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View Report Comprehensive Development Plan Puducherry 2036 PDF
View Report Comprehensive Development Plan Puducherry 2036 PDF
FINAL REPORT
IDENTIFICATION TABLE
Date 31.10.2019
Confidentiality Yes
Language English
DISCLAIMER
All rights reserved. The report and maps have been prepared as part of the Comprehensive Development Plan for
Puducherry Planning Area. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission of Puducherry Planning Authority.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the report, maps or any part of the document
prepared for the Comprehensive Development Plan For Puducherry Planning Area 2036 do not imply the expression
of any opinion whatsoever on part of Puducherry Planning Authority concerning the legal status of any state,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its boundaries, or regarding the degree of
data and development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of the report do not necessarily reflect the
views of Puducherry Planning Authority.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1 HISTORY OF THE CITY 1
1.1.2 REGIONAL SETTING 2
1.1.3 REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY 3
1.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY 6
1.1.5 CLIMATE 6
1.2 STUDY REGION AT A GLANCE 10
1.2.1 ROADS 11
1.2.2 RAILWAYS AND PORT 11
1.2.3 ADJACENT EMPLOYMENT CENTERS 11
1.2.4 HOUSING 11
1.2.5 SLUMS 12
1.2.6 STREET VENDING ZONES 13
1.2.7 RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 14
1.2.8 TOURISM 15
1.3 BACKGROUND OF PUDUCHERRY PLANNING AREA 16
1.3.1 GLIMPSE OF PREVIOUS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANS 16
1.3.2 COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1983 17
1.3.3 REVIEW OF THE CDP 1983 17
1.3.4 COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1997 18
1.3.5 LIMITATIONS OF CDP REVIEW 1997 18
1.3.6 COMPARISON OF CDP 1983 AND 1997 18
2 DEMOGRAPHY 22
2.1 POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN STUDY REGION 22
2.2 POPULATION DENSITY 24
2.2.1 NEIGHBOURHOOD STATES POPULATION DENSITY 24
2.2.2 POPULATION DENSITY OF PUDUCHERRY UT & REGION 25
2.3 BIRTH & DEATH RATE 29
2.4 MIGRATION 30
2.5 SEX RATIO 32
2.5.1 SEX RATIO IN NEIGHBOURHOOD STATES 32
2.5.2 SEX RATIO IN PUDUCHERRY REGION 33
2.6 LITERACY 33
2.7 AGE STRUCTURE 34
2.8 OCCUPATION STRUCTURE 35
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12.3.1 KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 344
12.3.2 FRAMEWORK 345
12.4 APPLICATION OF PLANNING THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES 346
12.4.1 ORDER OF SETTLEMENT 346
12.4.2 LEVEL OF URBANIZATION 384
12.4.3 PLANNING AREA MORPHOLOGY 399
12.5 APPLICATION OF PLANNING THEORIES 403
12.5.1 CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL 404
12.5.2 SECTOR MODEL 404
12.5.3 MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL 405
12.5.4 URBAN REALM MODEL 406
12.5.5 CENTRAL PLACE THEORY 407
12.5.6 A MODEL BEST SUITED FOR PUDUCHERRY 407
12.6 CONCEPTUAL PLAN FOR PUDUCHERRY PLANNING AREA 2036 408
12.6.1 THE BOULEVARD AREA- CONSERVATION ZONE 409
12.6.2 THE CONURBATION AREA- DENSIFICATION ZONE 411
12.6.3 RURAL AREAS & GROWTH CENTERS 413
12.6.4 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR PPA 417
12.7 PROPOSED LAND USE AND ZONING 421
12.7.1 PROPOSED LAND USE FOR BOULEVARD 421
12.7.2 PROPOSED LAND USE FOR CONURBATION AREA 423
12.7.3 PPA LANDUSE PLAN 431
12.7.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION 436
13 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING 437
13.1 PROVISIONS GIVEN IN THE PUDUCHERRY TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
ACT 1969 437
13.2 SALIENT FEATURES DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS 437
13.3 POLICY FRAMEWORK RELATED ACTIONS 441
13.4 LAND POOLING AND PLOT RECONSTITUTION FOR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
442
13.5 VITAL PROJECTS 443
13.6 PHASING & COSTING 450
13.6.1 PHASING AND COSTING OF PROJECTS 450
13.6.2 PHASING AND COSTING OF NEW ROADS (NEW/MISSING LINKAGES) 452
13.6.3 PHASING AND COSTING OF ROAD WIDENING 454
13.7 RESOURCE MOBILISATION 466
13.7.1 LAND BASED FINANCING MECHANISMS 467
13.7.2 INVOLVING PRIVATE SECTOR 470
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Timeline Colonial to Independence 1
Figure 1.2 Geographical location of four districts in Union Territory of Puducherry 2
Figure 1.3 Regional Linkages of important Metros and other Cities around Puducherry region
4
Figure 1.4 Connectivity of Nearby cities and towns around Puducherry region 5
Figure 1.5 Natural Drainage Network 8
Figure 1.6 Soil Map of Puducherry Planning Area 9
Figure 1.7 Layout of Boulevard Town 11
Figure 1.8 French Quarter streetscape 11
Figure 1.9 Tamil Quarter streetscape 12
Figure 1.10 Housing Characteristics outside Boulevard Town 12
Figure 1.11 Street Vending Activities 13
Figure 1.12 Map showing major street vending zones in PPA 14
Figure 1.13 Aurobindo Ashram 14
Figure 1.14 French Town 15
Figure 1.15 Paradise Beach 15
Figure 1.16 Botanical Garden 15
Figure 1.17 Major Events in the Planning of Puducherry 17
Figure 1.18 Proposed Land Use Map 1994 20
Figure 1.19 Proposed Landuse Map 1997 21
Figure 2.1 Population Distribution in UT, 2011 22
Figure 2.2 Population Growth Rate of last three decades 24
Figure 2.3 Population Density Map of Puducherry Municipality, 2001 & 2011 26
Figure 2.4 Population Density Map of Oulgaret Municipality, 2001 & 2011 27
Figure 2.5 Population Density map of Commune Panchayats, 2001 & 2011 28
Figure 2.6 Trend in Birth and Death rate – Puducherry UT 29
Figure 2.7 Trend in Birth and Death rate of Puducherry Region 30
Figure 2.8 Number of In-migrants in Puducherry Region, 1981-2001 31
Figure 2.9 Reason for Immigration, Census 2001 31
Figure 2.10 Population by Age Group in Puducherry Union Territory, 2011 34
Figure 2.11 Male Female distribution in the age group of 0-6 35
Figure 2.12 Percentage of working population between 2001 and 2011 37
Figure 2.13 Population Projection for year 2036 42
Figure 3.1 Share of Workforce Urban-Rural in PPA, 2011 44
Figure 3.2 Occupational Pattern in PPA, 1981-2011 44
Figure 3.3 Work Rate Participation in PPA, 2001 & 2011 46
Figure 3.4 Workforce distribution by type of workers, 2001 & 2011 48
Figure 3.5 Type of working population for various areas of PPA 50
Figure 3.6 Growth of GSDP from 1971 to 2016 52
Figure 3.7 Sectoral Distribution of Gross State Domestic Product 53
Figure 3.8 Per capita income at Constant prices 54
Figure 3.9 GSDP Contribution of Agriculture sector, UT of Pondicherry 55
Figure 3.10 Fish Market 55
Figure 3.11 Fishing Contribution in overall Economy, UT of Pondicherry 55
Figure 3.12 Contribution of Tourism in overall Economy 57
Figure 3.13 Growth in Industrial Units in PPA, 2007-14 59
Figure 3.14 Location of Industries in Puducherry region 60
Figure 3.15 Contribution of Industrial economy 61
Figure 3.16 Old Port 62
Figure 3.17 Central Business District of Puducherry region 63
Figure 3.18 Export Statistics 64
Figure 3.19 Informal markets 65
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1
Agro climatic features of the Sub Regions 6
Table 1-2
Rainfall Data for Puducherry Region 7
Table 1-3
Temperature data for Puducherry Region - 2015 7
Table 1-4
Details of Puducherry Planning Area 10
Table 1-5
Number of Slum Settlements in PPA, 2011 12
Table 1-6
Comparative Statement of land use analysis between proposed land use 1983 and
1997 18
Table 2-1 Population of Puducherry Union Territory, 2011 22
Table 2-2 Decadal Population Growth rate in Puducherry Region, 1981 to 2011 22
Table 2-3 Average Population density of India 24
Table 2-4 Population density of Neighbourhood states 24
Table 2-5 Population Density in Puducherry Union Territory 25
Table 2-6 Population Density in Puducherry Planning Area 25
Table 2-7 Registered Birth & Death 2001-2010, Puducherry UT 29
Table 2-8 Birth Rate & Death Rate 2006-2010, Puducherry Region 30
Table 2-9 Details of Migration, Puducherry Region 30
Table 2-10 Details of in migration in Puducherry Planning Area 31
Table 2-11 Reasons for migration from Household Survey - 2015 32
Table 2-12 Sex ratio in India 32
Table 2-13 Sex Ratio in neighbourhood states 32
Table 2-14 Details of sex ratio in Puducherry Planning Area 33
Table 2-15 Effective Literacy rate for Puducherry Planning Area in year 2011 33
Table 2-16 Age Group (0-6 Age) Puducherry region 35
Table 2-17 Occupation Structure by sectors of economy (2001) 35
Table 2-18 Occupation Structure by sectors of Economy (2011) 36
Table 2-19 Population by Religious Communities in Puducherry Union Territory, 2001 38
Table 2-20 Population Projection for PPA based on Arithmetic Progression Method 38
Table 2-21 Population Projection for PPA based on Geometric Progression Method 39
Table 2-22 Population Projection for PPA based on Incremental Increase Method 40
Table 2-23 Population Projection for PPA based on Exponential Increase Method 40
Table 2-24 Population Projection for PPA based on Compound Annual Growth Method 41
Table 2-25 Population projection by incremental increase method 41
Table 3-1 Workforce Participation Rate (2001 and 2011) 44
Table 3-2 Workforce distribution by type of workers in Planning Area (2001) 47
Table 3-3 Workforce distribution in Planning Area (2011) 47
Table 3-4 Workforce Distribution by sectors of Economy (2001) 48
Table 3-5 Work Force Distribution by sectors of Economy (2011) 49
Table 3-6 Annual Compound Growth Rates of Gross State Domestic Product And Per Capita
Income in Selected States At 2011-12 Constant Prices During 2011-12 To 2014-
15 50
Table 3-7 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) And Per Capita Income (PCI) Of Puducherry
at 2011-12 Prices 51
Table 3-8 Compound annual growth rate of gross state domestic product and per capita
income of Puducherry from 1970-71 - 2015-16 at constant prices (in
percentages) 51
Table 3-9 Sectoral Distribution of Gross State Domestic Product at Constant Prices 52
Table 3-10 Quantity of Marine and Inland Production 56
Table 3-11 GSDP contribution of Tourism sector, UT of Pondicherry 56
Table 3-12 Number of Industrial units 59
Table 3-13 GSDP contribution of industrial sector, UT of Pondicherry 60
Table 3-14 Details of Import-Export activities in Port 62
Table 3-15 Puducherry Union Territory Population Below Poverty Line 2011-12 65
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Table 3-16 Puducherry Union Territory BPL per capita income - Urban 65
Table 3-17 Puducherry Union Territory BPL per capita income - Rural 65
Table 3-18 Employment Projection for year 2036 66
Table 4-1 Details of Puducherry Municipality 70
Table 4-2 Existing Landuse Analysis for Puducherry Municipality-2015 71
Table 4-3 Details of Oulgaret Municipality 77
Table 4-4 Existing Landuse Analysis for Oulgaret Municipality-2015 78
Table 4-5 Details of Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat 84
Table 4-6 Existing Landuse Analysis for Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat-2015 85
Table 4-7 Details of Villianur Commune Panchayat 91
Table 4-8 Existing Landuse Analysis for Villianur Commune Panchayat-2015 92
Table 4-9 Details of Mannadipet Commune Panchayat 98
Table 4-10 Existing Landuse Analysis for Mannadipet Commune Panchayat-2015 98
Table 4-11 Details of Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat 105
Table 4-12 Existing Landuse Analysis for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat-2015 105
Table 4-13 Details of Bahour Commune Panchayat 112
Table 4-14 Existing Landuse Analysis for Bahour Commune Panchayat-2015 112
Table 4-15 Existing Landuse Analysis for Puducherry Planning Area-2015 119
Table 4-16 Comparative ELU 2015 - Analysis of Municipalities and Commune Panchayats 121
Table 4-17 Comparative ELU Analysis of Boulevard Town, Conurbation Area and Outside
Conurbation Area 122
Table 5-1 List of National Highways passing through Puducherry Planning Area 125
Table 5-2 List of State Highways passing through Puducherry Planning Area 125
Table 5-3 List of Other District Roads (ODR) in Puducherry Planning Area 127
Table 5-4 List of roads in urban areas, Puducherry Planning Area 129
Table 5-5 List of Rural Roads in PPA 130
Table 5-6 List of major roundabouts in Puducherry Planning Area 134
Table 5-7 List of major cross intersections in Puducherry Planning Area 134
Table 5-8 List of major T-Junctions in Puducherry Planning Area 136
Table 5-9 List of major Y-Junctions in Puducherry Planning Area 137
Table 5-10 No. of Vehicles in Puducherry Planning Area 139
Table 5-11 Major Category of Vehicles registered in Puducherry 140
Table 5-12 Per Capita Trip Rate of Mode 141
Table 5-13 Parking Facility Available in PPA 145
Table 5-14 Details of Accidents based of Injuries & Fatality, PPA 146
Table 5-15 Details of Private Buses in Puducherry 147
Table 5-16 Total Number of Commuters from Puducherry Bus terminus, 2009-13 158
Table 5-17 List of Intra City Services from Puducherry, 2016 160
Table 5-18 Details of Urban Bus Service, Puducherry Planning Area 160
Table 5-19 List of Inter-City Bus Service from Puducherry Bus Terminus, 2016 161
Table 5-20 List of Trains from Puducherry Railway Station 163
Table 5-21 Number of Commuters from Puducherry Railway Station 163
Table 5-22 Cargo Details of Puducherry Port, 2001-14 167
Table 5-23 List of bottlenecks in Puducherry Planning Area 172
Table 5-24 Road Category Proposed for Puducherry Planning Area 173
Table 6-1 Number of Household in PPA, 2011 196
Table 6-2 Distribution of Households living in permanent, semi-permanent and temporary
houses 197
Table 6-3 proportionate of households by ownership of dwellings in Urban area 198
Table 6-4 Proportionate of households by ownership of dwellings in Rural area 199
Table 6-5 Proportionate of households by ownership of dwellings in Puducherry Planning
area 200
Table 6-6 Shelterless Population/Housing shortage of Puducherry Planning Area 208
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Table 6-7 Details of Slums and their population at various regions in Puducherry Union
Territory 210
Table 6-8 List of Notified Slums 210
Table 6-9 List of Identified Slums 215
Table 6-10 List of Slum Up gradation Programme, Puducherry Region 219
Table 6-11 List of Current Slum Clearance Board Projects in Puducherry Planning Area, 2015
220
Table 6-12 List of numbers of flats in each location at Puducherry region 221
Table 6-13 List of Plots Developed in each location at Puducherry region 221
Table 6-14 List of Co-operative Housing Societies in UT of Puducherry Region 222
Table 6-15 List of Allotments by Adi-Dravidar Welfare Department 224
Table 6-16 Congestion Factor of Puducherry Planning Area, 2011 225
Table 6-17 Obsolescence Factor of Puducherry Planning Area, 2011 225
Table 6-18 Non-durability of Housing in Puducherry Planning Area,2011 226
Table 6-19 Details of Housing shortage 227
Table 6-20 Housing Demand for Puducherry Planning Area, 2036 228
Table 6-21 Total Housing shortage for Puducherry Planning area – 2036 230
Table 6-22 Housing shortage based on income group 231
Table 6-23 List of Revenue Survey Numbers identified for affordable housing 232
Table 7-1 Population Projection for year 2048 under water supply augmentation project239
Table 7-2 Water Demand for as per Augmentation of Water Supply Source & Rehabilitation
System in Urban Areas in Puducherry by PWD 240
Table 7-3 Water Demand for 2036 in PPA 241
Table 7-4 Proposals augmenting Water Demand for 2036 in PPA 242
Table 7-5 Sewage Generation & STP Capacity for 2036 in PPA 244
Table 7-6 List of Sewerage Zones in PPA 244
Table 7-7 Details of Existing & Proposed Sewage Treatment Plants 247
Table 7-8 The proposed STPs and their capacities 247
Table 7-9 Length of the drains in the Puducherry Planning Area 249
Table 7-10 Various Sources of Solid Wastes in Puducherry Urban Area 250
Table 7-11 Solid Waste Generation & Demand of Disposal Site for 2036 252
Table 7-12 Power Demand for 2036 256
Table 7-13 No. of Pre-primary Schools to Secondary Schools 257
Table 7-14 No. of Higher Education Institutions 258
Table 7-15 List of Prominent Educational Institutions in Planning Area 260
Table 7-16 Demand-Supply Gap Assessment of Educational Facilities: School Level 261
Table 7-17 Demand-Supply Gap Assessment of Educational Facilities: College level 262
Table 7-18 Demand of Educational Facilities & Land Requirement for 2036 264
Table 7-19 Existing Health Facilities 265
Table 7-20 Demand-Supply Gap Assessment of Medical Services 266
Table 7-21 Demand of Health Facilities & Land Requirement for 2036 269
Table 8-1 List of ASI protected Monuments in Puducherry 275
Table 9-1 Siddhar Spiritual Circuits 296
Table 10-1 Predominant Wind direction in Puducherry region 305
Table 10-2 Details of tanks in Puducherry Region 309
Table 10-3 List of Natural drainage in Puducherry Region 314
Table 10-4 Length of Storm water drainage in Urban areas. 315
Table 10-5 Environmental Performance Ranking 316
Table 10-6 Details of Wildlife Sanctuary in Puducherry Region 319
Table 11-1 Details of River Systems in Puducherry Region 328
Table 11-2 Water Level & Capacity of Tanks in Puducherry Region 328
Table 11-3 Details of Natural Calamities in Puducherry Region 329
Table 11-4 Cyclone Thane Damage & Population Affected 330
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Puducherry, formerly known as Pondicherry is the largest region in the Union Territory of Puducherry
having an area of 294.23 sq. kms and accommodates the population of 9.5 lac, as per census, 2011.
Puducherry is famous for its cross-cultural heritage, which is derived from the European influence
consequent to French Rule from the way back of 280 years.
Puducherry houses many important historical buildings manifesting the French era in its history
timeline. It is also a destination for spiritual seekers due to the presence of Aurobindo Ashram and
proximity to Auroville. The place is blessed with a number of natural scenic sites. The role that the
city has to play in providing higher order services and facilities are also kept in view while preparing
the plan for this planning area.
Once the “French window of India”, this beautiful town is heading towards utter chaos due to
unplanned growth which has taken place in the past few decades. The problems of Puducherry town
and its environs are becoming more and more critical due to increased pressure on infrastructure
services and haphazard growth. The problems are assuming serious propositions in all aspects of
urban life. The major focus is on sectors like basic municipal services, social and physical
infrastructure, traffic and transportation, housing, conservation of natural and historical heritage,
which require immediate attention of planners & engineers.
The government constituted the Puducherry Planning
Authority under Pondicherry Town & Country Planning Act,
1969. Preparation of Master Plan for a city is a long-drawn
exercise. The Scenario of growth and development trends for
the past and present has to be thoroughly analysed, in order
to understand the most influencing factors in the system
which would pave the way to forecast the future scenario to
arrive a perspective plan. Compact development in the
interest of optimum utilization of infrastructure is another
approach for city planning.
The colonial period started with Portuguese as they were the first Europeans to trade in textile in
1521 and subsequently with the Dutch and the Danes in the 17th century.
The prospering trade of Puducherry attracted the French and the predominant feature of the town
was laid by the French pioneer Francois Martin in the form of a French settlement in 1674 A.D. In
1693, Puducherry was captured by the Dutch but restored in 1699 A.D. subsequently with the Treaty
of Ryswick.
The French acquired Mahe in 1720, Yanam in 1731, and Karaikal in 1738. The British captured the
city from the French but returned it following the Treaty of Paris in 1763. This Anglo- French war
continued until 1814 A.D., when finally, France had the control over the settlements of Puducherry,
Mahe, Yanam, Karaikal and Chandernagar even during the British period until 1954. It was a reign of
one hundred and thirty-eight years under French and finally on 31st October, 1954, they left the
Indian shores following De Facto transfer of power.
Puducherry region is situated on the Coromandel Coast towards south of Chennai at an approximate
distance of 162 km by road and 204 km by rail. Puducherry region is limited on the east by the Bay
of Bengal and on the other three sides by the South Arcot districts (Villupuram and Cuddalore) of
Tamilnadu State. It is not a contiguous area and is interspersed with bits of territory of Tamilnadu
State. Even though the planning area for the preparation of Comprehensive Development Plan is
only for the Puducherry region or Puducherry Planning Authority Area, it is also important to
understand the correlation of all the regions and the impacts of socio-economic development with
its influence over the hinterlands and surrounding areas.
1.1.3.1 ROADWAYS
Puducherry is well connected through roads to major cities/towns towards northern, southern and
western side. The major metropolitan area adjacent to the planning area is Chennai and is easily
reachable by roadways through NH-45A and East Coast Road (ECR). The SH 49 road also connects
to Chennai Via Marakanam. Tindivanam connects through NH 66, Northwestern side of Puducherry
region. It is the municipality in the district of Villupuram in the state of Tamilnadu with an area of
around 22 sq kms and population of 72,796 as per Census of India, 2011. Villupuram connects
through NH - 45A in Western side and Cuddalore through NH - 45A in Southern side of Puducherry
region.
Villupuram is also a municipality and the administrative headquarter for the district of Villupuram
with an area of 32 sq km and population of 1,21,198 as per Census of India, 2011. Cuddalore is the
other major industrial town is located in the southern side of Puducherry region. Cuddalore is a
municipality and a district head quarter of Cuddalore district with an area of 27 sq km and has
1,73,676 population. The SH 203 also called as Vazhudhavur road connects to Thirukannur and
other surrounding major hinterlands of Puducherry region. The other major city next to Chennai is
Bangalore which is also called "Silicon Valley of India" or "IT capital of India". It is easily reachable
by roadways NH 66 via Thiruvannamalai.
The Boulevard area i.e. existing CBD of Puducherry is connected to NH 45A, NH 66, SH 49 and SH
203 through Maraimalai Adigal Salai and Kamaraj Salai. This is shown in the figure 1.2.
1.1.3.2 RAILWAYS
Puducherry region is well linked with other states of India through railway network. Puducherry
region has one major railway station connected to Chennai metropolitan region on daily basis.
Bangalore is also other important IT city of India reachable by railways from Puducherry via salem
and Hosur. The other railway station within the Puducherry Planning area is Villianur railway station
situated along the NH45A.
Villupuram Junction is a prominent and nearby railway Junction, situated at a distance of 39 km from
Puducherry region, serves as the distribution point of rail traffic towards the other parts of the state.
Puducherry railway station have various trains operating to and from major cities in India, which
provides easy access to the tourist visiting the city and the local population. The regional linkages
of important Metros and other Cities around Puducherry region through roadways and railways are
represented in figure 1.3.
