01-JUNE-2020

ANAL YS I S
 The Hindu News Analysis – 1st June 2020 – Shankar IAS Academy

Page Number*
S. No News Articles
C B D H T

1 It’s time for a universal basic income programme in India – OPED 7 7 7 7 7

2 SpaceX’s spacecraft successfully docks with ISS 1 14 1 10 1

3 SHRC directs DCP to file report on ‘manhandling’ - - - 3 -

4 Rare scorpionfish found in Gulf of Mannar 14 14 16 - 14

5 PM Modi to share his vision with India Inc. 9 9 9 9 9

6 Bihar asks Centre to bear entire cost of schemes 9 9 9 9 9

7 Knowledge article on Styrene 7 7 7 7 7

8 Other Practice MCQs

@end of the video
9 Mains Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi ; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
Pg – 7 
C,B,D,H,T
• COVID-19 crisis - creating changes in the society
and economy – exacerbate the new challenges
accompanying the fourth industrial revolution.

 Industry 4.0  Diminishing need for human capital – less

availability of jobs or require extraordinary
 Indicates the current trend of automation skill-set.
and data exchange in manufacturing Example – Silicon valley – tech giants have a
technologies. cumulative market capitalization of over Rs.
 Characterized by the increasing digitization 4 trillion, yet they together directly employ
and interconnection of products, value chains just 1.2 million people.
and business models. • Less number of people are employed – more
 Driven by an amalgamation of emerging number of people falling into poverty.
technologies like data volumes, computational • Tool to eradicate poverty – Universal Basic
power, IoT, augmented reality, AI, Income (UBI) programme.
simulation, advanced robotics, sensor based
technologies, cyber-physical systems etc. –
revolves around disruptive technologies.
 Enormous productivity gains.
Universal Basic Income (UBI)

• A just society needs to guarantee to each • Supporters of the scheme – Economics Nobel
individual a minimum income which they can Laureates Peter Diamond and Christopher
count on and provides necessary material Pissarides, Tech leaders Mark Zuckerberg and
foundation for a life with access to basic goods Elon Musk etc.
and dignity. • Provision of an unconditional fixed amount to
• Requires that every person should have a right every citizen in a country.
to a basic income to cover their needs, just by • Kenya, Brazil, Finland, and Switzerland have
virtue of being citizens. started controlled UBI pilot programme.
• Three components – universality, unconditionality, • Provision of cash transfers to rich, trumps the
and agency. idea of equity and state welfare for the poor,
• Deliberated as an effective poverty-eradication and increases fiscal cost.
tool.
• The 2016-17 Economic Survey and IMF had Author’s view
proposed quasi-basic income schemes. • COVID-19 crisis seems to be the best time to
 Leaves out the well-off top quartile of the implement UBI.
population. • Reasons
 2016-17 Economic Survey calculated the fiscal  IMF projected global growth in 2020 is -3.0%
cost - India is projected to grow at 1.9%.
 After adjusting to inflation ₹ 7,620 per  Unemployment rate will increase.
year for an individual (for 2016-17).
 Continuation of lockdown in some format –
 At target quasi-universality rate of 75%, informal sector workforce and migrant
the fiscal cost amounted to 4.9% of the labourers will be affected.
GDP.
Conclusion
 De jure universality, de facto quasi-
universality. • For ensuring sustenance of vulnerable workforce
and migrant labourers in this pandemic –
 Lack of political will due to cost.
introduce unconditional regular pay checks at
maximum universality through UBI.
Pg - 1  C,D,T
Pg – 14  Bengaluru
Pg - 10  Hyderabad
SpaceX

• SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches the

world’s most advanced rockets and
spacecrafts- founded in 2002 by Elon Musk.

• Aim: To revolutionize space transportation,

with the ultimate goal of making life
multiplanetary.

• Historic milestones:

 It is the only private company ever to

return a spacecraft from low-Earth
orbit- achieved in 2010.

