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  • The Contributions of John Paul Lederach and Johan Galtung in The Conflict Transformation

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    Shepherd Cha'abata
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    Conflict Resolution and Conflict Management have been common place terms synonymous with war torn zones or post-conflict periods. Whilst resolving and managing conflict is a precondition for progress in post-conflict times; and these two terms being popular in the mainstream academic discourses they tend to give a notion of limitedness. They are limited in the idea that you cannot quickly resolve or manage deep socio-political problems and expect significant changes. Hence Conflict Transformatio

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    The Contributions of John Paul Lederach and Johan Galtung in the Conflict Transformation

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    Conflict Resolution and Conflict Management have been common place terms synonymous with war torn zones or post-conflict periods. Whilst resolving and managing conflict is a precondition for progress in post-conflict times; and these two terms being popular in the mainstream academic discourses they tend to give a notion of limitedness. They are limited in the idea that you cannot quickly resolve or manage deep socio-political problems and expect significant changes. Hence Conflict Transformatio

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    342 views3 pages

    The Contributions of John Paul Lederach and Johan Galtung in The Conflict Transformation

    Uploaded by

    Shepherd Cha'abata
    Conflict Resolution and Conflict Management have been common place terms synonymous with war torn zones or post-conflict periods. Whilst resolving and managing conflict is a precondition for progress in post-conflict times; and these two terms being popular in the mainstream academic discourses they tend to give a notion of limitedness. They are limited in the idea that you cannot quickly resolve or manage deep socio-political problems and expect significant changes. Hence Conflict Transformatio

    Copyright:

    Attribution (BY)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Conflict Resolution and Conflict Management have been common place terms synonymous

    with war torn zones or post-conflict periods. Whilst resolving and managing conflict is a
    precondition for progress in post-conflict times; and these two terms being popular in the
    mainstream academic discourses they tend to give a notion of limitedness. They are limited in
    the idea that you cannot quickly resolve or manage deep socio-political problems and expect
    significant changes. Hence Conflict Transformation a mordenistic and intuitive approach to
    dealing with conflict.

    Conflict transformation is to envision and respond to the ebb and flow of social conflict as
    life-giving opportunities for creating constructive change processes that reduce violence,
    increase justice in direct interaction and social structures, and respond to real-life problems in
    human relationships1.

    Johan Galtung and John Paul Lederach tend to agree on the validity of this approach
    inasmuch as their application and background to this method varies to a certain level.
    According to Jothan Galtung in his Conflict

    We typically think of dialogue as direct interaction between people or groups. Conflict


    transformation shares this view. Many of the skill-based mechanisms that are called upon to
    reduce violence are rooted in the communicative abilities to exchange ideas, find common
    definitions to issues, and seek ways forward toward solutions. However, a transformational
    view believes that dialogue is necessary for both creating and addressing social and public
    spheres where human institutions, structures, and patterns of relationships are constructed.
    Processes and spaces must be created so that people can engage and shape the structures that
    order their community life, broadly defined. Dialogue is needed to provide access to, a voice
    in, and constructive interaction with, the ways we formalize our relationships and in the ways
    our organizations and structures are built, respond, and behave2.

    Many of the ideas expressed by George Kennan in the mid-1940s were not new. Dur

    1
    C. Ben Wright, George F. Kennan: Scholar-Diplomat, 1926-1946 (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1972)
    2
    C. Ben Wright, George F. Kennan: Scholar-Diplomat, 1926-1946 (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1972)
    Bibliography

    Ferrell Robert H, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman,
    1947 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1963)

    Kennan G. F, “Considerations Affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact,”


    November 23, 1948, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948, vol. 3: 287-290.

    Kennan G. F, “Contemporary Problems of Foreign Policy,” September 17, 1948, and “United
    States Foreign Policy,” October 11, 1948, Kennan Papers, Box 17; Gregory Mitrovich,
    Undermining the Kremlin: America’s Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc (Ithaca, N.Y.:
    Cornell University Press, 2000)

    Kennan G. F, Memorandum, November 24, 1948, Foreign Relations of the United States,
    1948, vol. 3: 283-286.

    Kennan G. F, “Problems of Far Eastern Policy,” January 14, 1948, Kennan Papers, Box 17;
    idem, “Review of Current Trends: U.S. Foreign Policy,” February 24, 1948, in The State
    Department Policy Planning Papers, ed. Anna Kasten Nelson (New York: Garland
    Publishing, 1983), vol. 2: 125-135.

    Messer Robert L, The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the
    Origins of the Cold War (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1982)

    Todd Allan, The Cold War, (Cambidge, Cambridge University Press, 2010)

    Wright C. Ben, Mr. "X" and Containment, Slavic Review, vol. 35, no. 1, (The American
    Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies)

    Wright C. Ben, George F. Kennan: Scholar-Diplomat, 1926-1946, (Ph.D. diss., University of


    Wisconsin, 1972)

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