1.1.3.3 AIRWAYS
The Puducherry region currently has an airport facility, which is yet to be brought under major civil
aviation network. As of now flight services are operated to Bangalore and Hyderabad. The nearest
major functional domestic and international airport is in Chennai which is almost 135 km proximity
from Pondicherry region. The Bangalore is also easily reachable through airways from Chennai
airport.
Puducherry airport was operational for short duration in 2013-14 when Spice Jet operated flights to
Bangalore and in 2015 Alliance air started operating to Bangalore for six months’ period, which was
stopped due to financial issues. Due to low passenger turning up on domestic routes, these attempts
to revive the airport wasn’t successful, the feasibility of operating international flights should be
accessed due to the fact that Puducherry attracts a lot of foreign tourist and this have to be explored
in detail.
Figure 1.3 Regional Linkages of important Metros and other Cities around Puducherry region
1.1.3.4 PORT
The Puducherry Port is situated in the East Coast between two major ports viz., Chennai and
Tuticorin. Puducherry Port is at about 150 Km south of Chennai Port. The other nearest Port is
Cuddalore port and karaikal Port situated at a distance of about 28 km and 140 Km respectively.
There is a proposal to start passenger ferry service between the ports of Chennai and Karaikal
through Pondicherry Port (Port department, Puducherry). The National waterways act 2008 provides
for the declaration of the Kakinada-Puducherry stretch of canals comprising of Kakinada canal, Eluru
canal, Commamur canal, Buckingham canal and the Kaluvelly tank, Bhadrachalam-Rajahmundry
stretch of river Godavari and Wazirabad - Vijayawada stretch of river Krishna in the States of Andhra
Pradesh and Tamilnadu and the Union territory of Puducherry declared to be a national waterway
(Ministry of shipping).
Figure 1.4 Connectivity of Nearby cities and towns around Puducherry region
1.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY
The Puducherry region is located on a flat plain with an average elevation of 15 m from Mean Sea
Level (MSL) and a number of sea inlets, referred to as "backwaters" can be found. The region is
intersected by the deltaic channels of River Gingee and the Pennaiyar and other streams forming
the two main drainage basins interspersed with lagoons, lakes and tanks. The presence of shallow
lagoon along the east coast give rise to the present continuity of land of Puducherry region.
1.1.5 CLIMATE
The prominent climatic conditions prevailing in Puducherry region is tropical wet and dry climate
similar to that of coastal Tamilnadu. The region enjoys a hot and tropical climate characterised by
little variation of temperature and humid weather. The Planning Commission of India identifies
different Agro Climate Zones and further sub regionalised based on the agro ecological parameters.
The Puducherry region comes under the North Coastal Tamilnadu which is highlighted in the table.
Hence multiple cropping and a high cropping intensity is possible in Pondicherry region due to
favorable soil and climatic conditions which effect the food production of Puducherry region.
Table 1-1 Agro climatic features of the Sub Regions
1.1.5.1 RAINFALL
The region receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoons. The
northeast monsoon sets in during the middle of October and Puducherry region gets the greater
part of its annual rainfall during the period of October to December. The annual average rainfall is
1,240 mm (49 inches). Fifty percent of the annual normal is received during northeast monsoon
season (Rainfall Statistics of India 2015 report by IMD). The rainfall data for 8 years from 2010-
2017 for Puducherry region is furnished in the table 1-2. The highest 24 hr rainfall occurred so far
in Puducherry is 303.60 mm on 01 December 2015. Due to heavy rainfall intensity, many parts of
Puducherry region were severely affected as there was inundation in the city.
6 2015 16.2 0.1 0 96.1 133.4 32.1 41.4 122.1 73.9 76.4 785.7 603.3
7 2016 0.7 0 0.4 0 125.3 45.9 20.7 155.7 115 39.2 54.6 98.1
8 2017 132.2 0 71.3 0 7.9 57.3 95.3 147 90.2 257.2 521.1 202.9
1.1.5.2 TEMPERATURE Table 1-3 Temperature data for Puducherry Region - 2015
Month Avg. Maximum Minimum
No.
The Puducherry region experiences a hot Temp Temp. Temp
and humid tropical climate. The summer
1 January 24.6°C 28.8°C 20.4°C
season, which is very oppressive, is from
March to May. January to the end of 2 February 26.2°C 30.7°C 21.6°C
February is comparatively cool. Winds are 3 March 28.4°C 33.2°C 23.5°C
moderately strong throughout the year
4 April 30.9°C 35.6°C 26.2°C
except during the months of July to
October. During May to September winds 5 May 32.9°C 38.0°C 27.7°C
are mainly southwesternly in the 6 June 32.4°C 37.4°C 27.4°C
mornings. May and early part of June 7 July 30.7°C 35.3°C 26.0°C
constitute the hottest period of the year,
with the mean daily maximum 8 August 30.1°C 34.5°C 25.6°C
temperature at about 37°C and the mean 9 September 29.7°C 34.0°C 25.3°C
daily minimum temperature at about 27°C. 10 October 28.2°C 31.9°C 24.4°C
On individual days, the maximum
temperature may even reach 43°C. 11 November 26.1°C 29.5°C 22.7°C
12 December 25.0°C 28.4°C 21.5°C
1.1.5.3 HUMIDITY Source: Indian Metrological Department
1.1.5.5 GEOLOGY
The geomorphology of the Puducherry region & Tamilnadu are a mixture of Alluvial Plains, Cheniers,
Paleolagoonal plain, coastal sand dunes, beaches, beach ridge and ridge plain. The sedimentary
formations dominate the general geology of the Puducherry region. Three major physiographic units
are generally observed, viz., (i) Coastal plain, (ii) Alluvial plain and (iii) Uplands. The coastal plain
extends as a narrow stretch for about 22 km and of four to six hundred meters’ width on the eastern
part of the region along the Bay of Bengal. Other physiographic units, which are characteristics of
the coastal plains such as spit bars, mud flats, lagoons and tidal inlets also occur. The alluvial plain,
formed due to two major rivers are namely Gingee and Pennaiyar. Besides the rivers and major
canals, there are depressions acting as storage tanks, which are spreaded all over the terrain, to
serve as surface water reservoirs. The high grounds are known as Uplands or the “Red Hills of
Puducherry” are intersected by number of gullies and deep ravines.
The Natural Drainage Network Map is prepared for Pondicherry Planning Area using Geospatial tools
and Technique. Earth observation satellite of Cartosat-1 Data Product is used which is of CartoDEM
30m for watershed analysis and Drainage delineation analysis. This analysis has been carried out
with the help of ArcGIS using spatial analysis with Hydrology model. DEM (Digital Elevation Model)
is used to identify the surface drainage pattern. Once pre-processed, the DEM and its derivatives
can be used for efficient watershed delineation and stream network generation.
1.1.5.7 SOIL
The soil of Puducherry region has developed from various parent materials like sandstone, limestone
and alluvium. Pondicherry soil are coarse loamy whereas, Sanyasikuppam soils are fine loamy.
Mannadipet soils are influenced by alluvium of river Penniar and also by old alluvium resulting in
heavy soil texture. The entire region falls under East Coast Plains & Hills Region agro climatic zone
with Red soil, Black soil, Alluvial soil and Colluvial soil. The major crops by area under cultivation are
paddy, pulses, groundnut, millet and sugarcane.
1.2.1 ROADS
The study region is discussed as Boulevard area or
Puducherry town (The old fortified city) and outside the Figure 1.7 Layout of Boulevard Town
Boulevard area. The basic planning concept of Puducherry
Boulevard area has followed the pattern of Bastide
towns of France with a wall around the town and the
main gates leading to the main market. With the rest of
the areas divided in rectangular blocks. The plan of the city
of Puducherry is based on the grid iron pattern of streets
with focal points and landmarks.
The Boulevard town functions as central business
district of entire Puducherry region. Added to that the
important government buildings and major tourist spots
are also situated within the Boulevard area. The roads
outside the Boulevard area are organic in pattern with less
focal points and nodes for the identity of the region. The
layout of Boulevard town is presented in the figure no 1.7.
1.2.4 HOUSING
Puducherry is still having the buildings of French
architecture, due to the French Rule in the past and
conservation efforts made by different agencies. A
distinct architectural style is visible in the Boulevard
Figure 1.8 French Quarter streetscape
Town whereas the areas outside the Boulevard Town do not exhibit any particular style. Boulevard
Town has French Quarter and Tamil Quarter.
Both the quarters follow a continuous wall to wall
construction, the two differ from each other in terms of
architectural features and streetscape. In French Town,
colonial style buildings are seen with long compound
walls, elaborate gates, the facades are characterized by
vertical columns, tall windows and are coloured cream,
yellow and pink. In Tamil town, the streets are lined by
verandas and extended porches which are semi-open
spaces, used as a space for socializing. In general, high
ceilings, tall arched doors and windows with louvers Figure 1.9 Tamil Quarter
streetscape
dominate the space inside the houses of Boulevard Town.
Floors are mostly cement floor or tiled floor and are polished. Coloured Belgian glass is given in the
arched wooden frame above doors and porticos. The uneven character of skyline is found outside
the Boulevard area due to densification and disorderly expansion of housing sector. Such patterns
of densification serve socioeconomic purposes but also lead to challenges and opportunities to the
region. The housing characteristics outside Boulevard town is presented in the figure 1.10.
1.2.5 SLUMS
Like any other cities, Puducherry also has slum settlements. Puducherry Slum Clearance Board is
taking care to improve the slum areas since 1984. Slum Clearance Board is working to reduce the
no. of slums, to provide basic facilities like road, drainage, water supply, toilet blocks, streetlights
etc. and to promote better environment in slum area as well as in the adjoining neighbourhood. The
no. of notified and identified slums are given in the table no 1-5
Table 1-5 Number of Slum Settlements in PPA, 2011
1
Notified Slums: As per Census 2011, all notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT
Administration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’.
2
Identified Slums: As per Census 2011, a compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households
of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and
lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities.
Major strengths of the Puducherry area originate from the rich culture and heritage it inherited from
the French era. The natural scenic sites, restoration initiative, heritage tag and good connectivity,
with rest of the region makes Puducherry a formidable contender for top destination in India. The
weakness of Puducherry area arises from the physical infrastructure scenario which have to be
improved to attract major investments in tourism sector. Concentration of tourists in certain locations
like the Promenade Beach creates a feel that Puducherry is a weekend or day visit destinations.
Puducherry has the potential to improve and become a major tourist centre in South India.
Puducherry’s goal should be to convert Puducherry from a day trip and week-end destination to a
long-haul destination. The leisure industry should be given incentives to use resources diligently and
to encourage eco-tourism. Growth of tourism must be planned properly in terms of physical and
social infrastructure.
Puducherry Planning Authority was constituted during the year 1972, by the Govt. of Puducherry,
under the provisions of Pondicherry Town and Country Planning Act, 1969. In 1975, Pondicherry
Planning Area was declared vide Government Order Ms.NO.115/75 UD dated 16.10.1975 and the
Planning Area comprising the areas within the Municipal limits of Pondicherry Municipality and
Oulgaret Panchayat, excluding the Revenue villages of Kalapet, Pillaichavady and Alankuppam. Due
to rapid development, the Government of Puducherry declares the entire Puducherry region in the
union territory of Pondicherry as Pondicherry Planning area dated 31.07.1989.
• The Puducherry Planning Area (41.9 sq. km. ) was declared under
1975 section 8 of the Town & Country Planning Act, 1969 on 15.10.1975
vide G.O Ms. No 117
The CDP 1983 was framed for a projected population of 3.25 lac within the Planning Area by
the year 1994. However, the population as per 1991 census for the area was 3.48 lac and
further bound to rise upto 4.82 lac by 2001. Taking these above-mentioned facts into
consideration, the CDP was reviewed under the section 34 of the Pondicherry Town & Country
Planning Act, 1969.
Before the review, a detailed land use study was carried out, which took into cognizance the
developments that had taken on ground as well as land use changes approved by the
government.
A special committee was formed for the review of the objections and suggestions received by
PPA and a decision to re-examine and identify additional areas for residential use was
suggested.
Recognize the developments which have taken place after the CDP has become statutory
To reassess the developments which have taken place contrary to provisions of the CDP
To absorb the conversion of land use due to Urban Land Ceiling Act
Incorporate land use changes
Table 1-6 Comparative Statement of land use analysis between proposed land use 1983 and 1997
S. No Land use Area of PLU as per CDP, Year Final Area Incorporated after
1983 recommendations, Year 1997
Area % to % to Area % to % to
(Ha) Developed Total (Ha) Developed Total
Area Area Area Area
1 Residential 952.79 44.23% 22.74% 1293.91 45.18% 30.88%
2 Commercial 55.00 2.55% 1.31% 73.02 2.55% 1.74%
3 Industrial 142.00 6.59% 3.39% 210.87 7.36% 5.03%
4 Transport & 506.14 23.49% 12.08% 750.30 26.20% 17.90%
Communication
5 Public Utilities 11.13 0.52% 0.27% 38.33 1.34% 0.91%
and Services
6 Public & Semi 285.00 13.23% 6.80% 271.55 9.48% 6.48%
Public
7 Parks & Play 161.82 7.51% 3.86% 195.98 6.84% 4.68%
Grounds
S. No Land use Area of PLU as per CDP, Year Final Area Incorporated after
1983 recommendations, Year 1997
Area % to % to Area % to % to
(Ha) Developed Total (Ha) Developed Total
Area Area Area Area
8 Major 40.47 1.88% 0.97% 30.24 1.06% 0.72%
Recreations
9 Total 2154.35 100.00% 2864.20 100.00%
Developed Area
10 Canals & Water 75.69 1.81% 308.09 7.35%
Bodies
11 Groves & 25.60 0.61% 102.65 2.45%
Gardens
12 Green Belt 192.40 4.59% 0.00 0.00%
13 Agriculture 1742.50 41.58% 915.60 21.85%
14 Total Master 4190.54 100.00 4190.54 100.00%
Plan Area %
Source: Compiled by the consultant
The table 1-6 clearly indicates that the residential sector is primarily focused in the Comprehensive
Development plan 1983. When compared to CDP 83 and CDP 97, the public utilities/services and
transportation sectors are planned for the development during the period 1997. In the CDP 1997
though the areas are taken away from green belt and agriculture for the development, it doesn’t
increase an area of Parks & Play Grounds /Major recreations. It is also observed from the table that
the substantial increase in industrial sector from 1983 to 1997 indicates the development trend
towards the manufacturing units. All the developments are planned nevertheless at the cost of
agricultural land is clearly evident from the table 1-6.
Coming back to current state of the city of Puducherry, the unplanned growth and development in
the past decades in the peripheral areas and within municipal areas has increased stress on all kind
of existing infrastructures in the system. The road networks are not designed to carry the current
vehicle density, the open drain system, still prevails in certain municipal and other areas, there is no
underground sewerage systems, in most parts of the outlying regions adjoining to municipal areas.
In addition, the growth of population leads to unplanned residential layout development which further
overburdens to physical infrastructure of the city, which leads to huge conversion of agricultural land,
at an alarming pace.
In the review of the above analysis and considering all these critical points, the Puducherry Planning
Authority decided to update & revise the CDP 2002 to prepare Comprehensive Development Plan for
entire Puducherry Planning Area to an extent of 294.23 sq.km to accommodate the rapidly changing
economic activities, change in land use pattern followed by other development with priorities,
potentialities and prospects to navigate towards the orderly growth of development throughout the
planning region.
OULGARET
PUDUCHERRY
VILLANUR COMMUNE
2 DEMOGRAPHY
Demography deals with the study of human population with respect to size, composition, spatial
distribution and changes in population that occur over time etc. Magnitude of population gives an
overall dimension of the physical environment and gives a basic information for the assessment of
space requirement for various categories of land use within a region. Population assessment can be
used to assist in determining the space required for facilities for all segments of the population. It
also forms the basis of physical & social infrastructure designs. Thus, demographic analysis has
major repercussions on housing market, physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and
transportation.
The Puducherry Union Territory’s (UT) population according to 2011 census is 12.47 lakhs. The
distribution of population for four regions of the UT is illustrated in the table 2-1. The percentage
contribution to the total population of the UT is presented in the figure 2.1.
Table 2-1 Population of Puducherry Union Territory, 2011
Considering the geographical area, Puducherry region has the highest area of 294.23 sq.km among
all the four regions of Puducherry Union Territory. The table reveals that the highest population is
in Puducherry region and the lowest is observed in Mahe region. Thus, high population in Puducherry
region indicates higher scope for growing goods and market. Therefore, the manufacturing units
shall be developed on a large scale and thus economies of large-scale production can be reaped in
the system.
2.1 POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN STUDY REGION
To understand the growth of the city in terms of population and to compute the population
projections, it is inevitable to understand the population growth rate over the last few decades in
the planning area (Study region).
Table 2-2 Decadal Population Growth rate in Puducherry Region, 1981 to 2011
S. Name Population Decadal Growth Rate
No (%)
Year Year Year Year 1981- 1991- 2001-
1991 2001 2011 1991 2001 2011
1981
Municipality
The table 2-2 presents the population growth rate of Puducherry Planning area & figure 2.2 shows
the population growth trend of Puducherry Planning Area in the past three decades in corresponding
Municipalities & commune panchayats (CP). The table clearly reveals that the Puducherry Planning
area witnessed a high growth rate of almost 37 percent in the period 1981-91. During the period
1991-2001 Puducherry Planning area recorded a low decadal growth rate of 20.9% and similar low
growth scenario was observed throughout the Puducherry region.
The overall fluctuation in the trend is primarily related to shift in the withdrawal of tax-free status
offered to Puducherry and also shift in industrial policies like withdrawal of power subsidies etc.
These policy measures hit the industrial sector and allied sectors during this period influencing
substantial number of people to migrate to other urban centers in the neighboring regions of
Tamilnadu state. After this drop in growth rate, the Puducherry Planning area observed stabilization
in 2001-11 period with a moderate decadal growth rate of 29.2%. This is attributed to the fact that
Puducherry is attracting a lot of population in the educational sector due to top priority given by the
Administration along with improvements in social security in the systems.
The population growth trend (Refer figure 2.2) of the Municipalities and Commune Panchayats (CP)
throws light to the fact that Oulgaret Municipality and Villianur Commune Panchayats are having the
highest growth rate during the period 1981-91. It is also being observed that the Villianur and
Mannadipet Commune Panchayat is having highest decadal growth rate during 2001-11 period. The
high growth rate in Villianur and Mannadipet Commune Panchayats may be anticipated primarily
due to the developments on the major transport corridor NH-45A towards Villupuram. The
development of East coast road to Cuddalore via Ariyankuppam tend to influence the high growth
rate in Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat, whereas Oulgaret & Puducherry Municipality witnessed
steady growth rate during 2001-11 period.
100
60
40
20
0
Year 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011
compared to nearby neighbouring states the density of population is higher in Puducherry UT.
However, elaborating the ideal population density for any region is a very subjective thing as the
density of population in a region is dependent on several factors. They are a) standard of living, b)
citizen’s human right c) development without causing any harm to the surrounding
environment. Therefore, the optimal use of available resources is essential while planning the
development for any region to produce the largest per capita income of consumer goods which is
believed to be the ideal condition of any system.
Figure 2.5 Population Density map of Commune Panchayats, 2001 & 2011
From the figure 2.5 it is clear that the density is concentrated in Villianur and Kurumbapet from
Villianur Commune Panchayat and Manavely from Ariyankuppam Commune.
Puducherry UT
S. No. year Total Number of Total Number of
Registered Birth Registered Death
1 2001 42753 9119
2 2002 44871 9419
3 2003 45104 9649
4 2004 47253 9806
5 2005 46484 11091
6 2006 49,456 11,234
7 2007 49,397 10,460
8 2008 47,184 11,519
9 2009 47,590 11,681
10 2010 45,666 12,042
Source: Census, 2011
From the table 2-7 it is evident that there is increase in the birth rate and decrease in death rate in
Puducherry U````T due to improved infrastructure facilities and health policy initiatives taken up by
the Puducherry government. The figure 2.6 illustrates that the trend in both birth and death rate
shows the steady increase in overall Puducherry UT.
Number of Birth & Death for the Puducherry Planning Area from 2001-2010 is furnished in the table
2-7. The registered birth rates in Puducherry region during 2006 was 49.88 and it gradually
decreased to 44.21 in 2010. The death rates in Puducherry region was 11.02 during 2006 and in
2010 it was observed to be 11.41.
Table 2-8 Birth Rate & Death Rate 2006-2010, Puducherry Region
S. No. Year Total Birth Rate per Total Deaths Death Rate per
Births 1000 Population 1000 Population
1 2006 41,331 49.88 9134 11.02
2 2007 41,242 47.03 8160 9.3
3 2008 39,443 42.7 9278 10.04
4 2009 40,796 41.97 9687 9.97
5 2010 38,524 44.21 9945 11.41
Source: Local Administration Department, Puducherry
100
90
80
70
Percentage(%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Birth Rate per 1000 Population Death Rate per 1000 Population
2.4 MIGRATION
The cross-cultural nature of Puducherry is a result of its attractiveness to migrant groups from all
over India and around the world, in migration is not only predominant from surrounding states, but
also from other states as well.
Table 2-9 Details of Migration, Puducherry Region
These migrant groups from other parts of India have made their distinctive mark on the patterns of
social organizations within Puducherry Planning Area. The details of in migrant population are
represented in the table 2-10.
Table 2-10 Details of in migration in Puducherry Planning Area
2,50,000
2,00,000
1,50,000
1,00,000
50,000
0
Year 1981 Year 1991 Year 2001
Puducherry.
26% 3%
There are many reasons for in migration like
marriage, education, employment opportunities
etc. In Puducherry Planning Area, the highest
migration has taken place due to marriage i.e. 7% 34%
34.3% followed by families which has moved
with household and work/employment. Hence
it is clearly evident that the in migrations are Work / Employment Business
Education Marriage
due to the shift in the employment and shift due Moved after Birth Moved with Household
to marital status with in the regions of Others
Puducherry Planning area. Figure 2.9 Reason for Immigration, Census 2001
The table 2-11 also reveals that the migration is maximum due to marriages within the region and
it is identical with the census data. Hence, marriage is the main reason exhibited for migration from
one place to other place, followed by 12% of the people migrated from other places due to
employment opportunities. The 4% of the people are migrated to Puducherry region due to
educational facilities. It is also observed that the migration due to education is increasing from 2001
onwards. From the household survey, it is perceived that the Puducherry Municipality (92%) and
Villianur Commune (92.7%) has observed the highest migration due to marriage. It is also being
observed that the migration due to employment opportunities are high in Ariyankuppam Commune
(15.65%) and Oulgaret municipality (15.7%). Therefore, it is vital to develop more employment
opportunities in the identified location to sustain the human resources which in turn will increase
the economic development in the system.
2.5 SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is a valuable source for finding the population of women from the total population and
what is the ratio of women to that of men in a particular area. In the Census 2011, it was revealed
that the population ratio in India for 2011 is 940 females per 1000 of males. The Sex Ratio of 2011
shows an upward trend from the census 2001 data. Census 2001 revealed that there were 933
females to that of 1000 males. India has seen a decrease in the sex ratio till 2001, but after that
there has been in slight increase in the sex ratio.
Table 2-12 Sex ratio in India
two states where the number of female is more than the number of men. The Puducherry (UT)
ranks 2nd in the sex ratio in India after Kerala, is a positive sign for the growth of the region.