 2012: Its Dragon spacecraft attached to

the International Space Station,
exchanged cargo payloads, and returned
safely to Earth.
 Dragon Spacecraft
• Capable of carrying up to 7 passengers to and
News: from Earth orbit and beyond.
• For the first time in history, NASA astronauts • Only spacecraft currently flying that is capable
have launched from American soil in a of returning significant amounts of cargo to
commercially built and operated American crew earth.
spacecraft.
Falcon 9
• The spacecraft used is SpaceX’s Dragon
spacecraft. • A reusable, two-stage rocket designed and
manufactured by SpaceX.
• Significance:
• Aim: Reliable and safe transport of people and
 Marks the dawn of a new age in payloads into Earth orbit and beyond.
commercial space travel.
• It is the world’s first orbital class reusable
 SpaceX became the first private company rocket.
to launch people into the orbit.
• Advantage: Reusability allows SpaceX to re-fly
the most expensive parts of the rocket, which
in turn brings down the cost of space access.
International Space Station (ISS)
• ISS is a large spacecraft in orbit around
Earth- a unique science laboratory and serves
as a home to crews of astronauts and
cosmonauts.

• ISS is located in the ow Earth orbit (LEO)

and orbits earth every 90 minutes.

• ISS is an international partnership of space

agencies- space agencies of the United States,
Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.
Pg – 3  Hyderabad
State Human Rights Commission

• Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993 • Appointed by the Governor

• Can inquire into violation of Human rights only  on the recommendations of a committee
with respect to subjects mentioned in the State
list (List II) and the Concurrent list (List III)  the Chief Minister as its head
of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution  the state home minister

Composition of SHRC  the speaker of the Legislative Assembly

 the leader of the opposition in the
• Chairperson – A retired Chief Justice or Judge
Legislative Assembly
of a High Court
If bicameral legislature, includes
• Two members –
 the Chairman of the Legislative Council
 A serving or retired judge of a High Court  the leader of opposition in the Council
or a District Judge in the state with a
minimum of seven years of experience as
District Judge

 A person having knowledge or practical

experience with respect to human rights
• The Chairperson and members hold office for a
term of three years or until they attain the
age of 70 years, whichever is earlier, and
eligible for re-appointment.

• Can be removed only by the President.

• The salaries, allowances and other conditions of

service - determined by the state government.

• SHRC has all the powers of a civil court and

its proceedings have a judicial character

• Recommendatory in nature and not binding on

the state government or authority
Functions of State Human Rights Commission • Review the safeguards provided by or under the
• Inquire suo motu or on a petition presented to constitution of any law for the time being in
it, by a victim, or any person on his be into force for the protection of human rights and
complaint of recommend measures for their effective
implementation.
 Violation of human rights or abetment
• Review the factors, including acts of terrorism
thereof;
that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights and
 negligence in the prevention of such
recommend appropriate remedial measures.
violation by a public servant. • Undertake and promote research in the field of
• Intervene in any proceeding involving any human rights.
allegation of violation of human rights, pending • Spread human rights literacy among various
before a Court with the approval of such Court. sections of society and promote awareness of the
safeguards available for the protection of these
• Visit under intimation to the State Government,
rights through publications, the n seminars and
any jail or any other institution under the other available means.
control of the State Government where persons
• Encourage the efforts of Non-Governmental
are detained or lodged for purposes of organisations and institutions working in the field
treatment, reformation or protection to study of human rights.
the living conditions of the inmates and make • Such other functions as it may consider necessary
recommendations thereon. for the promotion of human rights.
 News

• Researchers at the Central Marine Fisheries

Research Institute (CMFRI) have found a rare
fish in the Gulf of Mannar.

 CMFRI

 Established by GoI in 1947 under the

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

 Later joined the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR) family in 1967.

 Emerged as a leading tropical marine

fisheries research institute in the world.

Pg – 14  C, B, T
Pg – 14  Delhi
Scorpaenopsis neglecta

• A type of Scorpionfish – one of the most colourful

and spectacular reef fishes.

• Also called as Yellowfin Scorpionfish.

• Belongs to the family Scorpaenidae.

 Exhibit variegated colour patterns and thus

merge well with their surroundings.

 Enables to remain undetected by the prey and

predators.

 Characteristic feature – venomous spines that

contain neurotoxic venom for defense
mechanism – fatal to other animals and
extremely painful to humans.
 • Distribution – Indo-West Pacific region.

• Species is solitary and only congregate for

mating.

• Habitat – open sand and mud bottoms.

• This species is of no interest to fisheries –

but often taken as bycatch.

• IUCN Red List – Least Concern.

