews reduce gun violence, then when the curfew shifts
to 11:00 p.m. rather than midnight, gunfire between 11:00 p.m. and midnight
Just the opposite. Using data on gunfire incidents from Shot Spotter (acoustic
gunshot sensors that cover the most violent neighbourhoods in D.C.), we find
that after the curfew switches from midnight to 11:00 p.m., the number of gunshot
incidents increases by 150 percent during the 11:00 p.m. hour. This amounts to 7
additional gunfire incidents city-wide per week, during that hour alone. Jane
Jacobs was right: the deterrent effect of having lots of people out on the streets is
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A number of factors give us confidence that this increase in gunfire is driven by
the curfew, and represents a meaningful effect on public safety. We control for
changes during weekend and midnight hours, which are subject to the same
seasonal trends (such as the start of the new school year) but should not be
affected by the curfew change. Testing for effects hour-by-hour, we find that only
the 11:00 p.m. hour is affected, so it doesn’t appear that shifting the curfew
simply shifts gunfire to other times. And because we use Shot Spotter data on
gunfire, instead of crime reports or 911 calls, we can rule out the possibility that
have been impossible to conduct this study without these new data. Juvenile
curfews change the number of witnesses out on the streets as well as how police
are spending their time. It would be easy to dismiss any change in reported crime
as driven by a change in whether criminal activity is noticed by the police. But the
Shot Spotter sensors pick up gunfire regardless of whether anyone reports it.
Local
there are as many as 200,000 street children in the Philippines, one of the
world's largest such populations. Between 50,000 to 70,000 are situated in Metro
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works with urban poor around the world. While fertility rates have steadily fallen,
from over 7% in 1960 to over 3.1% at present, many Philippine families lack the
means to look after their children. Independent research has found that many of
the street kids are runaways escaping from difficult family situations. According to
the End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, a child-rights advocacy group, many
end up in forced prostitution situations. Their large vulnerable numbers are easy
prey for Philippine criminal syndicates, particularly those involved in drugs and
armed robbery. The government also claims vulnerable youth are forcibly
conscripted by armed rebel groups, including the communist New People's Army
Committee of the Red Cross and The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
have published reports showing that the NPA has deployed "children in combat".
UNICEF estimated that around 3% of the NPA's 9,000 or so fighters are minors,
about 1-3% of the children and youth population of the major cities in the
Philippines. Metro Manila and the National Capital Region (NCR) have an
estimated 30,000 children on the streets, while nationwide, some 250,000 street
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children are believed to be plying the streets of major urban centers. From
available studies, most are boys aged 7 to 16 years. About 75% of them still
return home to families, after working or begging on the streets. The situation of
children working and/or living on the street is viewed as a violation of the rights of
children. The five major causes for children to take to the streets are poverty and
services; breakdown of family structures; and the shift from traditional values that
physical or sexual abuse within the family. When these children experience
family problems, hunger, neglect and domestic violence, they escape from their
homes and live part-time, or even full-time on the streets. Some are simply
abandoned.
below from different barangays were rounded up Monday night after they were
caught by police roaming the streets past the city’s 10 p.m. curfew.
operations, said that the teenagers were temporarily brought to the police
headquarters for their parents to fetch them. He added that it was also a way to
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remind the parents that they were in violation of Ordinance No. 538, or the Code
Under this ordinance, the city not only imposes a 10 p.m. curfew on minors but
also holds parents responsible if ever their children violate the curfew or get
involved in a crime.
Ignacio, who led the operation Monday night, said that most of the parents told
them that they were surprised that their children were outside their homes,
thinking they were already asleep. Other parents told authorities they only asked
For this time, the police official said that they let the parents off the hook by
issuing only a stern warning. He, however, warned them they would be fined or
made to render community service if their children were caught again on the
Earlier, public information office chief Jimmy Isidro said that because of their
Code, crimes in the city involving children have significantly dropped by nearly 75
percent.
Based on data from the women and children’s protection desk of the local police,
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mischief to street rioting and robbery, in 2013. When the ordinance was
and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines was conducted to determine the
nature and extent of drug abuse in the country after the enactment of RA 9165.