2.6 LITERACY
The average literacy rate of Puducherry Planning Area in year 2011 was 85.44%. Details of literacy
rate in the planning area for 2001 & 2011 are furnished in the table 2-15.
Table 2-15 Effective Literacy rate for Puducherry Planning Area in year 2011
12.50%
12.00%
11.50%
11.00%
10.50%
10.00%
9.50%
9.00%
2001 2011
The figure 2.11 reveals the child population between the age group (0-6). It indicates that the
percentage of child population is decreased during the period 2001 to 2011 in Puducherry region.
When compared to the data of Union Territory, the percentage of population between the age group
(0-6) shows the decline trend in the system. Though the Puducherry region is ranked second in
India in sex ratio but the age group between (0-6) shows the decline.
According to the Census 2011, out of the total working population for Puducherry Planning Area
17.61% work in the primary sector, 1.82% in secondary sector and 80.57% in tertiary sector. The
trend continues and it shows higher dependency of working population on tertiary sector, followed
by primary sector. Compared to census 2001, there has been a decrease in the percentage of
working population in the primary sector and subsequent increase in the percentage of working
population in tertiary sector.
Table 2-20 Population Projection for PPA based on Arithmetic Progression Method
S. Year Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyanku Villianur Mannadipet Bahur Netapakkam Total PPA
No Municipality Municipality ppam CP CP CP CP CP
Table 2-21 Population Projection for PPA based on Geometric Progression Method
Sl. Year Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahur Netapakkam Total
No Municipality Municipality CP CP CP CP CP PPA
Table 2-22 Population Projection for PPA based on Incremental Increase Method
S. Year Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahur Netapakkam Total
No Municipality Municipality CP CP CP CP CP PPA
It is expressed as Pt = P0 (ert)
Where P0 = initial population
Pt = population t years later
r = annual rate of growth
e = base of the natural logarithm
Table 2-23 Population Projection for PPA based on Exponential Increase Method
S. Year Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahur Netapakkam Total
No Municipality Municipality CP CP CP CP CP PPA
Table 2-24 Population Projection for PPA based on Compound Annual Growth Method
S. Year Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahur Netapakkam Total
No Municipality Municipality CP CP CP CP CP PPA
18,00,000 40.00%
16,00,000 35.00%
14,00,000 30.00%
12,00,000
25.00%
10,00,000
20.00%
8,00,000
15.00%
6,00,000
4,00,000 10.00%
2,00,000 5.00%
0 0.00%
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041
3 ECONOMY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Cities are the engines of economic growth and development. Economy is very important to analyze
issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. There are
multiple ways to ascertain the state of economic base of an area. It is primarily established through
the analysis of occupation pattern of the working population of the city or town and through critical
analysis of the growth of various activities like industries, trade & commerce, and other tertiary
sector activities available in the region. The future financial or economic trends of any region can be
predicted with the help of indicators. The indicators of economy are key statistics to reveal the
direction or the trend of an economy. There are three broad categories of economic indicators, which
are leading indicators, coincident indicators and lagging indicators.
Leading indicators indicate the signal for future events. The recent Industrial policy 2016 and tourism
proposals of Puducherry planning area can be considered as leading indicator to explore the
economy of the region. Lagging indicator is one that follows an event. If the unemployment rate is
rising, it indicates that the economy is degrading in the system. A coincident indicator shows the
current state of economic activity within a particular area. Coincident indicators are important
because it shows economists and policymakers the current state of the economy. Coincident
indicators include employment rate, per capita income, manufacturing sector and the unemployment
rate. Though Puducherry region rank 5th in per capita income in India, the unemployment rate is
high. Hence, to understand the actual scenario of economy of Puducherry region, this chapter is a
concise analysis and understanding of data related to economic activities.
3.2 CURRENT SCENARIO
Economy of a city plays an important role in determining the future pattern of growth and economic
development. Puducherry being a famous tourist center, tourism is one of the major source of
economy. Apart from that, people are dependent on fishing and agricultural sectors for economy
generation. According to the census of 2011, the total working population of the Puducherry Planning
Area is around 3.48 lakhs (36.63 %), out of which male working population is 2.58 lakhs and 0.91
lakhs is female working population. This clearly indicates that 6.02 lakhs are dependent population
in the Puducherry Planning Area. As far as the total working population is concerned, more than two
third (80.57 %) of the working population is engaged in tertiary sector, (17.61 %) in primary sector
and very meagre i.e. 1.82 % are in secondary sector. The sectoral distribution of economy is
presented in the figure 3.1.
The existing industrial scenario for the Puducherry region is also analyzed to understand the actual
scenario. At present, there are around 61 Large Scale Industries (LSI), 178 Medium Scale Industries
(MSI) & 6964 Micro/Small Scale Industries registered in Puducherry region as per the audit report
2014-15 of Department of Industry & Commerce. Further it has been observed that in the past 7
years there was growth of 9.6 % LSI’s and 11.39 % MSI’s in the Puducherry Planning Area. It is
clearly evident that tertiary sector has been documented in the system. This is mainly due to
comprehensive infrastructure facilities provided by the government agencies in the industrial estates
and in line with industrial policies promoted in recent years by Department of Industries and
Commerce. The main objectives of the recent Industrial Policy 2016 are as follows: -
Ensuring balanced and sustainable industrial development in all the regions of the Union
Territory, while conserving all aspects of environment.
Developing a strong manufacturing sector with focus on employment generation, product
competitiveness and value addition in products.
Promotion of rapid industrialization and making Puducherry the most preferred investment
destination with the ultimate objective of achieving inclusive growth.
Achieving higher export growth.
Improving the standard of living through gainful employment by enhancing the employability and
skill sets of the work force.
3.3 EMPLOYMENT
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
58.24% 63.78%
60.00% 75.01% 80.57%
40.00% 2.60%
0.87%
20.00% 1.91%
39.16% 35.35% 1.82%
23.09% 17.61%
0.00%
1981 1991 2001 2011
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
The table 3-1 reveals that the workforce participation rate (WPR) for the planning area for year 2011
is 36.63%, and 36.13% in year 2001. This clearly indicates that less growth has been observed from
2001 to 2011 and possible reasons for that can be lack of employment opportunities in the region.
The highest workforce participation rate for the year 2011 is in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat,
whereas the lowest is observed in Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat.
2001 Work Participation Rate (%) 2011 Work Participation Rate (%)
The Figure 3.3 reveals that the workforce participation rate is almost equal in Ariyankuppam and
Villianur Commune panchayat since last 2 decades. It is also observed that the work force
participation rate in 2011 is decreased in Mannadipet, Bahour and Nettapakkam commune compared
to the year 2001. Hence, the drop in workforce participation rates concerns the economy of region
for several reasons. The less participation rate, the more the tax base shrinks. It depresses economic
growth, and puts pressure on the budget of the region. Further it is interesting to note that workforce
participation rate is increasing in the urban area compared to rural area which indicates that there
is gradual shift from rural to urban area especially in Ariyankuppam and Villianur Commune
panchayats.
The details of share of main, marginal and non-workers of Planning Area for year 2011 are presented
in the table 3-3.
Table 3-3 Workforce distribution in Planning Area (2011)
in the planning area. The highest percentage of main workers to the total population is in Oulgaret
Municipality whereas the lowest is in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat. These phenomenon
highlights that there is migration from rural to urban area in the planning area during the year 2011.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahour Nettapakkam
Municipality Municipality
Main Workers (%) 2001 Main Workers (%) 2011
Marginal Workers (%) 2001 Marginal Workers (%) 2011
Non Workers (%) 2001 Non Workers (%) 2011
Figure 3.4 Workforce distribution by type of workers, 2001 & 2011
The table 3-4 reveals that out of the total working population of Puducherry Planning Area, one
fourth (23.09 %) work in the primary sector, very meagre (1.91%) in secondary sector and three
fourth (75.01%) in tertiary sector. This composition clearly indicates that there is a higher
dependency of working population on tertiary sector, followed by primary sector. However, in rural
areas, dependency on primary sector is high. Puducherry municipality is mainly dependent on tertiary
sector as major commercial and tourist activities are concentrated in and around the boulevard town.
As there are very less processing industrial establishments such as those that take the raw materials
produced by the primary sector and process them into manufactured goods and products, the
dependency on secondary sector is also very less.
The details of work force distribution by sectors of economy for year 2011 are furnished in the
table 3-5.
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Puducherry Ozhukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahour Nettapakkam
Municipality Municipality
during the period (1970-71 to 1992-93). During the period (1993-94 to 2015-16) the economy of
Puducherry fared well as the growth of output in the primary sector (11.29 percent), secondary
sector (17.12 percent) as well as in the tertiary sector (16.30 percent) were higher as against 9.09
percent,14.91 percent and 10.08 percent during 1970-71-1992-93.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1970-71 TO 1992-93 1993-94 TO 2010-11 2011-12 TO 2015-16
finished goods and tangible products. The secondary sector performs the vital role of catering to the
needs of potential consumers of the nation. The Tertiary sector is intangible in nature, concentrating
on the services sector. This sector consists of provision of services such as education, medical, hotel
and finance needed by the consumers. The table 3-9 indicates that the Income from primary sector
accounted for 7 percent in 2015-16 as against 34 percent in 1970-71. The contribution of income
from secondary sector to GSDP increased from 24 percent in 1970-71 to 54 percent in 1980-81
decreased to 35 percent in 1993-94. Thereafter it continued to increase, it went up to 50 percent
in 2013-14 and in 2015-16 it declined to 46 percent.
100
90 27
80 42 44 45 46 44 45 47
49 49
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1970-71 1980-81 1993-94 1999-00 2004-05 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Year
The figure 3.7 witnesses that the contribution of income from tertiary sector which decreased from
42 percent in 1970-71 to 27 percent in 1980-81 was increased to 49 percent in 1993-94. In 1999-
2000 the contribution from this declined to 44 percent and in 2012-13 again it increased to 49
percent. The contribution in this sector continued to increase and in 2015-16 the contribution from
this Sector was 48 percent of total GSDP.
The proportion of contribution across the major components in the three sectors has been presented
in figure 3.7. From the table it is also evident that the primary sector such as agriculture, forestry,
and fishing have reported a noticeable fluctuation in their share to GSDP. In the tertiary sector, the
trade, hotels and restaurants component has exhibited fluctuation in the growth from 2011 to 2016.
When compared to other sectors only tertiary sector has been growing phenomenally. Most of the
components in the tertiary sector have shown higher growth rates at constant prices. The decline in
the proportion of contribution of primary sector to the GSDP is a cause for concern to the health of
the economy and society. Hence it provokes the government to provide adequate social risk
management measures to protect agriculture and rural population.
against the subdued growth of 7.47 percent during 1970-71 to 1992-93. During the period 1993-94
to 2015-16 growth during 1993-94 to 2010-11 was higher (14.96 percent) when compared to the
period 2011-12 to 2015-16 (8.87 percent).
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1970-71 1980-81 1993-94 1999- 2004-05 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
2000
3.5 AGRICULTURE
The Pondicherry region has been experiencing a significant shift in its economy since the seventies.
As the Puducherry economy has grown, economic activity has moved away from agriculture to
industries and services. The figure 3.9 witnesses that the agriculture now accounts for less than 4
per cent of GSDP in the overall system. The same growth rate may be expected in Puducherry region
also. Despite the very less growth rate in agriculture, it remains an important source of livelihood
for people in Pondicherry and must register significant growth rates in order to improve the standard
of living of those engaged in it. In order to examine how this may be brought about, it is necessary
to identify both the constraints faced by agriculture and its potential. The decreasing relative
contribution of agriculture to GSDP is partly due to the decreasing area under agriculture.
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Figure 3.11 Fishing Contribution in overall Economy, UT of Pondicherry
3.7 TOURISM
Puducherry is one of the most popular tourist spots for national and international tourists. Tourism
plays an important role in contribution of the Union Territory of Puducherry economy by providing
direct and indirect employment. The services sector is the engine for Puducherry growth during the
past decades. The tourism plays the major role in the contribution of service sector. This trend has
persisted over the past decade, and is expected to continue in the future also. The table 3-11
indicates the cumulative GSDP growth of transportation, Communication, Trade, Hotels, railways
and restaurants as part of GSDP growth from tourism sector.
Table 3-11 GSDP contribution of Tourism sector, UT of Pondicherry
1 2005 1366.51
2 2006 1693.98
3 2007 1901.95
4 2008 2140.78
5 2009 2045.47
6 2010 2246.36
7 2011 2733.88
8 2012 2692.57
9 2013 3363.97
10 2014 3954.84
11 2015 4642.26
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2015
Direct spin-offs include the growth of hotels, restaurants and leisure centers. Indirect benefits will
come in the form of hospitality services, retailing and transportation. The development of tourism in
Puducherry has enabled the growth of shops, commercial establishments and hotels. The increase
in the number of shops and commercial establishments may indicate the increase in the number of
day visitors from the neighboring states for shopping due to the low sales tax and excise duties in
Comprehensive Development Plan for Puducherry Planning Area - 2036 Page | 56
Puducherry Planning Authority
the UT.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure 3.12 Contribution of Tourism in overall Economy
The Figure 3.12 reveals that more than one fourth of contribution of economy are from tourism
sector in the system. The same trend may be foreseen for Puducherry region. Lead indicators also
show favorable trends for high growth of the tourism sector. Such as the spurt in arrival of foreign
tourists into our country, Railway Freight Traffic, and the number of mobile and telephone
connections are all indicators of the robust growth of tourism sector in the country and excellent
future prospects. As the study of occupation pattern in Puducherry Planning area depicts that
majority of the population is engaged in tertiary sector for economy generation. Hence tourism in
the UT has to be looked at not only from the economic point of view but also from the social
importance of the sector to the people.
3.8 INDUSTRIES
Industry plays a vital role in the economy of Puducherry. Manufacturing industries creates more
employment opportunities to young people in Puducherry. The successful manufacturing industry
helps in creating new jobs, increasing trade and thereby increasing the GSDP of the region. It can
therefore be said that the manufacturing industry immensely contributes to the social development
and economic prosperity in the system. Considering the tremendous impact that manufacturing
sector exerts on the overall prosperity of Puducherry region, it becomes essential to understand the
factors which contribute to the success of the manufacturing sector.
With its reputation of being an investor-friendly, the Union Territory is having proven track record
of attracting surplus investment and has witnessed vibrant industrial growth over the years. Even
though there was some industrial slow down for a few years because of the general down turn in
the economy, the growth continues. Puducherry has 77 large and 8,732 Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSMEs) and with an investment of 2,696 crores. These industries are deemed to be
the life line of Puducherry economy providing employment to about one lakh persons. In order to
facilitate sustained and balanced industrial development, the first Pondicherry Industrial Policy was
notified in 1997 which sought to promote industrial development by bringing in simplified procedure
and through a package of fiscal incentives. The policy 1997 improved the industrial growth to a
significant level in spite of economic liberalization and introduction of uniform sales tax by the union
government during 2000-2001.
creation of infrastructure facility across the Union Territory apart from the structural changes in the
existing system. There was a brief lull after 2012 mainly due to withdrawal of tax concessions and
the downturn in the economy at national level.
(i) The policy provided for sensitisation of the technical institutions on training the
manpower required for industries; but no study was conducted to identify the skill
required by the industry.
(ii) All the tax concessions have been withdrawn and the scheme of subsidy needs to be
restructured.
(iii) The policy did not provide for a long-term vision for the infrastructure development.
(iv) The industrial activity has not picked up.
7000 200
6900 180
6800 160
6700
140
6600
120
6500
100
6400
80
6300
60
6200
6100 40
6000 20
5900 0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
It has been observed from the figure 3.13, small scale industries are much higher than medium and
Large scale industries. The number of small scale industries are gradually increasing since 2007, but
there is not much growth has been observed for Medium and Large scale industries during 2007-
2014.
The table 3-13 indicates the GSDP contribution of economy for the past 10 years in the UT of
Pondicherry. The GSDP includes the contribution of both the registered and unregistered
manufacturing units in the system. It is observed that the industrial contribution is high during the
period 2006 and it is very less in the year 2015.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
3.9.1 PIPDIC
The Pondicherry Industrial Promotion Development and Investment Corporation Limited (PIPDIC)
was set up by the Government of Puducherry in 1974 with the twin objective of promoting the
Industrial Development of Puducherry and providing financial assistance to entrepreneurs. The main
objectives of PIPDIC are Industrial Finance, Development of Industrial Estates, Equity participation,
Aiding, counseling, protecting and promoting the interests of Industries in Puducherry.
3.9.1.1 INDUSTRIAL ESTATES
The Govt. of Puducherry had initially started three industrial estates in the Territory in order to
motivate the industrial development. Later a Corporation for industrial development has been
established in the year 1974 viz. Puducherry Industrial Promotion, Development and Investment
Corporation (PIPDIC). Then the corporation has taken over the infrastructure development for
industrial promotion. Four industrial estates were developed and allotted to the needy
entrepreneurs. All the industrial estates are provided with all necessary basic infrastructure
facilities. There are six industrial estate in Puducherry region. They are Kattukuppam,
Kirumampakkam, Mettupalayam, Sedarapet, Thattanchavady and Thirubhuvanai. The PIPDIC is
financially supporting the interested entreprenuers to promote the industrial development in order
to improve the economy in the system.
in October 1999. This vision for the industrial sector will help Puducherry to fulfill the goals of its
industrial policy. The Industrial policy vision is also aimed at employment creation and environmental
sustainability. On one hand, emphasis has been placed on promoting industries while on the other
hand, emphasis has also been placed on promoting industries which are less polluting and to reward
industries, which meet environmental standards as well economic development.
3.10.1 PORT
Puducherry has an old port located near the Light
House and a new port near is located in Ariyankuppam.
At present, the port is not being used much by the
industry. Besides, for molasses, few goods are currently
being transported through the port despite the
modernization of the port facility. (Reference:
Puducherry City Development Plan, 2007). This future
expansion shall be carried out within the existing layout
and boundary only. Figure 3.16 Old Port
Table 3-14 Details of Import-Export activities in Port
As per the previous Comprehensive Figure 3.17 Central Business District of Puducherry region
Development Plan of 1997, the central
business district lies in the Boulevard
town. It is bounded by Ambalathadayar Madam Street on the North, Ambur Salai on the East,
Rangapillai Street on the South and the Anna Salai on the West. The area is totally commercial with
both retail and wholesale activities. The Boulevard area provided the highest service at centralized
level and provides extensive services for economy, management, recreation, culture and even
administration which directly impact the economy of the region. Due to rapid urbanization the entire
boulevard area is gradually shifting to commercial oriented activities. Hence as a part of improving
the economy of the region the development plan should focus on the more commercial
developments with convenient traffic and parking will encourage more people to involve in the
business activities. Considering the overload of the Boulevard area it is necessary to promote growth
in other parts of the planning area and along the major transport corridors, dispersal of certain
activities to these areas are studied as part of the Comprehensive Development Plan 2036.
40
35.28
35 32.24
30
25
20
16.55
15
10.61
10
5
1.62 1.37 1.91
0 0.42 0 0 0
0
Table 3-15 Puducherry Union Territory Population Below Poverty Line 2011-12
Sl No. Puducherry Rural Urban
Union Territory
Year % age of No. of % age of No. of Persons
Persons Persons Persons (lakhs)
(lakhs)
1 2005 22.9 0.8 9.9 0.7
Table 3-16 Puducherry Union Territory BPL per capita Table 3-17 Puducherry Union Territory BPL per capita
income - Urban income - Rural
1400
1200
Per Capita Income
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Urban Rural
From the figure 3.20 it is observed that the per capita income is gradually increased and it is
convergence with both rural and urban in the year 2012 which indicates the positive growth in the
rural population. From 2010 onwards the graph shows the tremendous increase in the per capita
trend due to the supporting policies for the BPL population. Beyond the policies, as a part of reducing
the BPL population encouraging the active participation by the grassroot level SHGs, farmers and
labourers’ forums would improve the relevance and the quality of the schemes. The programme
outreach has to be more vibrant to bring down the families in the BPL list in consonance with the
aim of attaining Millennium Development Goals.
3.16 EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION
The employment projection for year 2036 is given in the table below:
Table 3-18 Employment Projection for year 2036
Growth
Total Workforce
Total Total working Rate in
Year Projected Participation
Population population Working
Population Rate (WPR)
Population
1981 444,417 444,417 128911 - 29.01%
1991 608,338 608,338 202565 57.14% 33.30%
2001 735,332 735,332 265660 31.15% 36.13%
2011 950,289 950,289 348105 31.03% 36.63%
2021 1,121,954 1,121,954 421859 21.187% 37.60%
2031 1,326,939 1,400,000 547422 29.76% 39.10%
2036 1,441,926 1,630,097 658140 20.23% 40.37%
Source: Compiled by Consultant
Considering the scenario that the Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) will increase as the CDP
projects will be implemented and more job opportunities will be created, the employment projection
is calculated. After consecutive discussions with various govt. departments, the employment
projection is worked out based on the optimistic scenario. Thus, the workforce participation rate for
year 2036 is coming around 40%, which was 36.63% in year 2011 as per Census 2011.
3.17 POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
Economic planning is concerned with the economic structure of an area and its overall prosperity
mainly in terms of production, income, purchasing power etc. The proposals of Comprehensive
Development Plan 2036 need to be supported by a dynamic Economic Development Plan, which
creates good jobs for the residents of Puducherry and generates opportunities to invest in town as
well as people. Based on the employment projection for year 2036, sufficient land will be allocated
to different land uses which through Comprehensive Development Plan 2036 aids to grow the
economy.
As described earlier, multi nuclei concept has been adopted for the proposed land use map – 2036
under which three growth centers and four growth points/poles are proposed. This will provide
employment opportunities at neighbourhood level across the planning area.
This chapter provides the details of proposal related to economy of the region under various
government policies/plans/documents. It also includes the description of relation of proposals of
CDP-2036 and the envisaged impact of the same on the economy of the region.
Various strategies have been identified to achieve these objectives. Certain priority industries have
been listed. For their obvious compatibility with Puducherry, certain "thrust areas" have been
identified. Thrust area industries include electronic manufacturing, IT/ITES, Auto Components,
Plastic Products, agro and food processing industries, Marine products, solar power and alternative
renewable energy products, leather products excluding tannery, tourism industries and many more.
Govt. of Puducherry will also assist the MSME in their efforts to encourage entrepreneurship,
employment and livelihood opportunities.
Technical, including basic devices used in transport, communication, gas, heat, power and
road industry etc.
Social, including devices and institutions connected with education, culture, science, health,
physical culture and tourism, public administration.
For Puducherry, major infrastructure related to tourism includes accommodation, roads, physical
infrastructure, recreational area etc. under the Comprehensive Development Plan - 2036; various
proposals have been made which will support to flourish the tourism industry.
Tourism activity has been spread across the planning area. Major tourist places in the planning area
includes Boulevard Town, Oussudu Lake, Arikamedu, Ariyankuppam mangrove, boating at
chunnambar and paradise beach. The strengthening of tourism will bring more employment
opportunities to the planning area. The direct and indirect effects of improved tourism will certainly
enhance the economy of the planning area. Therefore, it is important to provide sufficient
infrastructure, which facilitates the tourism. Various tourism proposals proposed by govt. of
Puducherry are explained in the tourism chapter.
Apparently, as per the analysis, it is felt that all the proposals are required to have sustained growth
of the area. Thus, these proposals are adopted under Comprehensive Development Plan – 2036.
Appropriate quantum of land will be allocated for specific purposes, which will aid in implementing
these proposals in shorter time. Moreover, it is important to facilitate these proposals in order to
have smooth functioning of the same.