Source: IUCN
Pg – 9  C , B , D , H , T
India Inc. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
• A London-based media house that produces • A non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led
incisive content and events on investment, and industry-managed organization founded in
trade and policy matters relating to India’s 1895
increasingly globalised economic and strategic
• Objective: To create and sustain conducive
agenda.
environment for the development of India, by
• Publication: ‘India Global Business’ partnering with various stakeholders such as
industry, Government and civil society.
• Organises several high impact events such as
UK-India Week 2019 • Five priority areas: employment generation,
rural-urban connect, energy security,
• Founded in 2011 by strategist and
environmental sustainability and governance.
entrepreneur Manoj Ladwa
 Central Sector Schemes and Centrally
Sponsored Schemes
• Main difference is based on the pattern of
funding and the modality for implementation.

1. Central Sector Schemes

• They are 100% funded by the Union government

and implemented by the Central Government
machinery.

Pg – 9  C, B, D , H , T • Mainly formulated on subjects from the Union

List.

• Also includes certain programmes which are

directly implemented by various Central
Ministries implements in States and UTs.
2. Centrally Sponsored Schemes
• A certain percentage of the funding is borne by
Practice Question – Prelims
the States and the implementation is by the
State Governments. Q. Consider the following statements:
• The ratio of fund sharing can be in the ratio of 1. The Core of the Core Schemes are a
50:50, 70:30, 75:25 or 90:10. category of Centrally Sponsored Schemes,
• Formulated in subjects from the State List to
which mandates compulsory participation
encourage States to prioritise in areas that
of the States.
require more attention. 2. Atal Bhujal Yojana and MGNREG
• In 2016, they were rationalized and restructured
Programme are some of the Core of the
based on the recommendations of Sub-Group of
Core Schemes.
Chief Ministers. Which of the statements given above is/are
• All the Centrally Sponsored Schemes were correct?
classified into 3 lists - Core of the Core (CoC), (a) 1 only
Core and Optional schemes. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
• CoC and Core schemes have compulsory
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
participation of states; but States have
discretion over optional schemes.
 Prelims Question – 2015
Q. With reference to 'fly ash' produced by the power
plants using coal as fuel, which of the following
statements is/are correct?
1. Fly ash can be used in the production of bricks
for building construction.
2. Fly ash can be used as a replacement for some
of the Portland cement contents of concrete.
3. Fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and
calcium oxide only, and does not contain any
toxic elements.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 and 2 (Correct answer)
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Which of the following best describes
‘Styrene’?
(a) It is a flammable liquid.
(b) It is used primarily in the production of
plastic containers, packaging, synthetic
marble, etc.
(c) It is stored in factories at temperatures
below 20 degree Celsius to prevent its
evaporation.
(d) All the above.
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to ‘Scorpionfish’, sometimes
seen in news, consider the following
statements.
1. They have a characteristic feature of
venomous spines for defense mechanism.
2. It is listed as critically endangered by the
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Which among the statements given above
is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. The Core of the Core Schemes are a
category of Centrally Sponsored Schemes,
which mandates compulsory participation
of the States.
2. Atal Bhujal Yojana and MGNREG
Programme are some of the Core of the
Core Schemes.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to ‘State Human Rights
Commission (SHRC)’:
1. It is a Constitutional body for the
promotion and protection of human
rights.
2. The orders of SHRC are legally binding on
appropriate State Governments.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements with reference
to ‘Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)’:
1. It is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-
led and industry-managed organization.
2. It was established before Indian independence
and aims to create and sustain an environment
conducive to the development of India, by
partnering industry, Government and civil
society.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. The International Space Station is a large
spacecraft located in the Low Earth orbit,
and orbits earth every 90 minutes.
2. Recently, the Dragon spacecraft of SpaceX
became the first private spacecraft to take
humans to the International Space Station.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Answers
1. Option ‘a’ – 1 only
2. Option ‘a’ – 1 only
3. Option ‘d’ – Neither 1 nor 2
4. Option ‘c’ – Both 1 and 2
5. Option ‘c’ – Both 1 and 2
 Practice Question – Mains
GS – II
Q. How far do you agree with the view that
Universal Basic Income (UBI) programme
is an effective poverty-eradication tool?
Critically evaluate the pros and cons.
(250 words, 15 marks)