the results of the study pointed out to the hazards faced by children on the
streets like being exposed to drugs and other vices. It is recommended that strict
Social Weather Station (2016), conducted survey and found that 64%
agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood, people are usually afraid
that robbers might break into their houses”, up by 12 points from 52% in April
2016 this is 9.7 points above the 54.3% average fear of burglary in 2015, and the
highest since the record-high 70% in October 1987. The survey found 53%
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agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood, people are usually afraid to
walk in the street at night because it is not safe,” up by 11 points from 42% in
April. This is 8.7 points above the 44.3% average fear of unsafe streets at night
in 2015, and the highest since 53% in March 2014. The survey also found a
record-high 62% agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood there are
already very many people addicted to banned drugs,” up by 7 points from the
previous record-high of 55% in April. This is 13.7 points above the 48.3%
according to Grossman, Miller, they found that juvenile curfew laws were
But because of limited number of studies, many people still arguing that curfew is
not effective, and they conclude that more research is needed before conclusions
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can be drawn about the effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws. Duncklee, states
thatLaws are in existence to keep people safe and out of harm’s way. Ideally,
all the laws. But sadly he said that not all laws are followed and officials resort to
Vasquez, and Wilson et al said that Juvenile curfew laws are designed to prevent
crimes committed by young people and preventing youth from becoming victims
of crimes themselves. Curfew law does not only preventing crimes but also
preventing youth from being a victim, hence curfew is can be helpful and
effective in safety of youth. Hernandez et al, said. That The Philippines has a
good number of laws, policies and programs on child protection, albeit with
Ongpin, states that the present state of Filipino children is already a national
emergency. The problem has to be addressed and the state has to step in. In
authorities.In president Rodrigo's SONA he said that there were times in the past
when the protectors of the people were themselves the perpetrators of the very
crimes they were tasked to prevent or suppress. But behind all this the
implementation and support for this programs depend on the interests and
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priorities of local executives, so public official’s cooperation is a must. Behind all
of the positive effects of curfew to youth, other youth are arguing that curfew is
opposing them from their teenage life. The Freeman, stated that Curfews are not
a curtailment of the ability and the right of the young to be out and have fun or
whatever. Curfews are a means of protection they should not take curfews as an
attempt by the world to shackle them it is a challenge that can only make them
rights, it should be regarded as a means to keep them safe while practicing them
with discipline for life's greater hurdles when they become adults. Department of
be on the streets for various reasons such as being abused inside their homes,
being homeless, looking for food to eat, peer pressure, among others. With this
Minors learn to engage in criminal activities, family should be the first to teach
their children, but instead lacking time and interest on imposing discipline making
minors to find a place where they can be valued. In addition ongpin also said that
if the adults in their families are irresponsible, should not the state step in. By
analyzing all the related literatures it shows us the different effects of curfew law,
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A New Orleans study found a gradual and permanent increase in violent
and property crimes after the introduction of juvenile curfews. National Research
Council highlights evidence that indicates that during adolescence the brain is
still immature; adolescents are less able to regulate their behaviour, they are
reward), and they show less ability to make judgments and decisions that require
future orientation. In relation ACLU quotes that “If we can help one child in their
struggle then I think that we have to say the program is at least a partial
gun violence in Washington, D.C. the gun violence increased during the curfew
International estimates that there are as many as 200,000 street children in the
Philippines, one of the worlds largest such populations, many Philippine families
lack the means to look after their children. Making youth involved in prostitution,
work as scavengers, beggars and even making them conscripted by armed rebel
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barangays were rounded up after they were caught by police roaming the streets
past the city’s 10 p.m. curfew. In relation to this the Dangerous Drug Board takes
Survey on the Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines the results of
the study pointed out to the hazards faced by children on the streets like being
exposed to drugs and other vices. In relation Social Weather Station, also
conducted survey asking about neighbourhood crimes, and showed majority are
agreeing that crimes are committed during curfew hours. The related study
serves as eye opener in the increase of the safety of the residents with emphasis
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This research will be the descriptive quantitative method for this study.
The focus and concern of this study was to assess the Implementation of city
consisting of Barangay Staff, Peace Keeping Action and Police of Barangay San
Antonio, Paranaque City. The respondents in this study will be asked to answer
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Sampling Technique.The respondents will be questioned on the basis of
their knowledge about the information desired, and give their feedback to the
Instrumentation
range of discussions. The questionnaires that will be used are composed of four
significant parts.
the respondents in term of: Age, Sex, Civil Status, Highest Educational
Paranaque city in terms of; Procedures of arrest, Process in handling arrested minors.
Part III focus on the degree of problem/difficulties regarding to the implementation of the
observed by Barangay Police, Community. Part IV is about what action plans can be
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Data Gathering Procedures
barangay captain in barangay San Antonio Paranaque city prior to the conduct of
the study. The approval will be attached in the letter prior to the distribution of
questionnaires to conduct the study. The researchers will give a brief overview
and explain to the respondents the purpose and importance of the study and
The researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the respondents. After the
retrieval of the questionnaires, the data will be tallied and tabulated, analyzed
Where:
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N= the total number of respondents
data gathered.
Weighted Mean. Weighted mean will be used to identify the trend of the
f= frequency of response
= summation sign
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terms of procedure of arrest, process in handling the arrested minors and the
4 3.40-4.19 Recommended
The second scale will be used to present the degree of seriousness of the
4 3.40-4.19 Serious
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The last scale will be used to illustrate the Level of Effectiveness to the
respondents.