Around most of the tourist sites proposed, it is ensured that necessities are available at the
neighbourhood level like commercial, Public & Semipublic, recreation etc.
3.17.3 IT PROPOSALS
As mentioned earlier, Government of Puducherry has IT policy, 2008 under which IT corridor is
proposed. The entire stretch of East Coast Road starting from Ganapathichettikulam to Mullodai and
NH 45-A of Villupuram road upto Madagadipet of Puducherry Region is declared as IT Corridor.
Additionally, a Multi-Product Special Economic Zone at Sedarapet, IT Park at Kalapet provide world-
class infrastructure and business support facilities for IT operations. In addition to that, 10.06
hectare of land in Mettupalayam in proposed to be developed as IT park as proposed by government
of Puducherry.
It is envisaged that if the above proposals are implemented, it will create additional job opportunities
in the planning area. However, to make the implementation of the same faster, the sufficient land
will be dedicated for the above said purpose.
S. No Description Details
1. Area 19.55 Sq. km
The existing land use analysis chart for Puducherry Municipality - 2015 is presented in figure 4.1. In
Puducherry Municipality, 5.16 sq.km of land is under residential use and it is the predominant land
use in this municipality.
AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL
15% 11% WATERBODY
4%
INDUSTRY
13% MIXED LANDUSE
17%
RECREATION
Figure 4.1 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart for Puducherry Municipality-2015
Traffic & Transportation land use occupies 3.39 sq.km of area in Puducherry Municipality. Vacant
land use is around 2.98 sq.km and Waterbody is 2.58 sq.km, agricultural land use is 2.13 sq.km of
the Puducherry Municipality.
The Public & Semi-Public land use covers 1.25 sq.km in the municipality. The commercial land use
in the Puducherry Municipality is occupying 0.85 sq.km, mixed landuse is 0.43 and industrial landuse
is observed 0.43 sq.km. The existing land use Map - 2015 for the entire Puducherry Municipality is
illustrated in figure 4.2.
Table 4-2 Existing Landuse Analysis for Puducherry Municipality-2015
Percentage to Total
S. No Land Use Area in Sq.KM
Area
1. AGRICULTURE 2.13 10.91%
2. COMMERCIAL 0.85 4.36%
3. WATERBODY 2.58 13.20%
4. INDUSTRY 0.43 2.18%
5. MIXED LANDUSE 0.43 2.21%
6. RECREATION 0.35 1.79%
7. PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC 1.25 6.38%
8. RESIDENTIAL 5.16 26.39%
9. TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION 3.39 17.36%
10. VACANT 2.98 15.22%
11. Total 19.55 100.00%
Source: Compiled by Consultant
Figure 4.2 Existing Land Use Map – 2015 for Puducherry Municipality
4.1.1.1 RESIDENTIAL
The residential land use is the predominant use in Puducherry Municipality area and it covers 5.16
sq km of area which is around 26.39 % of the total area of the Puducherry Municipality. Residential
use is dominant on the Northern and central part of the Puducherry Municipality. Boulevard town is
one of the oldest residential settlement within the Puducherry Municipality. Other major settlement
contributing to the residential use in the Puducherry Municipality are Pudupalayam, Olandai and
Murungapakkam which are major residential area in this municipality. Kombakkam and Thengaithittu
are other revenue villages contributing to the residential land use.
4.1.1.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use in the Puducherry Municipality accounts to 4.36% (0.85 sq.km.) of the
total area of the Municipality. The CBD of the Puducherry region is the major contributor for the
commercial land use in this Municipality. Other than the CBD, commercial land use is observed in
the eastern part of the Boulevard town which is the French Quarters. Predominant commercial use
is found on both the sides of Anna Salai Street, East Coast Road within the Puducherry Municipality.
4.1.1.3 INDUSTRIAL
The Industrial Landuse covers around 0.43 sq.km of the Puducherry Municipality which accounts to
2.18% of the total area of the municipality. Out of this 0.43 sq.km of area, major portion is under
Swadeshi Mill and Anglo French Textile which are currently non-functional and this provides an
opportunity for earmarking these land parcels for public uses like recreational or for development of
urban forestry.
4.1.1.7 VACANT
In Puducherry Municipality around 2.98 Sq.km of land is vacant as on year 2015, which accounts for
15.22% land of the total area. Major vacant parcels are located in the revenue villages of Olandai,
Kombakkam, Murungapakkam & Thengaithittu. In these villages, a lot of land is developed into
layouts and are currently lying vacant. These lands can be utilized for addressing the future needs
of the planning area for the plan period.
S. No Description Details
1. Area 34.55 sq.km
2%
AGRICULTURE
4% COMMERCIAL
8% 1% WATERBODY
18%
3%
0% INDUSTRY
MIXED LANDUSE
15%
RECREATION
23%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
RESIDENTIAL
26%
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
VACANT
Figure 4.11 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart for Oulgaret Municipality-2015
Percentage to
S. No Land Use Area in Sq.KM
Total Area
1. AGRICULTURE 2.86 8.29%
2. COMMERCIAL 0.82 2.36%
3. WATERBODY 0.87 2.53%
4. INDUSTRY 1.21 3.50%
5. MIXED LANDUSE 0.43 1.25%
6. RECREATION 0.11 0.31%
7. PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC 7.91 22.89%
8. RESIDENTIAL 9.12 26.40%
9. TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION 5.18 15.00%
10. VACANT 6.04 17.47%
11. Total 34.55 100.00%
Source: Compiled by Consultant
The Public & Semi-Public land use is the second largest and it covers around 7.91 sq.km area of the
municipality. Vacant land use is around 6.04 sq.km, Traffic & Transportation land use which occupies
5.18 sq.km. and Waterbody is 0.87 sq.km, agricultural land use is found in 2.86 sq.km of the
Oulgaret Municipality area. The commercial land use in the Oulgaret Municipality is occupying 0.82
sq.km, industrial landuse is observed in 1.21 sq.km and mixed land use is found to be 0.43 sq km.
4.1.2.1 RESIDENTIAL
The major land use in Oulgaret Municipality is residential use which occupies around 9.12 sq.km
which is around 26.40% of the total area of the municipality. The population of Oulgaret Municipality
as per census 2011 is 3,00,104 and the gross density is 86 persons per hectare and the net
residential density is 329 persons per hectare. Major residential settlements within the Oulgaret
Municipality are Saram village which is one of the densest developments within the Puducherry
Planning Area. Other settlements are Oulgaret, Reddiyarpalayam, Saram, Karuvadikuppam,
Alankuppam, Kalapet, Pillaichavady and Thattanchavady. Figure 4.13 shows the area covered under
residential land use in Oulgaret Municipality.
4.1.2.2 COMMERCIAL
The Commercial land use in Oulgaret Municipality is spreaded in 0.82 sq.km which accounts to
2.36% of the total land area of the municipality. The major commercial development is located on
the either sides on the SH-49 or East Coast Road passing through Karuvadikuppam and Saram village
within the Oulgaret Municipality limits. Rajiv Gandhi Square is a prominent commercial junction
within Oulgaret Municipality. Figure 4.14 shows the distribution of commercial use in Oulgaret
Municipality.
4.1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL
The main Industrial area in Oulgaret Municipality is PIPDIC Industrial Estate, Mettupalayam at
Thattanchavady village. The industrial area in Oulgaret Municipality is 1.21 sq.km which is around
3.50% of the total area of Oulgaret Municipality. Figure 4.15 presents the industrial use within
Oulgaret Municipality.
Other major public and semi-public use within the Oulgaret Municipality is JIPMER which is located
on western side of NH-66 in Thattanchavady village. The Public & Semi-Public Use map for Oulgaret
Municipality is shown in figure 4.16.
4.1.2.7 VACANT
In Oulgaret Municipality around 6.04 Sq. Km of land is vacant as on 2015 and it accounts for 17.47%
of total area of the Municipality. Most of the vacant land parcels are located in Oulgaret, Alankuppam,
Kalapet, Pillaichavady. Most of the vacant land parcels are residential layouts developed and lying
vacant. Figure 4.19 shows the vacant land use in Oulgaret Municipality.
S. No Description Details
1. Area 24.38 Sq.km
AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL
9% WATERBODY
7%
INDUSTRY
13% 45% MIXED LANDUSE
RECREATION
2%
0% PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
0% RESIDENTIAL
22%
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
1%
VACANT
1%
Figure 4.21 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat-2015
Figure 4.21 shows the existing land use analysis chart for Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat and
table 4-6 shows the existing land use analysis. Out of the total 24.38 sq.km of land area of
Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat, 10.93 sq.km is occupied under agricultural land use and it is
the predominant land use within this commune panchayat. The predominance of agricultural land
use illustrates the rural character of the Ariyankuppam Commune. Residential land use accounts for
3.18 sq.km area of the Commune Panchayat. The revenue villages coming within Ariyankuppam
Percentage to
S. No Land Use Area in Sq.KM
Total Area
1. AGRICULTURE 10.93 44.84%
2. COMMERCIAL 0.27 1.09%
3. WATERBODY 5.30 21.73%
4. INDUSTRY 0.25 1.04%
5. MIXED LANDUSE 0.05 0.22%
6. RECREATION 0.02 0.07%
7. PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC 0.59 2.41%
8. RESIDENTIAL 3.18 13.05%
9. TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION 1.657 6.80%
10. VACANT 2.13 8.75%
11. Total 24.38 100.00%
Source: Compiled by Consultant
4.2.1.1 RESIDENTIAL
The figure 4.23 shows the residential use spreaded across the Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat,
it covers around 3.18 sq.km which accounts to 13.05% area of the CP. Residential landuse is
concentrated in Ariyankuppam and Manaveli revenue villages which are the major settlements of
this Commune Panchayat. Rest of the revenue villages have residential development which are
sparsely dispersed. A population of 72,055 occupies Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat, the gross
density is 29 persons per hectare and the net residential density 226 persons per hectare.
4.2.1.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use covers 0.27 sq.km which accounts to 1.09% of the total area of the
Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat. Due to the rural nature of the Commune Panchayat,
commercial land use is very low and it is mostly located along the East Coast Road and a few resorts
along the beach front.
4.2.1.3 INDUSTRIAL
The total industrial land use in Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat is 0.25 sq.km and it accounts to
1.04% of total area of the Municipality. There are no major industrial units in this commune
panchayat and most of them are smaller units scattered across the commune panchayat boundary.
4.2.1.7 VACANT
The area lying vacant as on 2015 in Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat is 2.13 sq.km which
accounts to 8.75 % of the total area of the CP. Large tracts of agricultural land is converted in
residential layout and currently not built on. Thavalakuppam and Abishekapakkam villages have
higher vacant land and this can be attributed to the development which has taken place considering
the proximity of these villages to ECR which is a major transit corridor.
S. No Description Details
1 Area 65.99 Sq. Km
2 Gross Density 1,921 Persons/sq km (19 pph)
3 Net Density 24,775 Persons/sq km (247 pph)
4 Location Central part of the Planning Area
5 Major Landmarks Villianur Railway Station, Oussudu Lake, Pogo Land,
Thirukameeswarer temple, Our Lady Of Lourde's Shrine,
etc..
Source: Compiled by Consultant
The existing land use analysis chart for Villianur Commune Panchayat is given in figure 4.31,
AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL
14% WATERBODY
7% INDUSTRY
1%
Figure 4.31 Existing Land Use of Villianur Commune Panchayat-2015
agricultural land use which is around 46% is the major land use in Villianur CP, Protected and
Undevelopable land contributes to 15% and around 14% of land is lying vacant within this CP.
Residential land use is 8%, traffic and transportation is 7%, industrial use is 5% of the Villianur
Commune Panchayat. The details of existing landuse analysis for Villianur Commune Panchayat is
given in table 4-8.
4.2.2.1 RESIDENTIAL
The figure 4.33 shows the residential use of Villianur Commune Panchayat, the residential use covers
5.12 sq.km which accounts to 7.75% of the total area of Villianur Commune Panchayat. Villianur
revenue village is the most densely developed residential settlement in Villianur Commune
Panchayat. The gross density of the Villianur Commune Panchayat is 19 persons per hectare and
net residential density is 247 persons per hectare.
4.2.2.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use in Villianur Commune Panchayat is very less, only 0.33 sq.km of land is
covered in this use which accounts to 0.50 % of total area of the Villianur Commune Panchayat.
Figure 4.34 shows the commercial land use in Villianur Commune Panchayat.
4.2.2.3 INDUSTRIAL
The Industrial land use in Villianur Commune Panchayat is around 5.4% of the total area and it
accounts to 3.57 sq.km area. The figure 4.35 shows the Industrial Land Use of the Villianur
Commune Panchayat. Sedarapet Industrial area is the largest contributor to industrial land use in
this commune panchayat limits. Other larger land parcel falling in industrial category is observed in
Thutipet village and Ariyur Village.
4.2.2.7 VACANT
In Villianur Commune Panchayat around 9.5 sq.km of land is vacant as on year 2015, which accounts
to 14.41% of the total area of the CP. Villianur, Uruvaiyaru, Odiampet, and Sedarapet villages have
higher concentration of vacant land parcels, most of them are agricultural lands developed as
residential layouts. These vacant lands can be used to address the future residential requirements.
The figure 4.39 shows the vacant land use in Villianur Commune panchayat.
S. No Description Details
1. Area 64.33 Sq.km
5%
5% AGRICULTURE
0% COMMERCIAL
6%
0% WATERBODY
5% 2% INDUSTRY
MIXED LANDUSE
12% RECREATION
65% PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
RESIDENTIAL
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
0%
VACANT
Figure 4.41 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart Mannadipet Commune Panchayat-2015
The existing land use analysis chart for Mannadipet Commune Panchayat is given in figure 4.41, the
agricultural land use occupies around 65% of the total commune panchayat area and it is the most
prominent land use, the second largest category of land use is under Protected and Undevelopable
use which accounts for 12% of the total area. Residential land use covers 6% and Industrial 4.86%,
Traffic & Transportation covers 4.75% of the Mannadipet Commune Panchayat.
Table 4-10 Existing Landuse Analysis for Mannadipet Commune Panchayat-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.3.1 RESIDENTIAL
The total land under residential use in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat is 4.03 sq.km which is
around 6.26% of total area of the commune panchayat. The figure 4.43 shows the residential use
in Mannadipet Commune panchayat. Village settlements are major contributor of the residential use
in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat. The gross density of this commune is 13 persons per hectare
and the net residential density is 214 persons per hectare.
4.2.3.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat is comparatively low and this is mainly
due to the rural and agrarian nature of the commune. Around 0.53% of the total commune area is
under commercial use which accounts to 0.34 sq.km. Figure 4.44 shows the commercial land use in
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4.2.3.3 INDUSTRIAL
Industrial land use in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat is shown in figure 4.45 and it accounts for
4.86% of the total area of the Commune Panchayat. Most of these industrial land use is located in
Thirubhuvanai, Thiruvandarkoil & Sanyasikuppam Village along the Villupuram-Pondicherry
Highway.
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4.2.3.7 VACANT
In Mannadipet Commune Panchayat the land lying vacant is around 4.84% of the total area of the
commune. Compared to other commune panchayats, land under vacant category is low and this can
be attributed to less land development activities due to the distance of this commune panchayat
with Puducherry city centre and lack of major transit corridors other than the Villupuram Road.
Figure 4.49 shows the vacant land in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat.
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Puducherry Planning Authority
The protected & undevelopable land use in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat accounts for 11.76%
of the total land area of the municipality which is 7.56 sq.km. The figure 4.50 shows the protected
& Undevelopable use in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat.
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S. No Description Details
1. Area 30.62 Sq.km
8%
AGRICULTURE
5% COMMERCIAL
WATERBODY
0% 8% INDUSTRY
0% 2% MIXED LANDUSE
5% RECREATION
10% 62%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
RESIDENTIAL
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
VACANT
0%
Figure 4.51 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat-2015
The existing land use analysis chart for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat is given in figure 4.51
and it’s clear that agricultural land occupies 62% of the total land area of the commune panchayat.
Around 10% of the land area in this commune panchayat falls under protected and undevelopable
land. Residential land covers around 8% of the total area and an equal percentage of area is lying
vacant in this commune panchayat.
Table 4-12 Existing Landuse Analysis for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.4.1 RESIDENTIAL
The figure 4.53 shows the residential use of Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat, the residential use
covers 2.32 sq.km which accounts to 7.58% of the total area of Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat.
The gross density of the Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat is 16 persons per hectare and net
residential density is 222 persons per hectare. The residential use in this commune is shown in figure
4.53.
4.2.4.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use in Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat is very minimal, only 0.1 sq.km of
land is covered in this use which accounts to 0.34 % of total area of the Nettapakkam Commune
Panchayat. Figure 4.54 shows the commercial land use in Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat.
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4.2.4.3 INDUSTRIAL
The Industrial land use in Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat is around 4.37% of the total area and
it accounts to 1.34 sq.km area. The figure 4.55 shows the Industrial Land Use of the Nettapakkam
Commune Panchayat. Major contributors of Industrial land use in Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat
are Eripakkam & Kariamanikkam villages.
Figure 4.56 Public & Semi-Public Use for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat
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Figure 4.58 Traffic & Transportation Use for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.4.7 VACANT
Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat has around 2.54 sq.km of vacant land, which accounts to 8.31%
of the total area of the CP. Karikalampakkam, Korkadu and Nettapakkam villages have higher
concentration of vacant land parcels compared to other villages of Nettapakkam Commune
Panchayat. Figure 4.59 shows the vacant land use in Nettapakkam Commune panchayat.
Figure 4.60 Protected & Undevelopable Use for Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat
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Puducherry Planning Authority
S. No Description Details
1. Area 54.82 Sq.km
13%
AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL
6% WATERBODY
INDUSTRY
6%
MIXED LANDUSE
0% 52%
2% RECREATION
0%
2% PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
19% RESIDENTIAL
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION
VACANT
0%
Figure 4.61 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart for Bahour Commune Panchayat-2015
The agricultural land use covers 52% of the total area of Bahour Commune Panchayat, around 19%
of land is under Protected & Undevelopable land use category. Residential and Traffic &
Transportation land use occupies 6% of the total area of this commune panchayat. Land currently
vacant in Bahour Commune Panchayat is 13% of the total commune area.
Table4-14 Existing Landuse Analysis for Bahour Commune Panchayat-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Figure 4.62 Existing Land Use Map for Bahour Commune Panchayat-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.5.1 RESIDENTIAL
The figure 4.63 shows the residential use spreaded across the Bahour Commune Panchayat, it covers
around 3.19 sq.km which accounts to 5.83 % area of the CP. Residential landuse is concentrated in
Bahour, Kirumampakkam, Utchimedu revenue villages which are the major settlements of this
Commune Panchayat. The gross density is 12 persons per hectare and the net residential density is
215 persons per hectare.
4.2.5.2 COMMERCIAL
The commercial land use in Bahour Commune Panchayat is very minimal, only 0.26 sq.km of land is
covered in this use which accounts to 0.48 % of total area of the Bahour Commune Panchayat.
Figure 4.64 shows the commercial land use in Bahour Commune Panchayat.
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.5.3 INDUSTRIAL
The total industrial land use in Bahour Commune Panchayat is 0.91 sq.km and it accounts to 1.66
% of total area of the Commune Panchayat. Most of the industrial land use is found on the eastern
side of ECR in Pillyarkuppam, Manapattu and Kirumampakkam villages. The industrial land use in
Bahour commune panchayat is shown in figure 4.65.
Figure 4.66 Public & Semi-Public Use for Bahour Commune Panchayat
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Figure 4.68 Traffic & Transportation Use for Bahour Commune Panchayat
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Puducherry Planning Authority
4.2.5.7 VACANT
The land area lying vacant as on 2015 in Bahour Commune Panchayat is 7.32 sq.km which accounts
to 13.35% of the total area of the CP. Vacant land percentage is high in Bahour commune, large
tracts of agricultural land is converted in residential layout and currently not built on.
Kirumampakkam, Pillayarkuppam, Seliamedu, Manapattu and Utchimedu village have higher vacant
land percentage and this can be attributed to the development which has taken place considering
the proximity of these villages to ECR which is a major transit corridor and also the proximity of
these villages to Cuddalore which is a major town on the southern part of the planning area.
Figure 4.70 Protected & Undevelopable Use for Bahour Commune Panchayat
& Undevelopable land use occupies around 14 % of the land area and residential land use is spread
over 11% of total land area of the planning area. About 11% of the planning area is currently lying
vacant, 8% is under traffic and transportation use, 4% is in industrial land use category and 5% of
the Puducherry Planning Area land is under Public and Semi-Public land use category.
AGRICULTURE
11%
COMMERCIAL
8%
WATERBODY
INDUSTRY
1%
Figure 4.71 Existing Land Use Analysis Chart for Puducherry Planning Area-2015
Details of existing land use analysis-2015 is shown in table 4-15, agricultural land use being the
predominant land use in the planning area occupies 135.84 sq.km area, Water body or Protected
and Undevelopable use is spreaded over 39.68 sq.km, residential use covers 32.12 sq.km and 33.63
sq.km is currently vacant. Priority should be given to utilize the vacant land to address the future
residential requirements of the planning area and compacting the development should be kept as a
key point in the preparation of CDP-2036 to avoid sprawl.
Table 4-15 Existing Landuse Analysis for Puducherry Planning Area-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Figure 4.72 Existing Land Use Map for Puducherry Planning Area-2015
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Table 4-16 Comparative ELU 2015 - Analysis of Municipalities and Commune Panchayats
Whereas commercial area is concentrated in the core of the PPA i.e. Boulevard Town. Thus, the Puducherry Municipality has the highest share of commercial
area. While, the area of waterbody is highest in Bahour followed by Villianur Commune. This is attributed to the presence of Bahour and Oussudu lake
respectively. Industrial area is highest in the Villianur Commune followed by Mannadipet Commune as both the communes have industrial estates. However,
residential area is high in Oulgaret Municipality which shows that there is more development happening in this area.
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Puducherry Planning Authority
The Existing Land Use area for entire PPA as well as for three categories is presented in the table
4-17. The Conurbation area is a continuous urban area comprising of towns and their outgrowths
merged with each other due to physical expansion and population growth. In the case of Puducherry,
conurbation area includes Puducherry Municipality, Oulgaret Municipality, Part of Villianur Commune
Panchayat and Part of Ariankuppam Commune Panchayat.
Table 4-17 Comparative ELU Analysis of Boulevard Town, Conurbation Area and Outside Conurbation Area
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Puducherry Planning Authority
3
As suggested by Public Works Department, RoW of roads are to be considered as per the RoW shown in
the FMB/TSS Sheets
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Table 5-1 List of National Highways passing through Puducherry Planning Area
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Table 5-3 List of Other District Roads (ODR) in Puducherry Planning Area
S. No Name of the Road (ODR) Type of Width of the
Road carriage way in
(meters)
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The other major city road running within Boulevard is Bussy Street from the Maraimalai Adigal Salai
connecting to Goubert Avenue on East. This stretch is completely developed like a Hospital corridor
with major Public and semipublic buildings and few shops.
On perusal of the existing road network of Puducherry City it is observed that some of the important
roads identified are not uniform in their width and some stretches needs widening to reduce
congestion and ease traffic movement. On a perusal of the existing road network it is observed that
the Thiruvalluvar Salai – Villianur Main Road from Nellithope Junction running towards north; ends
at the Subbaiah Statue Signal having 20 m width needs to be wideneded to 24m road to ease out
the traffic congestion.
The following are the list of other district roads / Collector roads which pass through the Puducherry
urban area.
Table 5-4 List of roads in urban areas, Puducherry Planning Area
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Figure 5.6 Indira Gandhi Statue Figure 5.7 Anna Statue Junction Figure 5.8 Rajiv Gandhi Statue
Junction Junction
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Table 5-6 List of major roundabouts in Puducherry Planning Area
S. No ROUNDABOUTS / ROTARY
1 Rajiv Gandhi Statue
2 Indira Gandhi Statue
3 Venkata Subba Reddiar Statue
4 Chevalier Sivaji Statue
5 Anna Statue
6 Villupuram - Madagadipet Road Junction
Source: Compiled by Consultants
Table 5-7 List of major cross intersections in Puducherry Planning Area
S. No CROSS INTERSECTIONS
1 Raja Theater Signal Junction
2 Mahatma Gandhi - S.V. Patel Salai Junction
3 Vazhudavur - Mettupalayam Road Junction
4 Sivaji Ganesan Statue Junction
5 Thavalakuppam -ECR Road Junction
6 Kanniakoil - Bahour Road Junction
7 Bahour - Madha Koil Junction
8 Karikalampakkam Junction
9 Embalam Junction
10 Villianur Bye pass - Olaivaikal Road Junction
11 Pitchayandisithar Koil - Villianur Junction
12 Villianur - Uruvaiyaru Road Junction
13 Mangalam - Uruvaiyaru Road Junction
14 Gundusalai - Villianur Road Junction
15 Pathukannu Junction
16 Anna Salai- 45 Feet Road Junction
Source: Compiled by Consultants
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
S. No T- INTERSECTIONS
1 Nellithope Market Junction
2 Subbaiah Statue
3 Lenin Street - Kamarajar Salai Junction
4 Vallalar Salai -kamarajar Salai Junction
5 South Boulevard - Dr. Ambedkar Junction
6 AFT Cuddalore - Maramalai Adigal Road Junction
7 Vallalar Salai - 45 Feet road Junction
8 ECR - Airport Road Junction
9 Dr. Ambedkar -Cuddalore Road Junction
10 Ariyankuppam Water Tank Junction
11 Kirumampakkam - Cuddalore Road Junction
12 Vedhapuri Natham - Kanniakoil Road Junction
13 Bahour Periya Koil Junction
14 Karayambathur - Nettapakkam Junction
15 Kariyamanikkam Bus Stop Junction
16 Madukkarai - Kariyamanickkam Road Junction
17 Thirubhuvanai - Villupuram Junction
18 Villianur North car - East car road Junction
19 Villianur Commune panchayat Office Junction
20 Mettupalayam - Villianur Road junction
21 Sedarapet - Mailam Road Junction
Source: Compiled by Consultants
Nellithope Market Junction – It is situated at the intersection of Villianur Main Road and point
care street. Due to the presence of vegetable and other markets and heavy inflow of traffic, this
junction faces the issue of congestion. Other issues include lack of parking and encroachment on
the road.
Subbaiah Statue - It is located at the intersection of Villianur Main road and Maraimalai Adigal
Salai. It faces heavy traffic as Maraimalai Adigal Salai directly connects to the Boulevard town, which
is a tourist attraction as well as existing Central Business District (CBD) of Puducherry.
Lenin Street – Kamaraja Salai Junction – It is a signalized junction and important as it connects
Thiruvalluvar Salai and Kamaraj Salai. This junction is congested in peak time as the Kamaraj Salai
connects the Rajiv Gandhi Junction and JN Street.
Vallalar Salai - 45 Feet road Junction – Vallalar Salai emanates from Anna salai and connects
Kamarajar Salai.
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ECR - Airport Road Junction – It is near Lawspet Main road. ECR is about 24 m wide in this
stretch and Airport road is approximately 12 m wide at this cross junction. Like other roads of
Puducherry, these roads also face the issue of congestion.
Dr. Ambedkar Statue - Cuddalore Road Junction – It is situated near Anitha Nagar. High
congestion is observed at this junction as both the roads carries heavy traffic as both connects
important areas of the planning area.
Kirumampakkam - Cuddalore Road Junction – It is located near Pillayarkuppam lake and has
a character of mixed use development around. Opposite to that, Kirumampakkam bus stand is
located which further worsens the traffic.
Thirubhuvanai - Villupuram Junction – Thirubhuvanai has a character of industrial development
and villupuram being the important nearby centre, this junction faces heavy traffic especially during
peak hours.
Table 5-9 List of major Y-Junctions in Puducherry Planning Area
S. No Y - INTERSECTIONS
1 Periyar Statue
2 ECR Bypass - M.G Road Junction
3 Kennady Park Junction
4 Cuddalore - Othavadai road Junction
5 Point care Street - Cuddalore road Junction
6 Marapalam Junction
7 Murungapakkam - Cuddalore road Junction
8 ECR - Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat Road Junction
9 Kandamangalam Railway crossing Junction
10 Mangalam - Villupuram road Junction
11 Villupuram Bypass - Villianur Main Road Junction
12 Villianur East Car - south car road Junction
13 Villianur North Car - West Car Junction
14 Moolakulam - Pitchaiveeranpet Junction
Source: Compiled by Consultants
These intersections are important, as heavy traffic can be anticipated and in view of the fact that
there is scope for designing roundabouts, it is desirable to workout suitable designs for constructing
Rotaries with Medians on all the arms of the intersection to segregate the traffic movements and
minimize accidents and such rotaries will obviate the need for signaling and policing at these
intersections.
Periyar Statue – It is at the intersection of Kamaraj Salai and Thiruvalluvar Salai roads. Most of
the time congestion is observed at this intersection due to heavy traffic coming/going from/to JN
street and boulevard town.
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Puducherry Planning Authority
ECR by pass – M.G. Road Junction – As the name suggests, it is the intersection of ECR and MG
Road near Kottakuppam. In this stretch of ECR, median is existing and creating comparatively
improved vehicular movements than the rest of the city.
Marapalam Junction – It is located near Thengaithittu creating intersection between ECR and
Cuddalore Roads. This junction experiences heavy traffic as both roads are important and connects
Cuddalore, an industrial town which attracts higher amount of traffic.
Point care Street - Cuddalore Road Junction – This junction is located just north to the
Marapalam Junction. This junction come across traffic as the Point care street is narrow and connects
an important road Cuddalore Road, which carries enough traffic.
Villianur East Car - South Car Road Junction – It is in the South-Eastern side of the block
created by four roads namely, North Car Street, West Car Street, South Car Street and East Car
Street. This is highly congested as all these four roads carry heavy traffic throughout the day as it
acts as another Central Business District (CBD) for Puducherry and is the centre point of the city in
terms of activities.
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Puducherry Planning Authority
Two-
8350 9794 8898 10068 13499 13889 14325 17361 21833 24691 25715 35146 39980 41995 46119 51358 56218 43064 37028 35471
Wheeler
LMV - Non-
2106 2801 1269 993 1786 1291 746 871 1496 2076 2448 3264 3692 3705 4338 5805 7616 5505 5056 4498
Transport
Public Transport
LMV -
Transport 215 198 237 200 365 261 193 425 287 367 177 370 250 147 210 205 680 246 136 218
(Passenger)
Heavy
Transport 131 88 141 97 421 322 202 457 505 600 314 175 150 120 113 163 180 222 140 269
(Passenger)
Total 10802 12881 10545 11358 16071 15763 15466 19114 24121 27734 28654 38955 44072 45967 50780 57531 64694 49037 42360 40456
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1999-2000
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
1999-2000
1999-2000
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Figure 5.10 Vehicle registration from 1995-2015
In Puducherry Region, the category of vehicles registered with regional transport office are
analysed, grouped as four different categories and are presented in the table 5.11
4 LMV (Jeep/Gypsy)
5 Invalid Carriage
6 Three-Wheeler private
LMV – Transport (Passenger)
1 Three-wheeler
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2 Jeep Taxi
3 Meter Taxi
4 Tourist Taxi / Sp Taxi
5 Station Wagon
6 Maxi Cab
7 Motor Cab/ Vikram
8 Tourist Maxi Cab
9 Private Service Vehicle
10 Ambulance
Heavy Transport (Passenger)
1 Tourist Bus
2 Educational Institutional Bus
3 Educational Institution Bus (NT)
4 School Bus
5 Omni Bus (Private use)
6 Mini Bus
7 Omni Bus
8 Bus
9 Semi Deluxe Bus
Source: RTO, Puducherry
The figure no. 5.10 shows that the growth in the two-wheeler registration has steadily increased
from 1995 to 2011 and after that it is decreasing steadily. This is attributed to the change in policy.
While in the LMV- Non-Transport category, the graph is quite fluctuating before 2001. Afterwards,
it is increasing and reaches its peak in 2011-12 and then it is decreasing. This also can be attributed
to the saturation of the city.
Trip Length:
The results of HH Survey reveals that out of the total HHs surveyed, 31% of commuting population
travels less than 1 km, 27% travel between 1-2 km, 13% between 2-3 km, 6% between 3-4 km,
6% between 4-5 km and 17% travel more than 5 km.
Per Capita Trip Rate
The per capita trip rate (PCTR) indicates the mobility of people through a particular mode of
transport. It is the ratio of total number of trips made by a particular mode of transport to the total
surveyed population. Higher the PCTR values of a mode of transport implies that large number of
trips are being made by that particular mode of transport.
Table 5-12 Per Capita Trip Rate of Mode
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Mode of Travel
As per the HH Survey, 20% travel through public transportation system, 52% uses Private vehicles,
1% travel through para transit, 26% walk for reaching their destination and 1% of the surveyed
population uses other mode of transport.
The Beach Road is proposed to be pedestrianized from 6 pm to 7:30 am starting from the junction
of Dumas Street and Goubert Avenue in
south boulevard till old distillery in the
northern side of boulevard.
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conservation. Street markets on this street have also reintroduced stalls that provide traditional
trades such as watch repairing, fortune-telling and clog making.
Figure 5.13 Two-Wheeler parking Figure 5.14 Private parking in Shopping Complex
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Peak hours. In view of this, there is need for providing off street parking facility in potential
commercial areas or in close proximity in CBD area. Multi-level parking can be resorted to provide
the needed parking facilities. The following locations are recognized for the provision of parking
facilities. These locations were suggested by various stakeholders as well in the stakeholders’
meetings conducted as part of the preparation of Comprehensive Development Plan.
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Moreover, the Old Jails premises is proposed as a dedicated parking area and wherever the vacant
plots are available, those can be used as dedicated parking areas with special permission from the
concerned department.
5.2.3.1.1 PROPOSALS FROM CMP
As per the Comprehensive Mobility Plan, the existing peak parking demand is estimated to 11,632
ECS. It is in this context; a parking management plan has been proposed not only to address deficit
but also to cater to the future demand. The parking management has been categorised in three
phases under this CMP, which are:
Short Term Management Measures:
To meet the parking demand and to ease the traffic congestion in Boulevard Area, parking from MG
Road, Mission Street, Jawaharlal Nehru Street and Rangapillai Street shall be shifted to some other
street as it attracts high footfall. However, shifting of parking all of a sudden would result in chaos.
Hence, premium parking is suggested on major roads to attract less vehicles. Moreover, Kamarajar
Salai, Thiruvalluvar Salai and Maraimali Adigal Salai Should be provided with one side
parking. Apart from on street parking, three locations are selected for off street parking
one in old jail and second in SETC Depot near Venkata Subba Reddiyar square and the
third in old distillery.
Medium Term Management Measures:
As a medium-term measure, it is recommended to enhance off street parking facility to multi-
level car parking. The existing off-street parking of central jail, bus stand and the proposed off-
street parking in short term measures at SETC Depot and Old Bus Stand are converted into Multi
Level car parking.
Long Term Management Measures:
In a long run, french town, which has the inheriting heritage value, should be made parking free
zone. On HM Kassim Road, parking is provided for non-motorized transport which would
help the commuters park their vehicle on HM Kassim Road and use NMT to enter french
town. The on-street parking on major roads to be removed totally and minor roads are made paid
parking. The facilities in multi-level car parking are to enhance the off-street parking, so that the
parking can be done only on the off-street proposed locations. On street parking is open only for
non-motorized transport.
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measured values, it is observed that the other pollutants like SO2, NO2, SPM etc. are in prescribed
limit. Puducherry Pollution Control Committee is monitoring ambient air quality at the following three
air Quality monitoring stations in Puducherry Region under National Air Quality Monitoring Program:
1. Local Administration Department near Bharathi Park (Residential)
2. Department of Science, Technology & Environment, Anna Nagar (Residential cum Commercial)
3. PIPDIC Industrial Estate, Mettupalayam (Industrial)
Each station is being monitored for 24 hours a day and two days in a week in a cyclic manner. The
pollutant assessed are Suspended Particulate Matter, Particulate Matter of size less than 10 μm,
Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2) and Nitrogen di oxide (NO2).
In LAD, the slightly higher concentration PM 10 can be due to vehicular emissions and resuspension
of road dust and in PIPDIC industrial estate it may be due to point and non-point sources
(Automobiles and industrial emissions). Due to strenuous actions taken by PPCC, viz, upgradation
of scrubber in the sulphur handling units, the pollutants levels are within the prescribed limits and
considerably has reduced in recent years. One of the other reasons for low pollution levels in coastal
cities like Puducherry can be attributed to the excellent dilution effects due to sea and breezes which
reduces pollution levels.
From the table no – 5-14 it is observed that out of the total accidents reported in the Puducherry
region the fatal injuries had decreased from 14.92 % in 2011 to 11.32 % in 2015 as per the
Department of Traffic, Puducherry. On the other hand, the accidents with injuries has increased
from 71.36 % in 2011 to 85.76 % in 2015.
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100.00%
90.00% 85.08% 85.76%
81.13% 80.10%
80.00% 71.36%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% 14.92% 14.75% 12.35% 11.32%
8.92%
10.00% 13.72% 12.52% 4.97%
0.00% 8.40% 4.12%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Total number of Fatal Accidents Total Number of injuries Total number of Non-Injuries
Figure 5.16 Details of accidents in Puducherry Area based on Fatalities & Injuries, 2011-15
100.00%
5.2.6 TRANSPORTAION 85.08% 85.76%
90.00%
5.2.6.1 TRANSPORTATION BY ROAD
81.13% 80.10%
5.2.6.2
80.00% URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
71.36%
The Puducherry region has city bus transportation
70.00%
facilities managed by Puducherry Road Transport
Corporation
60.00% (PRTC). The City service division of the
PRTC
50.00%has been operating within the city as well as
suburban areas covering entire Puducherry Planning
Area, Connecting the following places namely Bahour,
40.00%
Karayambathur, Villianur, Madagadipet, Mannadipet,
30.00%
Sedarapet, Kalapet and Nettapakkam.
20.00% 14.92% 14.75%
Apart from that, there are private bus operators 12.35%
who 8.92% 11.32%
operates
10.00% bus from puducherry to other cities and within
13.72%
the region as well. The details of 12.52%
private buses are8.40%
as Figure 5.17 Puducherry Main Bus4.97%
terminus
0.00%
below: 4.12% view
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Table 5-15 Details of Private Buses in Puducherry
Bus Route Route Origin Destination No. of
TypeTotal number
Type of Fatal
No.Accidents Total Number of injuries Trips
Total number of Non-Injuries
Private Urban 813 Villianur Puducherry 7
Private Urban 813
Details of accidents Puducherry Villianur & Injuries, 2011-15 7
in Puducherry Area based on Fatalities
Private Urban 813 Puducherry Mettupalayam IE 7
Private Urban 813 Mettupalayam IE Puducherry 7
Private Urban 811 Mettupalayam Puducherry 8
Private Urban 811 Puducherry Mettupalayam 8
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9 G.H to Chinnaveerampattinam 1
10 Puducherry to Airport 1
11 Railway station to Airport 1
12 Veerampattinam to Gorimedu 1
13 Gorimedu to Veerampattinam 1
Source:- PRTC, Puducherry
The Complete Puducherry urban area is well linked with public transport facilities. The important
areas covering within urban area are major hospitals, educational institutions, tourism locations,
religious places and major transport nodal points.
5.2.6.5 INTER CITY BUS SERVICES OPERATED BY PRTC
The intercity public transport system table given below:
Table 5-19 List of Inter-City Bus Service from Puducherry Bus Terminus, 2016
Apart from the city services the transport infrastructure available in the city includes the state
transport services running to different states. Private bus transport is also available. The transport
services operated by transport corporations of Tamilnadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Mahe are operating through Puducherry using the available infrastructure. It is reported that
Puducherry road transport Corporation carries 63.88 lakhs of passengers in the year 2014.
5.2.6.6 Intermediate Public Transport
In Puducherry region, there are two main types of intermediate transport systems prevailing. The
first one are cycle, auto rickshaw or taxi to collect the passengers from door to door. The other one
is fixed route or informal public transport systems such as share autos, tempos & mini buses from
prominent locations like bus stands, commercial streets, public institutes etc. For very short trips
within the city and last mile travel to residential layout public transport system offer very less options
and hence IPT systems play vital role in this segment as feeder to mass public transport systems.
Auto stands are located at all prime points of the city in and around residential layouts, it is
considered as the most affordable means of transportation next to Public Transport services.
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The shuttle service is also mostly preferred by the working population who commute on a fixed route
like from major residential settlements to city bus stand or prominent employment points within the
planning area. The tricycle rickshaw is still in function especially in Boulevard area for tourist to have
the glimpse of cityscape, cultural heritage, and architecture.
Since the IPT supports especially for the poor, who cannot afford own private vehicles, it provides
an alternative to transportation option to the public. Hence introducing the battery rickshaw, Auto
rickshaw CNG may support the people to meet the travel of shorter distance of public as well as to
cater the tourism population
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Table 5-20 List of Trains from Puducherry Railway Station
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80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
Figure 5.19 Number of Commuters from Puducherry Region to Surrounding Areas, 2011-15
station discourages the people to use rail system. Encouraging the local trains within Puducherry
area may reduce the traffic volume on the important corridors.
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5.4 AIRPORT
Puducherry Airport is located at Lawspet in Puducherry with an area of 681134 sq mt. The airport
has charter flights and the local flying training school operating out of this airport. The Puducherry
Government has decided to expand the Pondicherry Airport to accommodate larger aircraft.
Pondicherry Airport has one asphalt runway, 1500 metres long and 30 metres wide. It has a 100 by
150 metre apron and the terminal building can handle 300 passengers during peak hours.
Navigational aids at Pondicherry include an Aerodrome beacon. A Memorandum of Understanding
was signed between the local Government and the Airports Authority of India in June 2007 for
expansion of the airport. In the first phase, the runway was extended by 260 metres to enable
landing of ATR type of aircraft.
The ongoing Phase-II will see an extension of an additional 1100 meters of runway by acquiring
another 200 acres of land in the adjoining state of Tamilnadu to operate larger jet aircraft
The Puducherry region currently has an airport facility, which is yet to be brought under major civil
aviation network. As of now flight service are operated to Bangalore and Hyderabad. The nearest
major functional domestic and international airport is in Chennai which is almost 135 km proximity
from Pondicherry region. The Bangalore is also easily reachable through airways from Chennai
airport.
5.5 PORT
The existing minor port of Pondicherry is situated on the east coast of India between two major
ports namely, Chennai and Tuticorin with an area of 325911.10 sq mt. It is an open roadstead
anchorage port situated about 150 kms South of Chennai. The port is suitable for lighterage
operations during fair weather months (February to September).
Pondicherry port carries a minor share of the total cargo handled at the Indian ports. The cargo
handled at Pondicherry port is of diverse nature. The principal commodities include cement, fertiliser,
sugar, food grain, molasses and other general cargo. Molasses used to be handled through the old
port, but because of the poor condition of the pier this activity has been discontinued and the
molasses storage tanks have been removed from the Old Port. The large amount of cargo handled
in the 1980's onwards was primarily due to transshipment, an activity that is discontinued in the
port from 2007 onwards. There is a proposal to develop the Pondicherry port in association with
Kamaraj Port, Ennore, to handle the various types of clean cargos including container cargo,
integration of tourism with maritime activity and infrastructure requirements are in pipeline with the
development plan.
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Transport Nagar
Multi Level Car Parking
Road Over Bridges proposals
These proposals are included on the basis of
its suitability with the Landuse proposals in
the Comprehensive Development Plan.
5.7 ISSUES
5.7.2 PARKING
As mentioned earlier, there is no designated parking area in the Puducherry Planning Area. At
present, the old jail complex in J.N Street is temporarily used as two wheeler parking area and the
paved area above the Grand Canal is used for both four wheeler and two wheeler parking. There
are 3 two-wheelers paid parking places around the Puducherry central bus terminus. Apart from the
above mentioned paid parking areas, on
street parking is practiced in the entire
Boulevard area where heavy traffic
movement is observed. The on street parking
of vehicles coming within French Quarter is
mainly due to recreation, tourism activities
and work purpose due to the presence of
schools and government buildings. The on
street parking of vehicles coming within
Tamil quarter is mainly due to health care
and trade and commerce activities. The on
street parking reduces the effective
carriageway width thereby inducing
congestion. Need for additional parking area
Figure 5.22 JN Street – On street parking reducing the
is keenly felt in the Boulevard Town because
effective width of the carriageway
of the recreation activities, tourism activities,
commercial activities and due to the
presence of schools and government buildings.
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such as MG Street, Mission Street, Bussy Street, Rangapillai Street, Anna Salai, Maraimalai Adigal
Salai, Kamaraj Salai, JIPMER road and all approach roads to the Goubert avenue, Ajanta Square and
Anna Square which lacks footpaths.
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Figure 5.26
45 mCross
wideSection of Road
Arterial 45m wide Arterial
– Cross Road
Section
Figure 5.27
60 m Cross SectionRoad
wide Arterial of 60m wide
- Cross Arterial Road
Section
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Figure 5.2860
Cross Section
m wide Arterialof 30m
Road wide
- Cross Sub-Arterial Road
Section
2.5 m 1.85 m
24 Figure
m 7.5
wide
m
5.29 CrossRoad
Major Section
0.3 m
of 24mSection
– Cross Major Road
7.5 m 1.85 m 2.5 m
MFZ MFZ
MFZ MFZ
2.5 m 2.85 m 3.5 m 0.3 m 3.5 m 2.85 m 2.5 m
2.5 m 2.85 m 3.5 m 0.3 m 3.5 m 2.85 m 2.5 m
18 m wide Major Road – Cross Section
Figure
18 5.30Major
m wide CrossRoad
Section of 18m
– Cross Major Road
Section
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Area of
Sl. Proposed Road
Road Name (New/missing Linkages) Acquisition
No. width length
(Ha.)
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Area of
Sl. Proposed Road
Road Name (New/missing Linkages) Acquisition
No. width length
(Ha.)
Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Entire East Coast Road (ECR)
1 24, 30m 18246m 45m 32.84
passing through PPA
15, 21,
2 Entire NH 45A passing through PPA 11520m 60m 32.26
60m
NH 66 – Rajiv Gandhi square to
3 30m 2402m 60m 7.21
Gorimedu
Arumparthapuram to Mudaliarpet
4 21m 4126m 60m 16.09
(NH 45A bypass)
9, 12,
5 Vazhudavoor Road till Vadhanur 22240m 18m 13.34
15m
6, 9, 15,
6 Villianur to Murungapakkam 7350m 18m 4.41
18m
Ring Road – Sedarapet-Karasoor-
Thutipet-Kuppam-Thethampakkam-
Kodathur-Kunichampet-Vadhanur- 3, 6, 9,
7 Madagdipet-Eripakkam- 12, 15, 44291m 24m 59.79
Pandashozhanoor-Panayadikuppam- 18m
Karayamputhur-Kaduvanur-
Irulansathai-Bahour-Utchimedu
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Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Road from Koodapakkam-Villianur-
Uruvaiyaru-Korkadu-
9 9, 12m 26888m 24m 36.3
Karikalampakkam-Aranganur-
Seliamedu-Bahour-Pillaiyarkuppam
Pudhucherry Church to
17 Mettupalayam Bus stop via Diamond 12m 1006m 24m 1.21
Nagar
Muthirayarpalayam Bus stop to
18 9m 1085m 15m 0.65
Moolakulam Bus stop
Road passing through residential
19 6m 1454m 15m 1.31
area in Kurumbapet
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Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Karayamputhur to
35 6m 1167m 15m 1.05
Perichchambakkam
Soriyankuppam Bus stop to
36 9m 2370m 15m 1.42
Cuddalore main road
Pinnatchikuppam to Kirumampakkam
41 bus stop via Adhingapet and 6, 9m 2320m 15m 1.74
Pillayarkuppam road
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Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Roads in Irulansanthi, Kuruvinatham,
Parikkalpattu, Utchimedu, 3, 6, 9,
44 16630 12m 7.48
Manapattu, Pillayarkuppam and 12m
Seliamedu
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Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Ramanathapuram-Sedarapet Road to
59 6,9 m 2750m 18m 2.89
Pillayarkuppam
Ramanathapuram-Sedarapet Road to
61 Sedarapet main road in 6, 9m 1107m 15m 0.83
Ramanathapuram
Road from Sanjeevani Nagar to
62 9m 1440m 15m 0.86
Rayapettai in Alankuppam
Road starting from
63 Arumparthapuram and merging with 6, 9m 2909m 15m 2.18
Vadamangalam Main Road
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Proposed Area of
Sl. Existing Road
Road Name to be Acquisition
No. Width length
widened (Ha.)
Veerampattinam Road passing near
72 Shivaji nagar and ending near 6, 9m 4425m 15m 3.32
Chinna Veerampattinam
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adopt a mode which will be adequate for future demand levels in both quantity and quality. Hence
multi- modal systems which integrates the existing PT system with proposed modes for a seamless
journey to the commuters within the planning area is to be adopted.
5.8.3.1 Metro & Mono Rail
Metro rail is one of the most commonly
adopted rapid transit system. Kolkata metro
being the first mass rapid transit system and
Delhi Metro is the first modern metro
introduced in the country. Recently, the
Government of India has proposed to give
assistance for metro rail systems to all cities
with more than 1 million population. This
segment of rapid transit system is seeing
huge growth in recent years due to the
volume of passengers it can transport. As of
2016 there are 8 operational metro systems
in India, with an operational length of 324
km and around 520 km is under
construction.
To sustain an economically feasible metro or
mono rail operations a minimum population Figure 5.32 Metro Rail
of 2 million is required as per criteria
specified for mode of selection of mass
transport system by the National Transport Development Policy Committee, Government of India.
The projected population for the planning area is 1.62 million by 2036, hence metro rail and mono
rail options are not feasible with projected figures as of now, but the authority can access their
feasibility in later half of the plan period understanding the growth and prevailing demand for mass
transit.
5.8.3.2 Light Rail Transit System
To assess the viability and feasibility of Light
Rail Transit System it is important to
understand what a Light Rail Transit System
is and its historical development. There are
many definitions as per various literatures for
Light Rail Transit. It is defined as a mode of
urban transportation that uses predominantly
reserved but not necessarily grade-separated,
right of ways. Electrically propelled rail
vehicles operate singly or in trains. It provides
a wide range of passenger capabilities and
performance characteristics at moderate
costs. Figure 5.33 Mono Rail
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connecting town centers with surrounding regions, their flexibility in operating speed and
comfortable journey experience. With densification planning concept adopted within the conurbation
area and promoting transit oriented development by providing developments along transit corridors,
LRT system can be a way forward for the planning area. The identified 4 transport hubs within the
planning area can be connected with LRT network which can make utilization of the RoW of the
circulation network proposed for the CDP-2036.
In the planning area, the existing railway network between Villupuram - Puducherry along with
proposed railway lines of Villianur - Cuddalore & Villianur – Tindivanam have the potential to operate
DEMU trains operated by the Indian Railways. Introduction of DEMU's in these corridors will increase
the connectivity of the communes with hinterland and city center. With introduction of multiple stops
along these stretches at 500 m apart in the conurbation areas and 1 km apart outside the
conurbation, and with improved circulation network of CDP-2036, the regional connectivity of the
planning area will get strengthened.
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convenient and faster than regular bus services Figure 5.35 Bus Rapid Transit System
due to the fact that they run on dedicate bus bays
and hence not delayed by the regular city traffic.
The Puducherry City bus system needs to be improved to attract a large portion of the commuters
to avoid the use of private vehicles in favour of public transport. For this the prevailing city bus
system needs to be strengthened, this can act as a support for the mass rapid transit systems which
are elaborated above. BRTS is a successful system adopted by many Indian cities like Ahmedabad
and Indore. Due to faster implementation, lesser capital investment BRTS is a good alternative for
sustainable transport solution for the planning area. BRTS can be implemented along the major
transit corridors like NH-45A, SH-203, SH-49 and other major roads proposed as part of CDP-2036.
Due to the non-contiguous nature of the planning area BRTS on these said roads might have to pass
through normal traffic in areas which falls under Tamilnadu, this might affect the operational
advantage of BRTS systems.
CURITIBA, BRAZIL
Curitiba’s urban development strategy is a model for cities around the world. Accessible public
transportation is prioritized when choosing housing and commercial building locations. The public
transportation system is exceptional in terms of its affordability for customers, the use of enclosed
prepay stations, and the integration of transfer terminals. Since the 1970s, Curitiba has integrated
public transportation planning into the overall city plan. In 1972, Curitiba created one of the
world’s first pedestrian malls in order to reduce vehicle traffic in a busy area. Today, public
transportation is the priority in Curitiba’s long-term structural plan for urban development. High
traffic areas such as shopping centers and high rise apartment buildings are conveniently located
next to public transportation stations. This level of accessibility has reduced automobile
dependence. Curitiba’s long term plan promotes dense land use by developing the city along
existing bus routes.Curitiba is regarded as an excellent example of Transit Oriented Development
(TOD), which implies that residential, business and recreational areas should be built in high
density areas and close to public transport stations. In addition, rather than promoting segregated
zoning of land uses, TOD proposes land use mix to reduce the travel distances. By coupling the
development of a pedestrian friendly community with an efficient low-emissions Bus Rapid Transit
(BRT) system and lower car parking availability, Curitiba has successfully reduced the overall
travel of its residents. Planning for Curitiba’s next major project has already begun. New roads
will be constructed near new residences and businesses, each with access to a new BRT route,
the “Green Line.” For over 40 years, Curitiba has been able to successful integrate transportation
and land-use planning. Such experience has also been a model for other large cities, particularly
from emerging economies, which have decided to invest on BRT as the backbone of their public
transport system. Curitiba has cooperated with private companies to develop buses which are
adjusted to the needs of various types of transit routes.
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1500m from Thavalakuppam to Cuddalore. This is possible only if the double lines are proposed
instead of single line. In Puducherry the line shall end at Mudaliarpet where the Cuddalore line
intersect and Villupuram Line intersect.
Puducherry to Tindivanam: Presently, the rail link between Tindivanam and Puducherry is also
under planning stage. The Puducherry region shall be served with Tram-Train and long distance
links shall be served with MEMU/DEMU. The Tram-Train link is expected to start from Mudaliarpet
and extend till Sedarapet with route length of 12.2km while MEMU/DEMU shall be from Mudaliarpet
to Tindvanam.
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At present, like many other countries, India has a policy for namely National Transit Oriented
Development (TOD). Transit Oriented Development is essentially any development, macro or micro,
that is focused around a transit node, and facilitates complete ease of access to the transit facility,
thereby inducing people to prefer to walk and use public transportation over personal modes of
transport. (Source: Transit Oriented Development Policy, Norms and Guidelines by Delhi
Development Authority). High density urban growth offers the opportunity for trip lengths to be
short. It promotes a high level of accessibility for NMT. It fosters successful, financially viable PT,
and enables cities to have low levels of energy use per person in UT. The Government of India would
encourage Transit Oriented Development (TOD) with increased FAR along transit corridors with high
density of population should form a part of planning.
The major element of TOD is a congregation of housing, jobs, shops, and other activities around PT
stations/stops. The physical environment is often enhanced with wide sidewalks, an absence of
surface parking lots and large building setbacks. Thus, TOD includes planning for:
More people to live close to transit services and to use it
A rich mix of uses within walking distance of a PT station/stop
Pedestrian facilities and multi-modal connectivity with focus on moving people
Making PT station/stop a gateway to the community. Building bye-laws and planning norms
should be revised for all cities so as to encourage high FAR and ground coverage along major
PT corridors
TOD integrates land use and transport planning and aims to develop planned sustainable urban
growth centers, having walkable and livable communes with high density mixed land-use. Citizens
have access to open green and public spaces and at the same time transit facilities are efficiently
utilized
TOD focuses on creation of high density mixed land use development in the influence zone of transit
stations, i.e. within the walking distance of (500-800 m) transit station or along the corridor in case
the station spacing is about 1km TOD advocates pedestrian trips to access various facilities such as
shopping, entertainment and work
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OD increases the accessibility of the transit stations by creating pedestrian and Non-Motorised
Transport (NMT) friendly infrastructure that benefits large number of people, thereby increasing the
ridership of the transit facility and improving the economic and financial viability of the system. Since
the transit corridor has mixed land-use, where the transit stations are either origin (housing) or
destination (work), the corridor experiencing peak hour traffic in both directions would optimize the
use of the transit system.
TOD integrates land use and transport planning to develop compact growth centers within
the influence zone of 500-800 m on either side of the transit stations i.e. areas within walking
distance, to achieve the following objectives
To promote the use of public transport by developing high density zones in the influence
area, which would increase the share of transit and walk trips made by the residents/ workers
to meet the daily needs and also result in reduction in pollution and congestion in the
influence area.
To provide all the basic needs of work/ job, shopping, public amenities, entertainment in the
influence zone with mixed land-use development which would reduce the need for travel.
To establish a dense road network within the development area for safe and easy movement
and connectivity of NMT and pedestrians between various uses as well as to transit stations.
To achieve reduction in the private vehicle ownership, traffic and associated parking demand.
To develop inclusive habitat in the influence area so that the people dependent on public
transport can live in the livable communities within the walkable distance of transit stations.
To integrate the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and affordable housing in the influence
zone by allocating a prescribed proportion of built-up area for them in the total housing
supply.
To provide all kinds of recreational/entertainment/ open spaces, required for a good quality
of life in the influence area.
To ensure development of safe society with special attention to safety of women, children,
senior citizen and differently abled by making necessary amendments to the building bye
laws.
Though no mass rapid transport system has been proposed for Puducherry region, ECR and NH-45A
for a depth of 200m have been earmarked for mixed commercial use, enabling implementation of
TOD along this corridors
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Many cities in India is facing issues in delivering efficient, comfortable and affordable mobility options
to its citizens. The current lack of connectivity to the public transportation systems, abundant
subsidized parking options as well as lack of safety for walkers, cyclists and women in the cities has
resulted in public transportation being relegated to second or even last choice of travel. This has
consequentially resulted in the ever increasing number of private vehicles plying in the cities. Our
cities need to restructure and redefine how it works, lives and finds means of recreation. This is
possible through Transit Oriented Development (TOD). In order to curb these issues, Delhi
Development Authority has come up with the policy guideline for Transit Oriented Development. The
provisions of TOD include:
Development/ Redevelopment in TOD zone will be incentivized by providing significantly higher
FAR of 400 on the entire amalgamated plot being developed/ redeveloped. However, these higher
norms can be availed only for plots of area of 1 Ha or more for which a comprehensive integrated
scheme has to be prepared. In contrast, the minimum scheme area for undertaking
redevelopment outside TOD zone is 4 Ha. Within an approved scheme area in TOD Zone,
development can be taken up in phases for minimum plot size of 3,000 ㎡ at a time. Minimum
scheme area for development by Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) agencies such as DMRC,
Rapid Rail Transit System (RRTS) and Railways will be 3,000 sq m.
Additional FAR may be availed only through Transferable Development Rights (TDR), for schemes
larger than 1 Ha.
Entire approved layout plan of a scheme will be included in influence zone if more than 50% of
the plan area falls inside the influence zone.
It will be mandatory to use a minimum of 30% of overall FAR for residential use, a minimum of
10% of FAR for commercial use and a minimum of 10% of FAR for community facilities. Utilization
of remaining 50% FAR shall be as per the land use category designated in the Zonal Plan. For
example, in residential use zone, of the remaining 50% of overall FAR, at least 20% will be for
residential use and other uses are permitted up to 30%. Similarly, in commercial use zone, of the
remaining 50% of overall FAR, at least 40% will be for commercial use and other uses are
permitted up to 10%.
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There shall be a mix of Housing types for a wide range of income brackets within communities
with shared public spaces/ greens/ recreational facilities/ amenities, which will minimize
gentrification and create more community oriented developments.
The mandatory residential component covering 30% FAR shall wholly comprise of units of 65 ㎡
area or less. Out of these half of the FAR, i.e. 15% of the total FAR, has to be used for units of
size ranging between 32-40 ㎡. Over and above this, an additional mandatory FAR of 15%, i.e.
FAR of 60 has to be utilized for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS). The size of EWS units will
range between 32-40 ㎡. This is a significant pro-poor and pro middle class measure which will
further the objectives of ‘Housing for All’ Mission.
For example, in a 1 Ha (10,000 ㎡) plot, the permissible FAR of 400 amounts to 40,000 ㎡. Out
of this, it will be mandatory to provide 30% i.e. 12,000 ㎡ for units of 65 ㎡ area or less. Out of
this 12,000 ㎡, 50% i.e. 6,000 ㎡ has to be used for units ranging between 32-40 ㎡. Over and
above these, it shall be mandatory to use 15% of permissible FAR i.e. 40,000 X 0.15 = 6,000 ㎡
for EWS units ranging between 32-40 ㎡. Thus, in a TOD development/ redevelopment on 1 Ha
area, 18,000 ㎡ (45%) of built up area has to be used for providing housing units for the poor
and middle class.
20% of land shall be used for roads/ circulation areas. 20% area for green open space shall be
kept open for general public use at all times. Further, 10% area of green area may be for exclusive
use.
MRTS agencies have been exempted from providing the mandatory 30% residential component
which is part of the TOD norms applicable to all other Developer Entities (DEs).
Computerized single window clearance system shall be adopted for approval of TOD projects.
Increase in safety especially for women and children using public transport or walking at night
shall be facilitated through changes in key Development Code aspects such as revised setback
Corridor 1: From
Kalapet to
Thavalakuppam
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norms, dispensing with boundary walls, having built‑to‑edge buildings with active frontages
which provide ‘eyes-on-the-street’, etc.
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6 HOUSING
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Housing sector is employment intensive, it generates employment during its construction period and
also during its life for maintenance purpose. The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
(UNCHS) uses a broader term "Settlement conditions" because it extends to all those components
of the physical environment with which an individual or a community comes into contact and which
are used on a regular basis for the whole range of human activities - the individual dwelling and its
related services, the dwelling's immediate surroundings, community facilities, transportation and
communications network and so on.
The importance of housing was universally accepted from the dawn of history. French, under the
command of Francois Martin, the first Governor General of Puducherry, set up a factory in
Puducherry and built a fort during 1674 A.D with a view to attract the local workforce and soon
Puducherry emerged as a prosperous settlement. In 1693, Dutch took over the town and made
plans for the expansion of the city limits westwards with a settlement laid out in grid iron pattern.
The extension had a structure, which corresponded to a spatial-functional distribution of the different
Indian communities such as Brahmins, weavers, merchants, farmers, craftsmen etc. The Dutch
design of grid-iron pattern had been partially implemented when the French returned to Puducherry
in 1699 and it was completed by them. English destroyed the whole town of Puducherry in 1761.
French regained the power in 1765 and rebuilt the town in the old foundations with a fortification.
The period from 1761 - 1814 witnessed the shuttling of the reign by British and French rulers. Finally,
French took control of the settlements of Puducherry, Mahe, Yanam, Karaikal (2 districts of the
present Union Territory of Puducherry) in 1816. The city was both physically and politically
devastated by then and there was a strong need to rebuild the city. In 1824, in the place of
fortifications, and outer boulevard was laid and the location of the Grand Bazaar was decided in
1826. Over the period the demand for housing increases due to growth of population, rapid pace of
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industrialization and urbanization. Hence, the Puducherry Housing Board was constituted under a
special enactment viz. the Pondicherry Housing Board Act, 1973 (No.7 of 1974) with the assent of
the President of India and also with an avowed object to mitigate the housing shortage by promoting
housing and improvement schemes in the Union Territory of Puducherry. This body had started its
activities wide open to the public in general and to the shelter less population in particular. Hence
with rapid urbanization and changing socio-economic patterns, there is a significant increase in the
housing shortage. Therefore, the housing sector is considered to be the engine of growth which has
immense potential of giving a push to economy. Therefore, provision of housing can make a
significant difference in the economic wellbeing both in rural and urban area in the system.
6.2 EXISTING SCENARIO
In today’s context, perhaps the most important issue for urban dwellers is to find an appropriate
place to live. It is observed that the price of all kind of housing have been increasing exorbitantly,
which indicate that the investment in housing sector is unable to match pace with the increasing
demand for housing. Given the importance of housing, there are several issues which need to be
tackled to promote the provision of this basic need in Puducherry. Rapid urbanization and rural to
urban migration has led to a substantial shortage of housing in the region. The direct result of this
is the concentration of informal settlements in the city. Given that the shortage in housing is
concentrated at the bottom of the pyramid, the sector can play an important role in the socio-
economic development.
Moreover, with the rapid urbanization and significant increase in the housing demand, housing sector
is considered to be the engine of immense potential of giving a push to the economy because of its
link with the employment generation and livelihood. Therefore, provision of housing can make a
significant difference in income of families, both in rural and urban areas. The number of households
in Puducherry Planning Area for year 2011 is given in the table 6-1:
Table 6-1 Number of Household in PPA, 2011
Municipality/
Total Population % Total No. of
Commune HH size
(2011) Population Households (2011)
Panchayat
Puducherry 2,44,377 25.7 60,638 4
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in coming future. The two municipalities, Puducherry and Oulgaret accommodates more than half
of the population (57.3%) of Puducherry Planning Area. The overall household size of the Puducherry
Planning area for 2011 is 4.1, which is almost similar to the regions of Yanam and Karaikal, while
Mahe has the HH size of more than 5.5. In planning area, HH size is the lowest in Puducherry
Municipality and highest in Mannadipet Commune Panchayat. The maximum Household size is
observed in rural area while the lowest is observed in urban area.
Source: District Census Handbook, Puducherry, Village & Town wise Primary Census Abstract
2011, Directorate of Census Operations, Puducherry – Pg No. 102, 103
5% 7% Permanent Permanent
24%
Semi- Semi-
Permanent 15% 61% Permanent
88%
Temporary
Temporary
The figure 6.2 indicates that around 88% are permanent households, 5 % are semi-permanent and
7% of dwelling units are temporary units in Puducherry urban area. In rural areas, the percentage
of permanent housing is 61%, semi-permanent housing is 15% and temporary housing units are
around 24%. Figure 6.3 indicates that around 61% are permanent houses, 15% of dwelling units
are semi-permanent and 24% of dwelling units are temporary units in Puducherry rural area. It is
also being observed that in rural areas 1/4th (23.72%) of total households are temporary houses.
This clearly indicates that focusing the housing development in rural areas is of utmost importance
in order to provide basic need of the people.
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The table 6-3 it is observed that 21% of total households are owning single room in the urban area
and 2 % of the Households are living in both owned and rented dwellings units without any separate
rooms. It is also observed that 1% of the Households are living in three plus rooms in rented. In
overall the 40% of the households are residing in one room in urban are on the total urban
households.
No exclusive room One room Two rooms Three rooms Three plus rooms
100% 5 1
6
80% 10
14
60% 19
40%
21 19
20%
0% 2 2
Percentage of Owned Percentage of Rented
Urban
Figure 6.4 Proportion of households by ownership of dwellings in Urban area
The figure 6.4 illustrates that only 5% of the total urban households own the three plus room in the
urban area. It is also observed that the ratio of owned to rented households in urban area is 58:42.
Hence, it is clear that the 42% of the households are yet to own their house.
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No exclusive room One room Two rooms Three rooms Three plus rooms
100% 4 0
1
12
80%
5
60% 30
40%
8
20% 35
0% 4 1
Percentage of Owned Percentage of Rented
Rural
Figure 6.5 Proportion of households by ownership of dwellings in Rural area
The figure 6.5 illustrates that only 4% of the total rural households own three plus room in the rural
area. It is also observed that the ratio of households in rural area residing in owned to rented is
86:14. Hence it clearly indicates that 14 % of the households are yet to construct their own house.
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Table 6-5 Proportionate of households by ownership of dwellings in Puducherry Planning area
S. No Households by ownership Puducherry Planning area
of dwellings Percentage Percentage Total
of Owned of Rented Percentage
1 No exclusive room 3 1 4
2 One room 26 16 41
3 Two rooms 23 11 34
4 Three rooms 11 4 15
5 Three plus rooms 5 1 6
6 Total 67 33 100
Source: Census, 2011
The table 6-5 reveals the proportionate of households by ownership of dwellings in entire Puducherry
Planning Area. It is observed that 26% of total households are owning single room in the region and
1% of the households are living in rented dwellings units without any separate rooms. It is also
observed that only 1% of the households are living on rented in three plus rooms. Overall, 41% of
the total households are residing in one room in Puducherry Planning Area.
No exclusive room One room Two rooms Three rooms Three plus rooms
100% 5 1
4
80% 11
11
60% 23
40%
26 16
20%
0% 3 1
Percentage of Owned Percentage of Rented
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direct, indirect and induced effects in all sectors of the economy. (Source: Department of Industrial
policy and promotion 2016)
Puducherry region experienced almost one third increase in population growth between the census
year 2001 and 2011. This increasing trend has resulted in promotion of huge amount of all kind
infrastructure development in Puducherry Planning Area. With a fair infrastructure availability and
proximity to IT hubs like Chennai & Bangalore, Puducherry has opened an immense opportunity for
Real Estate as a Holiday home market along with existing commercial & residential requirements of
the region. This has led to a boost in the real estate market of Puducherry with builders and
developers from across the country investing in the Puducherry Planning Area. Moreover, the
industrial infrastructure development carried out by PIPDIC has attracted investments to the region
and has played a vital role in promoting industrial development of region and making it an attractive
location for investors from across the country. The Government of India along with the governments
of the surrounding states has taken several initiatives to encourage the development in the sector.
The Smart City Project, where there is a plan to build 100 smart cities, is a prime opportunity for
the real estate investors.