4 3.40-4.19 Recommended
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Chapter 4
study.
Table 1
According to Age
21-30 2 6.66%
31-35 5 16.66%
36-40 6 20%
41-45 5 16.66%
46-50 7 23.33%
51-55 4 13.33%
56-60 1 3.33%
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Total 30 100%
age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,
and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in
56-60.
Table 2
Table 3
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Widow/Widower 2 6.66%
Total 30 100%
Table 4
Attainment
Elementary Level 0
Elementary Graduate 0
Total 30 100%
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educational attainment of the respondents are in college graduate with 12
high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.
Table 5
Table 6
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1-5 years length of service bracket with 25 frequency rating and 5 Frequency
rating in 6-10 years.
Table 7
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4.20-5.00 = Strongly Recommended; 3.40-4.19 = Recommended; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Recommended; 1.80-2.59 =
Less Recommended; 1.00-1.79 = Not Recommended
Table 8
Handling the arrested minors
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(Strongly Recommended) 4.4 descriptive rating, that minors must be treated with
respect and privacy to prevent discrimination and preserve dignity.
Table 9
Patrolling Strategy
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Table 10
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WHAT SLOLUTIONS MAYBE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE
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shows R (Recommended) 3.2 descriptive rating, for unworthy barangay officer,
should be removed and will not be tolerated for curfew is an important activity in
barangay. Variables 3,4,5 shows same R (Recommended) 3.3, 3.23, 2.83
descriptive rating, to conduct training, seminars, education, all the basic knowledge
and ideas regarding rights of minors and any other laws related to curfew.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
This study assessed the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section
arrest, handling of arrested minors, patrolling strategy, the demographic profile of the
FINDINGS
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The findings of the study were summarized according to the statement of
Age
age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,
and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in
Gender
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The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to
Civil Status
high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.
Position
Length of Service
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Table 6 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to
length of service. Majority of the respondents according to length of service are in
1-5 years length of service bracket with 25 frequency rating and 5 Frequency
rating in 6-10 years.
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awareness and information about the issue. Variable 2 shows S.R (Strongly
Recommended) 4.5 descriptive rating that it should be the women’s desk that will
handle regarding to the issue for further instructions and recommendations.
Variable 3 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.4 descriptive rating, that minors
must be treated with utmost respect and privacy to prevent discrimination and
preserve dignity.
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drunk, which is a common problems now in many sectors. Variable 3 shows a
V.S.(Very Serious) 4.23 descriptive rating, that most respondents are lacking the
knowledge regarding rights of minors on how they should be lawfully treated, since
some of the respondents in the barangay high school levels only. Variable 4 also
shows S (Serious) 4.16 descriptive rating, about respondents lacked of training in
the field of patrolling.
CONCLUSIONS:
Based from the findings of the study the following conclusions are derived:
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5. Majority of the respondents were aged
(procedure of arrest) shows that all the variables revealed S.R. (Strongly
Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted mean, which revealed that privacy and
dignity of the minors should be preserved. Table 9 (patrol strategy) shows S.R.
(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall weighted mean, that all the variables in
the overall weighted mean of all the variables which is 4.11 S (Serious). With the
some or most of the respondents are lacking knowledge about curfew laws, and
rights of children, plus the laziness and being irresponsible (variable 5), and lack
of well trained personnel. Table 10 shows that it is not only the violation of minors
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and the under-resourced facilities that they are dealing with but also their co-
officers which give more difficulties in the conduct of curfew law in the barangay.
equipped with the idea, awareness and the knowledge regarding on their field.
And also the barangay must allocate sufficient fund for more transport vehicles to
respond effectively and quickly to the barangay callouts which is the most
RECOMMENDATIONS
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Based from the conclusions the following recommendations are hereby
11. Additional training for Enforcers and Increased participation for residents.
13. Provide additional and appropriate updated training for the implementers
minors.
17. Provide training, symposium both for the enforcers and residents about
Children’s Rights.
19. Strictly tightened the qualifications for application for barangay police.
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20. Further, a similar study should be conducted in other barangay, cities and
study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Kline, P. M. (2012). The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws on Arrests of Youth and
Adults. American Law and Economics Review (1st ed., Vol. 14). Berkeley,
B. Journals/ Articles
Volume 4(8).
78
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Wilson, D. B., Gill, C., Olaghere, A., & McClure, D. (2016). Juvenile Curfew
Stress Network.
C. Electronic sources
Briefing Book. (2014, May 22). Retrieved September 07, 2017, from
http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/offenders/qa03301.asp?qaDate=2010.