The real estate growth witnessed in the region is a result of the aforementioned reasons and it is
poised to grow at a good pace with development initiatives taken by the Government of Puducherry
and measures adopted as part of CDP which will open more residential properties for development
along with industrial properties and IT corridors. With these proposals being adopted and
implemented by the government, it will create an exponential growth in the real estate market of
the Puducherry region. Hence based on the study of above facts, it indicates that there are 5 growth
driven factors of Indian state’s real estate. They are:
Rapid Urbanisation
Significant rise in consumerism
Policy and regulatory reforms
Surge in industrial and business activities
Increasing demand for newer avenues for entertainment, leisure and shopping
Considering the above factors, the Real estate developers aim to utilise opportunities in line of
market demand. Hence, these phenomena of possible development act as catalyst in the
development process by creating more demand for residential and commercial area in the Planning
Area. On the other hand, it gives boost to the property values and paves the way to keep the real
estate sector vibrant in Planning Area. However, while this development is progressive for human
beings, sociologist and ecologists are concerned about the fate of the agriculture land. More and
more farmers of Puducherry region are forced to sell their lands to builders as they pay lucrative
amounts for the plots. Areas which were barren or even wet lands at one point are now seeing
construction of residential or commercial buildings. Therefore, in order to bring the orderly
development and to protect the fertile agricultural land, the Government of India has come up with
“The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016”.
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The Puducherry Real Estate (Regulation and Development) (General) Rules, 2017 and The
Puducherry Real Estate (Regulation and Development) (Agreement for Sale) Rules, 2017 was
notified in the Official Gazette on 18-7-2017. Interim Real Estate Regulatory Authority has been
established and Secretary to Government (Housing) has been designated as Interim Real Estate
Authority and the Office of the Authority has been functioning in the Town & Country Planning
Department, Puducherry. District Court, Puducherry has been authorised by the Hon’ble High Court,
Madras to function as an Interim Real Estate Appellate Tribunal.
6.3.1.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE REAL ESTATE REGULATION ACT (RERA), 2016
1. The act establishes the state - level Real Estate Regulatory Authority for the regulation and
promotion of the real estate sector, under section 20;
2. The Act mandates prior registration of a project with the Real Estate Regulatory Authority
under section 3(1). It also states that prior to registration no promoter shall advertise,
market, book, sell or offer for sale, or invite persons to purchase in any manner any plot,
apartment to building in any real estate project registering the real estate project with the
Authority;
3. The Act additionally provides for the registration of real estate agents by the real Estate
Regulatory Authority under Section 34(a);
4. The Act lays down the functions and duties of promoters under section 4, and under section
5 it provides that once registration is applied for, RERA is given a time period of 30 days to
either approve upon registration, the promoter shall be provided with a log-in and password
to access the website of the authority, and shall create his web page on the website and
enter the details of proposed projects;
5. Under Section 4(2) (l) (d), it makes mandatory upon the promoters to deposit fund
amounting to 70 per cent to over the construction cost of the project in a separate bank
account to be maintained at a scheduled bank, to prohibit unaccounted money from being
pumped in and out of the sector to the detriment of the consumer.
6. The Act states, under section 4(2) (d), the project shall be developed by the promoter in
accordance with the sanctioned plans, layout plans and specifications as approved by the
competent authorities;
7. Under Section 15(1), promoter shall not transfer or assign his majority rights and liabilities
in respect of a real estate project to a third party without obtaining prior written consent
from two-third allottees;
8. Under Section 19, the Act provides for the rights and duties of allottees, like allottee shall be
entitled to know stage-wise time schedule of completion of the project, right to claim the
refund of amount paid along with interest and compensation in the manner as provided
under the Act;
9. Under Section 38(1), the Act provides for penalties and offences in case of violations of law
by the promoters, allottees and the real estate agents.
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Housing is an important economic activity besides being a necessity. As part of the construction
industry, which accounts for more than 50 per cent of the development outlays, housing has
emerged as a major sector of economy having backward and forward linkages with almost all other
sectors.
With the increasing urbanisation and rural to urban migration for employment, it becomes inevitable
to provide basic infrastructure to people. Thus, to meet this demand, Government of India is
introducing various policies like Pradhan Mantri Aavas Yojana (Housing for all), affordable housing
policies etc. For the vulnerable and weaker sections of the society, the Government is playing the
role of direct provider. A Centrally-sponsored scheme called Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
(VAMBAY) was launched with a view to ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers living
below poverty line who have inadequate shelter. The scheme has the primary objective of facilitating
the construction and upgradation of the dwelling units in the slum areas and to provide health and
enabling urban environment through community toilets under Nirman Bharat Abhiyan, a component
of the scheme. The scheme is being implemented through HUDCO.
The Pradhan Mantri Aavas Yojana is being implemented during 2015-2022 and provides central
assistance to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and other implementing agencies through States/UTs for:
In-situ Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers using land as a resource through private
participation
Credit Linked Subsidy
Affordable Housing in Partnership
Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction/enhancement
Credit linked subsidy component is being implemented as a Central Sector Scheme while other three
components as Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS). All statutory towns as per Census 2011 and
towns notified subsequently would be eligible for coverage under the Mission.
In the spirit of cooperative federalism, mission provides flexibility to the States for choosing the best
options amongst four verticals of mission to meet the demand of housing in their states. Process of
project formulation and approval in accordance with the mission Guidelines has been left to the
States so that projects can be formulated, approved and implemented faster.
Other than these interventions, various other interventions were done by the government of India.
A historical context of policy interventions towards Housing in India is described below:
The policies of urban development and housing in India have had a long journey since
independence. In early 1950s, the pressure of urban population and lack of housing along with
basic services was an issue of great concern to the Government as well as to the civil society.
It has generally been the responsibility of States to intervene towards meeting the housing
requirements of the vulnerable sections of society and to create an enabling environment for
provision of shelter to all on a sustainable basis.
As part of the First Five Year Plan (1951-56), concrete governmental initiatives began with a
focus on institution-building and housing for weaker sections of society. Government undertook
construction of houses for Government employees and industrial workers (through Industrial
Housing Scheme). The urban land was getting scarce for provision of housing especially for the
middle and low-income groups, resulting in the government enacting the Urban Land (Ceiling &
Regulation) Act, 1976. Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) was set up in
1970 to provide affordable housing and provide specialized attention to critical segments of
infrastructure development in cities and towns.
In the late 80’s and early 90’s, Government envisaged a larger role for the private sector in the
construction of housing, whereas government focused on mobilization of resources, provision
for subsidized housing for the poor and acquisition of land. The National Housing Bank (NHB)
was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), in 1988 under the
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National Housing Bank Act, 1987 to expand the base of housing finance. These were coupled
with schemes aimed at provision of housing and basic services for the urban poor.
The first National Housing Policy was announced in 1988 to eradicate houselessness and
improve the housing conditions. Thereafter a revised National Housing Policy was announced
in 1994 as a by-product of economic reforms process initiated in 1991. The goal of this policy
was to increase the supply of land and basic minimum services with a view to promote a healthy
environment. Subsequently, a Housing and Habitat Policy was unveiled in 1998 with the vision
of “shelter for all” and better quality of life to all citizens by using the potential of public, private
and household sectors. The key objective of the policy was on creating strong Public–Private
Partnership (PPP) for tackling the housing problem.
The National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP) 2007 was formulated with the goal of
`Affordable Housing for All’ with special emphasis on vulnerable sections of society such as
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, Minorities and the Urban Poor. The
spotlight was on ‘habitat development’ with a ‘Regional Planning Approach’ with the role of
Government as a ‘facilitator’ and ‘regulator.’ The NUHHP-2007 lays emphasis on earmarking of
land for EWS/LIG groups in new housing projects while retaining Governments role in social
housing so that affordable housing is made available for EWS and LIG categories either on
ownership or on rental basis.
Recently, the government of India has also come up with the Draft Model State Affordable Housing
Policy for Urban Areas in 2014. The aim of this policy is to “create an enabling environment for
providing “affordable housing for all” with special emphasis on EWS and LIG and other vulnerable
sections of society such as Scheduled castes/Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, Minorities and
senior citizens, physically challenged persons in the State and to ensure that no individual is left
shelter less. The Policy further aims to promote Public Private People Participation (PPPP) for
addressing the shortage of adequate and affordable housing.”
In order to supplement the efforts of the State Government, it is anticipated that the Government
of India support will be forthcoming in the following aspects:
Through National Policies, Programmes and Schemes and act as a facilitator in the creation of
affordable housing stock.
The Central Government will also on one hand provide for capital grants support to Affordable
Housing projects under various schemes to act as a lever to boost the supply of affordable
housing and also provide for greater channelization of credit to the urban poor to enhance their
purchasing power on the other.
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation from time to time will provide inputs to the
Ministry of Finance for providing fiscal and financial incentives to this segment.
The Government of India shall also strive to accord industry status to the real estate segment.
The Government of India shall also consider making Viability Gap Funding available for
Affordable Housing projects.
Facilitate greater flow of capital through external sources like the External Commercial
Borrowings and Foreign Direct Investment.
The Central Government will encourage development of new avenues for project financing for
Affordable Housing including that from the insurance and pension funds.
The recent initiatives of Government of India like the Credit Risk Guarantee Fund Trust and
Urban Housing Fund needs to be further promoted.
Apart from the interventions to be done by central government, state government also has to
intervene in order to achieve the central governments’ goal of providing affordable housing for all
under the Model State Affordable Housing Policy for Urban Areas.
State interventions and specific actions points under Draft Model State Affordable Housing Policy for
Urban Areas:
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Since the Constitution of India envisages provision of Housing as the primary responsibility of the
State Government, major initiatives are proposed to be taken by the State as part of the vision of
the Government to provide affordable housing for all residents. Few interventions are listed below:
At least 15% of the total project Floor Area Ratio (FAR)/Floor Space Index (FSI) or 35% of the
total number of dwelling units, whichever is higher, will be reserved for EWS category.
The State Government including that of its agencies such as the Urban Development Authorities,
Housing Boards, other parastatal agencies and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) will, as far as possible,
provide land for affordable housing projects.
Subject to any Central Law, a people friendly land acquisition policy for the State will be created
for undertaking affordable housing projects.
Various models for assembling land will be encouraged in both Government and Private sectors
by offering trunk infrastructure facilities and transportation linkages to such site.
The policy aims to create an inventory of land holdings in cities to constitute a land bank and
prepare an asset management plan for better management of the available land and targeting
its supply to create affordable housing dwelling units. The State shall compile and maintain the
inventory.
The State will also develop innovative ways for capturing the value of land by way of developing
infrastructure and regional connectivity.
The State shall notify a policy on property rights to slum dwellers to provide title to the land and
a non-eviction policy for residents of slums with over 5 years of documented stay in a particular
location.
Mortgageable leasehold property rights and land titles for the EWS and LIG categories shall be
facilitated by the Revenue Department and the ULBs.
Infrastructure services including water supply, sanitation, health, education facilities to existing
housing colonies where there is absence of such facilities will be ensured.
Special dispensation to the socially vulnerable sections like senior citizens, women, students,
physically challenged, SC/ST/OBC and Minorities, etc. of the State shall be made.
In situ Slum upgradation of slums and allied infrastructure will be taken up by tying up various
schemes of Central and State Government.
The agencies responsible for various works to be implemented in Puducherry under majority of the
central government’s initiative are Town and Country Planning Department, Housing Board or Slum
Board etc..
In puducherry region, due to pressure in the urban areas, rampant development has taken place.
Therefore, in order to have a streamlined growth in the coming future, Puducherry will require a
Housing policy for the Puducherry regions. Various Indian states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Maharashtra, Karnataka etc. have introduced housing policy in order to have ordered development
in the state. Thus, Puducherry Government shall also come up with a detailed Housing Policy for
Puducherry Union Territory. This policy should focus on various issues being faced by regions in
terms of Housing.
It is noticed that a large number of unapproved layouts and sub-divisions have been developed in
the Puducherry regions without adequate infrastructure and public civic amenities and most of the
plots in such layouts and sub-divisions have been purchased by ignorant people and there is no way
to convert these layouts and sub-divisions or plots back to their original land use;
It is expedient to regularise the plots in such unapproved layouts or sub-divisions, so as to protect
the interests of ignorant purchasers and to mobilise financial resources in order to provide basic
infrastructure facilities in areas where such unapproved layouts have come up.
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Regularization of unapproved layouts will enable the purchasers to avail institutional finances to
build houses at affordable interest rates and to improve their security of tenure and thereby their
quality of life.
It is also observed that regularisation of sold out plots alone without considering the layout or sub-
division as a whole will result in discontiguous pockets of development, causing enormous difficulties
to the Local Bodies to provide services to the regularised plots in isolation and therefore, it is
considered necessary to regularise these unapproved layouts and sub-divisions in their entirety by
insisting to widen the roads, improve circulation, reserve areas for open space and public purpose
to the extent feasible in each layout.
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 70 of the Puducherry Town and Country planning
Act, 1969, in respect of compounding of offences, the following order is issued to regularise the
unapproved layouts and unapproved sub-division, where any or all plots are sold and registered on
or before 30th January, 2017 and situated outside the Comprehensive Development Plan areas in
Puducherry regions.
Effect of regularization – Plots regularised under this scheme shall be deemed to be regularised for
residential use.
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Housing shortage is calculated by subtracting the total number of households to number of housing
stock (No of residential units). The table 6-6 indicates the approximate number of houseless
population of Puducherry Planning Area. Taluk wise population is given with urban-rural breakup,
Puducherry Planning Area have a houseless population of around 28000 which is 2.98% of total
population. During the existing land use - 2015 survey, it was observed that the ratio of population
dwelling on the pavement is very low in the planning area as compared to other major cities in India.
In metro cities, these population accounts to a sizable ratio.
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6.6 SLUMS
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit
for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of
such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation
facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.
According to Census, slums are categorized into notified and identified slums. The high rate of
growth of urban population and its accumulative nature with a population has led to increasing
problem of housing, reducing privacy and overcrowding in small house, steady growth of slums and
unplanned settlements and severe effect on civic services in urban areas in the system.
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Table 6-7 Details of Slums and their population at various regions in Puducherry Union Territory
Notified Identified Total No. of
S. No. Region Population
Slums Slums Slums
1. Puducherry 81 101 182 81,463
2. Karaikal 45 44 89 26,890
3. Mahe 0 9 9 4,059
4. Yanam 0 22 22 31,250
5. Total 126 176 302 1,43,662
Source: Census 2011
Puducherry Slum Clearance Board has identified total 302 slums within the Puducherry Union
Territory. Table 6-7 illustrates the details of slums within the Union Territory. There are around 126
notified slums and 176 identified slums. Highest number of slums are observed in Puducherry region
with a total of 182 slums out of which 81 are notified and 101 are identified which accommodates
around 81,463 population. The lowest number of slums are observed in Mahe Region with 9
identified slums which accommodates around 4059 population. The table 6-7 further indicates that
around 8.57% of total population of Puducherry Planning Area are living in slums. Thus, CDP-2036
should focus on housing development in EWS & LIG to make sure that adequate housing options
are available for population of all social & economic sections. It is also observed that Puducherry
region has got 42% of notified slums and 58% of Identified slums in the overall system.
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Figure 6.9 Location map showing the notified slums with Puducherry Planning area.
6.7.1.2 Identified slums:
As per Census of India identified slum is defined as “A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually
with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities”. Such
areas should be identified personally by the Charge Officer and also inspected by an officer
nominated by Directorate of Census Operations. This fact must be duly recorded in the charge
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register. Such areas may be considered as Identified slums. These ‘identified slums’ are not eligible
for any ‘legal protection and municipal services. The identified slums are further classified based on
tenability conditions. Such that the notified slums and identified slums are classified as Semi tenable,
tenable and Untenable. The Puducherry planning area have more number of Identified slums than
notified slums. The table 6-9 represents the list of identified slums.
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Table 6-9 List of Identified Slums
IDENTIFIED SLUMS
S. No Name Tenability Area (Sq
km)
1 Mettupalayam Semi Tenable 0.012358
2 Vadukkupet Mariyamman Koil St Semi Tenable 0.003762
3 Vanjinathan Nagar Semi Tenable 0.004313
4 Maduvupet Semi Tenable 0.013117
5 Neruppukuzhi Semi Tenable 0.006958
6 Pudhupettai (Samathikuttai) Semi Tenable 0.010507
7 Solai Nagar Semi Tenable 0.119155
8 Ambethkar nagar at Ariyankuppam Semi Tenable 0.005498
9 Thakkakuttai (Villiyanur) Semi Tenable 0.017466
10 Annai Indira Nagar Semi Tenable 0.009489
11 Rodiar Pet Semi Tenable 0.022651
12 Velrampet Main Road Semi Tenable 0.011184
13 Vaithikuppam (Rajbhavan) Semi Tenable 0.052012
14 Velan Nagar (Velanthoppu) Semi Tenable 0.014387
15 Lenin Nagar (S.P. Thottam) Semi Tenable 0.017292
16 Depasan Pet Semi Tenable 0.007573
17 TV Nagar Semi Tenable 0.053016
18 Karuvadikuppam Ediyanchavadi Semi Tenable 0.007678
19 Thattachavady (Madhakovil Street) Tenable 0.005025
20 Chettikulam Kombakkam Tenable 0.005735
21 Palkaran street Thengathittu Tenable 0.01079
22 Murungapakkampet , Ariyakuppam Tenable 0.039969
23 Poornankuppam Veethi , Ariyankuppam Tenable 0.011445
24 Kabsin St, Ariyankuppam Tenable 0.004144
25 Sokkanathanpet Harijan Colony Tenable 0.00942
26 Dobikhanna Tenable 0.023563
27 Kurunji Nagar Tenable 0.019287
28 Thirumoolar Nagar Tenable 0.00302
29 Nainarmandapam Tenable 0.007511
30 Ambedkar nagar (attupatti) Tenable 0.006755
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Figure 6.10 Map showing the different types of slums with tenability index
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from that, upgradation of slum areas by extending basic amenities viz., roads, water supply,
sewerage, education, health, electricity, social infrastructure are also undertaken.
Table 6-10 List of Slum Up gradation Programme, Puducherry Region
Sl. No. Name of place No. of flats
1 Kuruchikuppam 216
2 Kann Doctor Thottam 384
3 Kumaragurupallam 224
4 Sakkilipalayam 120
5 Boomianpet 516
6 Odiampet 60
7 Mottaithoppu 40
Total 1560
Source: Website of Town and Country Planning Department, Puducherry as on April 2017
6.7.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT IN URBAN SLUMS
Under Urban Development sector, the slum clearance board undertakes the Environmental
Improvement in urban slums which aims to improve the environmental conditions in the existing
slums by extending physical infrastructure services like roads, drains, toilet blocks, water supply etc.
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2 Vazhakulam 96
3 Solai Nagar 150
4 Nettapakkam 82
5 Shanmughapuram 169
6 Lawspet 912
7 Kurumbapet 566
8 Thiyagumudaliyar Nagar 688
9 Jawahar Nagar 792
10 Viduthalai Nagar 520
13 P.K. Salai 149
14 Lawsthottam 16
Total 4152
Source: Website of Town and Country Planning Department, Puducherry
2 Villianur 78
3 Thavalakuppam 107
4 Moolakulam 45
5 Lawsthottam 183
6 Villianur 46
7 Ariankuppam 48
Total 524
Source: Website of Town and Country Planning Department, Puducherry
The other pipeline projects by Puducherry Housing board are 32 MIG flats at Murungapakkam
and 64 LIG and 40 HIG Flats at Suthanthira Pon Vizha Nagar.
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Society
21 Pondicherry Govt. Officials Co-operative Housing 2 186
Society
22 Pondicherry University Faculty Co-operative Housing 1 22
Society
23 Pondicherry Labour Dept. Empl. Co-operative Housing 1 28
Society
24 Pondicherry Coop. Sugar Mills Empl. Co-operative 1 22
Housing Society
25 Pondicherry Telecom Empl. Co-operative Housing 1 60
Society
26 Pondicherry AIR & TV Staff Co-operative Housing 1 30
Society
27 Jawahar Coop. Housing Society Ltd 2 407
Total 57 4667
Source: Website of Co-operative Department, Govt. of Puducherry
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Table 6-15 List of Allotments by Adi-Dravidar Welfare Department
1. Congestion factors
2. Obsolescence factors
3. Non-Durability
4. Present housing shortage
5. Calculation of housing shortage for 2036 for the projected population
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Panchayats according to the census 2011. It is observed that the planning area shows a uniform
congestion factor for all the Municipalities/communes in Puducherry region for the year 2011.
Table 6-16 Congestion Factor of Puducherry Planning Area, 2011
Total
No exclusive
Municipalities / Population Congestio
room for HH -
S. No Commune Census n factor -
marriage couples 2011
Panchayats 2011 2011
- 2011
Puducherry
1. 2,44,377 2,744 60,638 0.05
Municipality
2. Oulgaret Municiaplity 3,00,104 3,291 74,133 0.04
Ariyankuppam
3. 72,055 809 17,646 0.05
Commune Panchayat
Villianur Commune
4. 1,26,778 1,343 30,139 0.04
Panchayat
Mannadipet
5. 86,500 916 20,245 0.05
Commune Panchayat
Bahour Commune
6. 68,757 740 16,274 0.05
Panchayat
Nettapakkam
7. 51,718 556 12,438 0.04
Commune Panchayat
Total 9,50,289 10,399 2,31,513 0.04
Source: Compiled based on the Census 2011
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0.12
0.11
0.1 0.1
0.08 0.08
0.06 0.06 0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0
Oulgaret Puducherry Ariyankuappam Villianur Mannadipet Bahour Nettapakkam
Municipality Municipality Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune
Panchayat Panchayat Panchayat Panchayat Panchayat
6.7.7.3 NON-DURABILITY
Non-durability is the no. of temporary houses which are not suitable for living or Non-serviceable
units are taken out. Temporary/ kutcha houses are those in which both the walls and roof are made
of materials that need to be replaced frequently. As per the census definition, temporary houses are
made with walls and roofs made of temporary material. Walls can be made of grass, thatch, bamboo,
plastic, polythene, mud, unburnt bricks or wood. Roofs can be made of grass, thatch, bamboo,
wood, mud, plastic or polythene. Hence the non-durability of housing is the difference between the
number of housing stock to the number of permanent houses. The table 6-18 represents the details
of permanent, semi-permanent house and temporary house within the Puducherry region.
Table 6-18 Non-durability of Housing in Puducherry Planning Area,2011
S. No Municipalities / No of
Semi-
Commune Permanent Temporary housing
Permanent
Panchayats stock
1 Puducherry Municipality 51558 4090 4541 55648
2 Oulgaret Municipality 65705 3127 3852 68832
3 Ariyankuppam CP 15202 1206 1339 16408
4 Villianur CP 19736 3829 6153 23565
5 Mannadipet CP 13465 2613 4198 16078
6 Bahour CP 9977 2504 3864 12481
7 Nettapakkam CP 7504 1884 2906 9388
8 Total 183147 19253 26853 202400
Source: Census 2011
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100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Puducherry Oulgaret Ariyankuppam Villianur CP Mannadipet CP Bahour CP Nettapakkam
Municipality Municiaplity CP CP
The figure 6.12 indicates that the percentage of permanent housing is more in urban area
(Puducherry and Oulgaret Municipality). It is also observed that the semi-permanent and temporary
houses are more in Villianur and least in Ariyankuppam Commune. This phenomenon reveals that
Villianur is rapidly urbanizing which demands more number of housing stock is the future.