Deza, M. (2016, March 28). Study Finds That Driving Curfews May Curb
https://www.utdallas.edu/news/2016/3/28-31970_Study-Finds-That-
Driving-Curfews-May-Curb-Teenage-_story-
wide.html?WT.mc_id=NewsHomePageCenterColumn
79
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Modequillo, A. (2016, June 18). Curfews are a worthy challenge for the
young. The Freeman Philippine Star. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from
https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2016/06/18/1594120/editorial-
curfews-are-worthy-challenge-young#VIkGsqVZOxqev6lk.99
peril/338241/
San Juan, JR. and Mayuga, JL. (2016) Juvenile Criminals: Waiting for that
https://businessmirror.com.ph/juvenile-criminals-waiting-for-that-second-
chance/
topics/preventing-gang-involvement/risk-and-protective-factors
Elliot. T (2016), Youth Crime: Parents Almost Always Partly to Blame. Herald
http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/tom-elliott/tom-elliott-on-youth-
80
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crime-parents-almost-always-partly-to-blame/news-
story/4c95b38999cc53f5a094fdda4c58715c
Rappler. (2017, July 25). FULL TEXT: President Duterte's State of the Nation
https://www.rappler.com/nation/176566-full-text-president-rodrigo-duterte-
sona-2017-philippines
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2017/01/16/1662702/criminal-or-
victim#ql71rLEU3PGhkzCf.99
https://www.ctpost.com/opinion/article/Curfew-an-ineffective-distraction-from-
real-3735234.php
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https://ncr.dswd.gov.ph/2016/06/dswd-ncr-calls-for-proper-case-
management-on-curfew-implementation/
http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/offenders/qa03301.asp?qaDate=2010.
Lucero V. (2016, Sept 21) Drug war lists 20,584 kids as ‘users, pushers, runners.
from http://pcij.org/uncategorized/drug-war-lists-20584-kids-as-users-
pushers-runners/
Dangerous Drug Board (2013, May 29), Household Survey on the Nature and
Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines. Retrieved October 14, 2017 from
https://www.ddb.gov.ph/newsroom/45-research-and-statistics/89-2004-
researches
risk.html
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Adriano JD. (2012) Philippines - Wasted youth in the Philippines. Asia Times
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/MJ15Ae02.html
Social Weather Station (2016, Oct 3). Second Quarter 2016 Social Weather
https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage/?artcsyscode=ART-
20161003090031
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
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1. AGE:
___ 20 – 25 years old ___ 36 – 40 years old ___ 51 - 55 years old
___ 26 – 30 years old ___ 41 – 45 years old ___ 56 – 60 years old
___ 31 – 35 years old ___ 46 – 50 years old ___ 61 years old and
above
2. GENDER:
_____ Male _____ Female
3. Civil Status:
___ Married ___ Single ___ Separated ___Widow/Widower
5. Position
___ Barangay Staff
___ Barangay Police
___ Barangay Peace maker
___ SPO1
6. Length of Service:
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______ 1 – 5 years
______ 6 – 10 years
______ 11 – 15 years
______ 16 – 20 years
______ 21 years and above
5 Strongly Recommended
4 Recommended
3 Moderately Recommended
2 Less Recommended
1 Not Recommended
A. Procedure of arrest.
1.minors should be searched by barangay police officer ONLY of the
same gender.
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3. All the procedures are done with UTMOST PRIVILEGE and all the
records involving them be considered CONFIDENTIAL.
C. Patrolling Strategy 5 4 3 2 1
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WHAT SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE
5 4 3 2 1
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-
PARANAQUE CITY
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Appendix B
LETTER OF REQUEST
December 14, 2018
Hon. LeopoldoCasale
Barangay Captain
Brgy. San Antonio Paranaque City
Greetings!
Respectfully yours,
Researchers:
_____________________
Jefferson E. Dioso
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_____________________
Christian Jay T. Tabion
_____________________
Jonathan B. Valenzona
Endorsed by:
Appendix C
References
ACADEMIA
www.academia.edu
Manila Standard
www.manilastandard.net
Google
www.google.com.ph
Scribd
www.scribd.com
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Appendix D
CURRICULLUM VITAE
DIOSO,JEFFERSON E.
CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself
Personal Information:
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
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Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Criminology 2015 – 2019
Lyceum of Alabang
Muntinlupa City
CHARACTER REFERRENCE:
Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220
I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.
____________________
JEFFERSON E. DIOSO
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CURRICULLUM VITAE
CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself
Personal Information:
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
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CHARACTER REFERRENCE:
Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220
Mr.Gerardo Palmero
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.
_______________________
CHRISTIAN JAY T. TABION
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CURRICULLUM VITAE
VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.
CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself and I will do
my best for my duty .
Personal Information:
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
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CHARACTER REFERRENCE:
Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220
Mr.Gerardo Palmero
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.
_______________________
VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.