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Table 6-20 Housing Demand for Puducherry Planning Area, 2036
S. Housing shortage Housing Housing Total
No. Shortage - Shortage - Shortage
Urban Rural - PPA
Housing Shortage
1,00,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
No of households not No of temporary Shortage due to Shortage due to Additional housing
having houses in 2011 houses in 2011 (No of congestion in 2011 obsolescence in 2011 shortage arising
(Homeless population Non-durable houses) between 2011 to
in 2011) 2036
Figure 6.13 Housing Shortage & Demand for Puducherry Planning Area, 2036
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Nettapakkam CP
Bahour CP
Mannadipet CP
Villianur CP
Ariyankuppam CP
Oulgaret Municiaplity
Puducherry Municipality
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Table 6-21 Total Housing shortage for Puducherry Planning area – 2036
Congest
ion
No. Project Housing
factor
of Shortag Obsolesce ed requirem Total
No. of - % of
Municipali Housi non- e due to nce factor Shoratge Project increas ent for Housing
No. of Housi No. of No of
ties / Total ng dura congest - % of No due to ed e in the demand -
S.N Househ ng Perman HH with
Commune Populat Gap - ble ion of HH Obsolesce Populat populat increase 2036
o. olds - stock ent no
Panchaya ion Facto hous factor - with 50 & nce factor ion for ion in (Factor
2011 - House exclusiv
ts r1 es - Factor 80 years - Factor 4 2036 from populati 1+2+3+4
2011 e rooms
Facto 3 and more 2011 to on - +5)
for
r2 2036 Factor 5
married
couple
Puducherr
y
1 244377 60638 55648 4990 51558 9080 0.05 2744 0.03 1520 419172 174795 41618 59952
Municipalit
y
Oulgaret
2 Municipalit 300104 74133 68832 5301 65705 8428 0.04 3291 0.05 3660 514759 214655 51108 71788
y
Ariyankup
3 72055 17646 16408 1238 15202 2444 0.05 809 0.06 1020 123594 51539 12271 17782
pam CP
Villianur 1040
4 126778 30139 23565 6574 19736 0.04 1343 0.10 3080 217458 90680 21590 42990
CP 3
Mannadip
5 86500 20245 16078 4167 13465 6780 0.05 916 0.06 1160 148371 61871 14731 27754
et CP
6 Bahour CP 68757 16274 12481 3793 9977 6297 0.05 740 0.11 1840 117937 49180 11710 24380
Nettapakk
7 51718 12438 9388 3050 7504 4934 0.04 556 0.08 960 88710 36992 8808 18308
am CP
20240 4836 163000
PPA 950289 231513 29113 183147 0.04 10399 0.06 13240 679712 161836 262954
0 6 0
Source: Compiled by Consultant
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Table 6-23 List of Revenue Survey Numbers identified for affordable housing
S. No. SURVEY NO VILLAGE NAME COMMUNE NAME
1 108/11 Kunitchampet Mannadipet Commune
2 21/1A(PART) Mannadipet Mannadipet Commune
3 179/12 Mannadipet Mannadipet Commune
4 75/5 Madagadipet Mannadipet Commune
5 37/1 Sorapet Mannadipet Commune
6 18/17(PART) Sellipet Mannadipet Commune
7 28/4 Sellipet Mannadipet Commune
8 48/5 Thirukanchi Villianur Commune
9 95/13 Sathamangalam Villianur Commune
10 125/3 Kizhur Villianur Commune
11 17/10 Manakuppam Villianur Commune
12 23/10 (PART) Manakuppam Villianur Commune
13 44/1 Nettapakkam Nettapakkam Commune
14 145/1 (PART) Pandashozhanoor Nettapakkam Commune
15 80/1(PART) Manamedu Nettapakkam Commune
16 68/8 (PART) Manamedu Nettapakkam Commune
17 68/5 (PART) Manamedu Nettapakkam Commune
18 103/2 Thavalakuppam Ariankuppam Commune
19 139/4 (PART) Pooranankuppam Ariankuppam Commune
20 181/1 (PART) Pillayarkuppam Bahour Commune
21 174/1 Pillayarkuppam Bahour Commune
22 31 / 2,3,4,5,6, Kirumampakkam Bahour Commune
23 32/1, 2A, 2B, 2C, Kirumampakkam Bahour Commune
24 186/1 (TS No 18), Ward B,
Puducherry Puducherry Municipality
Block 7 Chinnayapuram
25 241/1, TS No 31/1, Ward
C, Block 1 - Puducherry Puducherry Municipality
Kumaragurupalayam
Implementation strategy of affordable housing detailed in the chapter 13 of this report.
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through the CDP-2036 to promote affordable housing by earmarking land for residential projects for
economically weaker sections of the planning area. Through CDP-2036 the authority has identified
the new conurbation for 2036 which forms a continuous development with residential as a major
land use to address the major housing requirements of the planning area. This also enables the
merger of unplanned development taken place during the last few decades into main urban
development of the planning area with proper circulation network and basic infrastructure.
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7 INFRASTRUCTURE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Infrastructure is the key determinant to promote comfortable living environment to the community
which decide the functions towards their socio-economic development of the city. Provision of
adequate physical and social infrastructure facilities are very much essential to achieve sustainable
development. Physical and social Infrastructure is the basic requirement which decides the quality
of urban and rural life & overall productivity of the people. The adequacy and accessibility of
infrastructure facilities are two important factors which affect the quality of life which needs to be
addressed for any Planned Development. This chapter deals with the analysis of existing conditions
of physical infrastructure such as Water Supply, Sewerage System, Solid Waste Management and
Power as well as social infrastructure viz., Health and Educational facilities. Based on the analysis
and clear understanding of existing scenario, forecasted the physical and social infrastructure for
the projected year 2036. Therefore, it is inevitable requirement to assess the existing infrastructure
condition to understand the level of infrastructure services in the system. In general, there are three
kinds of infrastructure in the system, they are: Physical, Social and Economic infrastructures
respectively.
7.2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
In order to understand the existing scenario of physical infrastructure in the planning area, the
consultant has conducted series of discussions and meetings with the PWD and respective commune
panchayats. Various data regarding details about water supply viz. Amount of water supply, Hours
of Supply, number of bore wells, details of sewerage system viz. capacity of STPs, sewerage network,
and details of drainage etc. have been procured from Public Health Division of PWD, Puducherry.
Data about the same has been procured from municipalities and commune panchayats in the
Puducherry Region.
Puducherry Planning Area has the population of 9.5 lacs (Census, 2011) and the population is
projected to increase up to 16.3 lacs for the projected year 2036. Moreover, approximately 2294
tourist visit Puducherry each day (Department of Tourism, 2013) and it is projected that by year
2036, nearly 4300 tourists will visit Puducherry each day. Therefore, in order to meet the future
demand, calculation of the same for various sectors is necessary and the same is dealt with in this
chapter.
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near to the coastal areas are facing the problem of salinity intrusion. Hence there is an urgent
requirement of identifying alternative surface water source for the need of the future population.
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
The water supply system covering the urban area is presented in figure 7.2 which indicates the
villages covered by PWD for water supply in Puducherry are, Pudupalayam, Olandai, Thengathittu,
Kombakkam, Murungapakkam, Ariyankuppam, Saram, Karuvadikuppam, Thattanchavady,
Kombakkam, Murungapakkam, Ariyankuppam, Saram, Karuvadikuppam, Thattanchavady,
Reddiarpalayam, Oulgaret, Odiampet, Villianur, Part of Kurumbapet, part of Ossudu and part of
Manavely. The area covering these villages are divided in to 18 zones. These zones are Puducherry
Town, Muthialpet, Nellithope, Mudaliarpet, Lawspet, Thattanchavady, Muthirapalayam, Moolakulam,
Reddiarpalayam, Sudhana Nagar, Kombakkam-Ottampalayam, Villianur, Uthiravaginipet-Kanuvapet,
Ariankuppam, Velrampet, Sulthanpet, Villianur Manaveli-Thattanchavady and Periakalapet-
Alankuppam.
3. The improvement in the water supply system shall be done while keeping in view the future
population growth for the projected year of 2048.
4. Reduction in the O&M cost in order to achieve an affordable tariff for water supply so as to
improve the service level and to increase the coverage area of water supply.
5. To provide AMR (Automatic meter reading) water meters to the HHs which are connected.
6. To provide SCADA systems in the proposed source augmentation area.
7. To provide 3 Nos of R.O. plants with a capacity of 5 MLD each at community level.
8. To provide a Water Treatment Plant of 5 MLD at Thirukanchi.
9. To provide 50 MLD desalination plant in the second phase.
This study intends to achieve a long-term vision in different aspects of the water supply, and they
are:
Meeting the water supply demand for the projected year 2048 with required number of ESRs
and distribution network.
Eliminating all the stand posts
Providing water supply connection to the urban poor.
Automation and modernisation of water supply system
Obtaining 100% recovery of user charges
Computerising the collection and billing system for water supply
To improve the quality of drinking water to high standards
Capacity building to cop up with increase in tariff
For this study, the population projection from geometric progression method has been considered
in order to calculate the future demand.
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The total demand for the projected year considering the fire demand and unaccounted water loss (15%) is given in the table 7-2.:
Table 7-2 Water Demand for as per Augmentation of Water Supply Source & Rehabilitation System in Urban Areas in Puducherry by PWD
S. No Populatio Amoun Total Populati Amoun Total Populatio Amoun Total Populatio Amoun Total
n t of demand on t of demand n t of demand n t of deman
Water in MLD Water in MLD Water in MLD Water d in
supply supply supply supply MLD
(lpcd) (lpcd) (lpcd) (lpcd)
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existing supply. Hence total supply of water would be 218.28 MLD (90 MLD+128.28 MLD). Hence
till 2036 there would be a gap of 41.37 MLD.
Desalination Plant will be proposed to meet the gap of water demand of 41.37 MLD. Around 15 Ha.
of land will be required for the Desalination plant. The project cost will be approximately 320 cr. It
is proposed in Pillayarkuppam Village (Survey No. 172, 186, 188/1) in Bahour Commune near Bay
of Bengal. The adequate land is available in Pillayarkuppam village.
For areas outside conurbation, respective Commune Panchayats will have to arrange for the water
supply without hampering the environment. It came out during the discussion held with State Ground
Water Unit and Soil Conservation Department that the construction of new borewells should not be
allowed up to 6 kms from the coastal line to avoid the sea water intrusion.
Rainwater Harvesting
Rain water harvesting must be made mandatory in newly developed houses to increase ground
water potentials.
Check Dams
Feasibility of Check Dams in rural areas (outside conurbation area) to support irrigation needs
and as source of drinking water has to be checked. It is recommended to construct Check
Dams on Gingee river.
Desilting of Tanks
The water tanks located outside conurbation area are recommended to undergo desilting
process. This will increase the capacity of the tanks and ultimately lead to better ground water
recharge.
Ground Water Recharging
As agricultural land is being converted to urban use, identifying sites for additional
groundwater recharge is essential to keep water supplies balanced. The existing village tanks
which are normally silted and damaged can be modified to serve as recharge structure. The
village tanks can be converted into recharge structure. Several such tanks are available which
can be modified for enhancing ground water. Construction of Percolation well is also an option
for ground water recharge.
Recycling of Grey Water
Recycling of Grey Water is proposed for Car wash, landscaping, industrial cooling, flushing etc.
recycling of Grey Water should be promoted.
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Figure 7.4 Map showing extent of existing Sewerage System and proposed Sewerage System by PWD
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Figure 7.5 Map showing extent of 9 zones proposed by PWD for Sewerage System
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The details about existing as well as on going sewage treatment plant is shown in the table below:
Table 7-7 Details of Existing & Proposed Sewage Treatment Plants
As mentioned above STP of total 17.5 MLD is already existing in Lawspet and Dubrayapet. The 3
STPs are under construction at Lawspet, Dubrayapet and Kanaganeri with the capacity of 17 MLD
each. Total 64 MLD of STPs are proposed at Villianur, Ariankuppam, Kalapet, Sudhana Nagar and
Krishna Nagar. The total capacity of STP in the planning area will be 132.5 MLD. Rest of the demand
will be fulfilled with DEWATS (Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems) mentioned below.
There should be no outfall of any sewerage in raw form in water body without treatment. The outfall
from STP should comply with the standards for sewage disposal thereby minimizing environmental
risks due to contamination. Use of recycled water should be proposed for recharging lakes and water
bodies.
Separate arrangement to be provided for sewer and storm water to avoid mixing of the two. Hence
existing drains will be covered and dedicatedly shall be used for storm water drainage.
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Low on maintenance
This system aims at using local materials in design while following rigorous technical norms. It tries
to be as low in energy intensity as possible and, in favourable circumstances, the whole treatment
process of wastewater can be completely gravity driven without any energy requirement at all. Power
cuts, load shedding or even accidental switching off of motors/ pumps do not hamper the functioning
of the treatment plant. The quantum of waste water which can be handled by DEWATS systems can
be as low as 100 liters (1 cu m) to as high as 1,000 cu. m. can be handled. The system requires
very little or no maintenance, but the performance needs to be monitored regularly.
A typical system for a domestic household consists of a primary treatment system consisting of a
settling and floating tank, a secondary treatment system of an up-flow type baffled reactor which
digests wastewater anaerobically, a tertiary treatment in sub-surface horizontal flow sand filters with
reed beds, and, finally, a polishing pond for oxygenation and UV disinfection from the sun’s rays.
Effective
The treatment of wastewater is highly effective and consistently meets pollution norms. Since the
baffled reactors work very well, there is complete digestion of solids and usually there are no
emptying or cleaning requirements unlike a septic tank. The quality of treated wastewater that
emerges into the polishing pond is good enough for landscape applications. The reed bed system in
the filter part can be a very good landscape feature with plants like canna offering a colorful and
verdant look.
The DEWATS approach reports an 80- 85% reduction in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% reduction in phosphates and 60% reduction in ammonia
from the input wastewater.
To meet the gap of STP capacity of 44.24 MLD, DEWATS system is proposed. The proposed locations
for DEWATS systems are mentioned below:
Villianur Commune: in Thirukanchi village, southern side of the Gingee river (5 MLD)
Villianur Commune: in Koodapakkam Village, northern side of Gingee river near Railway
Line (5 MLD)
Bahour Commune: in Parikkalpattu village, northern side of Penniyar River (10 MLD)
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The source of solid waste generation is given in Table 7-10 Among the various sources,
residential area is the major generator of waste.
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4
It is assumed as per URDPFI Guidelines 2015. In Residential areas, it is mentioned 0.3 to 0.6
kg/cap/day for waste generation in URDPFI Guidelines 2015
5
As per URDPFI Guidelines 2015, 6 Ha of land is required for composting 500 TPD of solid waste. Based on
triangulation method, the land required for composting 877.16 MT of solid waste, disposal site area is
calculated.
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yet cost effective. The system should synchronize with the system of waste storage depot and should
be easily maintainable.
7.2.4.6.1.5Disposal of Waste
Waste after treatment must be disposed in a manner that does not create any instance of
environmental pollution and public nuisance. The MSW Rule 2000 defines waste disposal as an
activity, which involves “final disposal of municipal solid wastes in terms of the specified measures
to prevent contamination of ground‐water, surface water and ambient air quality”.
The landfill design shall be aimed to minimize the following:
The ingress of water into the landfill,
The production of leachate, its subsequent outflow and uncontrolled dispersions into surrounding
aquatic environment,
The accumulation, migration and uncontrolled release of landfill gas into the atmosphere.
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7.2.4.6.3.2Collection Method
As mentioned above in Primary Collection of Waste, it is proposed collection through community
bins and lane‐wise collection of waste.
7.2.4.6.3.3Adoption of Latest technology in optimization of collection routes
One of the method for the optimization of the waste collection system is based on GIS technology.
To adopt this method of optimization of solid waste, steps mentioned below should be followed:
Analyse the existing status of waste collection bins with their locations.
Analyse the existing status of collection routes
Optimise the collection routes in terms of minimum time and distance taken using network
analyst
Reallocating of the waste collection bins through field survey as well as rescheduling waste
collection routes via routing optimisation
7.2.4.6.3.4Dumping sites, land fill or compost plants
Presently the municipal waste is being dumped at Kurumbapet dumping site since 2010. Government
of Puducherry has acquired 23.88 acres (9.66 Ha.) of land from Oulgaret Municipality in Kurumbapet
village (R.S. Nos: 58/1B/2, 60/1, 61/2, 61/3, 62/1, 62/2A, 62/2B, 62/2C, 62/4, 62/5 & 62/6) for
setting up Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Landfill facility (Source: Detailed Project Report (DPR)
for municipal solid waste disposal through incineration process prepared by Department of Science,
Technology & Environment, Puducherry in November 2014). As mentioned above the solid waste
generation by 2036 will be 619.66 MT, 7.43 Ha. of land will be required for composting site. As per
the DPR prepared for Municipal solid waste disposal, 68% of solid waste is being generated from
Residential areas, followed by commercial areas, Restaurants/Hotels/Marriage Halls, Market and
Hospitals. Out of these areas 29% of the waste is of vegetables and fruits, 24.3% of food waste,
8.23% of leaves waste which can be recyclable (61.53%).
7.2.5 ELECTRICITY
7.2.5.1 POWER GRID OF PUDUCHERRY PLANNING AREA
The present power demand of the Union Territory including that of the four regions of Puducherry,
Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam is 465 MW (Source: http://electricity.puducherry.gov.in/power/pondy.htm) during
peak period. There is no power generation in the Union Territory except that a 32.5 MW Gas based
Power Plant operated by the Pondicherry Power Corporation Limited. The demand is normally being
met from the power allocation from Central Generating Stations (CGS), drawal of power from
neighbouring state Electricity Boards and the Gas Power Plant of Pondicherry Power Corporation
Limited. At present there is no shortage in meeting the requirements of the present demand in any
of the four regions. Figure beside shows the existing Electrical Grid of Puducherry planning Area.
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As per the population 2011 for Puducherry Planning Area, the Power Demand is 260.99 MW
considering 2.74 kwh per capita per day. The Power Supply as per Electricity Department in
Puducherry region is 357.89 MW (as on 11th July 2016) (Maximum peak attained)(Source:
http://electricity.puducherry.gov.in/power/Sub-station%20load_Pdy.pdf). At present there is no
shortage in meeting the requirements of the present demand in Planning Area.
The Power Requirement for Puducherry Planning Area in 2036 will be 395.09 MW. The present
capacity of installed sub-stations in Planning Area are 416 MW which is more than the requirement
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till 2036. Even if the possibility of use renewable energy is to be explored and promoted. The
strategies are proposed below:
There are various other sources, such as Wind energy and solar energy for generating power
which is required to be explored.
Additional solar energy to be sold to public grid/ electricity authority.
Sector-wise power demand needs should be worked out which will be helpful in proper
planning & estimating future power requirement.
The increasing power demand of the UT of Puducherry would be met if the already confirmed
allocation of power to tune of 67 MW from on-going Kudankulam Atomic Power Station (Draft
Annual Plan 2014-15).
SMART GRID - The Government of India, Ministry of Power has taken up the process of
establishment of SMART GRIDS in India with an objective of achieving most efficient
management of Distribution system and to deliver best possible service to consumers. For
this purpose, MOP has set up INDIA SMART GRID TASK FORCE (ISGTF) and INDIA SMART
GRID FORUM (ISGF) to advice on issues related to implementation of SMART GRID projects.
Incorporation of Renewal Power Obligations (RPO) in building byelaws (applicable to major
building projects >20,000 sq.ft.)
Tax concession on material and appliances procured for renewable energy products.
S. Description
Number
No.
1. Pre-Primary Schools 404
2. Primary Schools 182
3. Middle School 59
4. High School 133
5. Higher Secondary School 115
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Puducherry
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Figure 7.8 Primary and Higher Secondary school in the Puducherry Planning area
S. Description
Number
No.
1. University 1
2. Art/Science/Commerce Colleges 13
3. Professional Institutes (Below Degree level) 52
4. Professional Colleges (Degree level/Above) 36
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Puducherry
There are 1 University, 13 Art/ Science/ Commerce Colleges, 52 Professional Institutes (Below
Degree level) and 36 Professional Colleges (Degree level/Above) in the Puducherry Planning Area.
The prominent institutes in the Puducherry Planning Area are illustrated in the table 75 and the
figure 7.9 shows the spatial distribution of the educational facilities in the Planning area.
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Figure 7.9 Spatial Distribution of Educational Facilities in the Puducherry Planning Area
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3. PUDUCHERRY ENGINEERING
COLLEGE (PEC)
It is observed that major educational facilities are concentrated in the two Municipal Areas of
Puducherry and Oulgaret. Primary educational facilities are almost evenly distributed throughout the
Planning Area. Also, it can be seen that all the Educational Facilities are situated in close proximity
to the Residential Areas.
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There should be constant review of the educational requirements of the planning area based
on the latest census data and as per the guidelines adopted by the Educational department.
The distribution of schools should be in such a way that the spatial distribution standards
mentioned in URDPFI guidelines is satisfied.
Government schemes should be formulated in such a manner to promote higher enrolment
especially in the case of a girl child and reduction in school drop-out rate.
Educational department recruitment process should be tightened to make sure only highly
skilled teachers are recruited and there should be periodical review of the skill sets of the
teachers already recruited.
Puducherry already have a good number of technical educational institutes and it attracts a
large student population from surrounding states, considering this the Education Department
should assess the feasibility of having Research institutes in emerging scientific and
technological fields and business schools.
Central Government Skill development mission should be utilized to create a large pool of
skilled man power in automotive, mechanical and electrical field. This will in turn attract
investors to establish their manufacturing plants within the planning area to tap into the
skilled man power along with industrial promotion measures already in place in the planning
area.
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Table 7-19 Existing Health Facilities
The map shows the 300m and 800m serving buffer for the health facilities which are already existing
in the planning area. It can be observed from the map that Healthcare Facilities are almost evenly
distributed in the Planning Area. In the Commune Panchayats Villianur and Bahour, Health Facilities
are sparsely distributed and some of the residential areas in these Commune Panchayats are
deprived of such facilities. The village wise health facilities are shown in the chapter 12.4.
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Existing Scenario Desired Short Term Medium Long Term LAND REQUIREMENT AS PER FUTURE NEED
Level as Term
per Area Short Term Medium Term Long
URDPFI Requiremen Term
guidelin t (Ha)
es
S. Particul Indica Unit Curren Curre Dema G Deman G Deman Ga Ga Total Ga Total Ga Total
No ar tor t Level nt nd ap d a d p p Area p Area p Area
(2015) Gap p Require Require Require
ment ment ment
(Ha) (Ha) (Ha)
6 Nursing 25 to Numb 2 21 45000 25 23 29 5 36 7 0.30 23 6.88 5 1.37 7 2.02
Homes 30 er
beds
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Existing Scenario Desired Short Term Medium Long Term LAND REQUIREMENT AS PER FUTURE NEED
Level as Term
per Area Short Term Medium Term Long
URDPFI Requiremen Term
guidelin t (Ha)
es
S. Particul Indica Unit Curren Curre Dema G Deman G Deman Ga Ga Total Ga Total Ga Total
No ar tor t Level nt nd ap d a d p p Area p Area p Area
(2015) Gap p Require Require Require
ment ment ment
(Ha) (Ha) (Ha)
and
animals
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Based on the URDPFI Guidelines 2015, the demand of health facilities in 2036 for Puducherry
Planning Area is worked out. There will a need of 13 general hospitals, 109 dispensaries and 3
vetenary hospitals for pets and animals till 2036. This shall be spatially distributed in the planning
area. Based on the area requirement for each unit, land requirement for the above-mentioned health
facilities is worked out. There will be a need of 20.23 Ha. of land for the above-mentioned health
facilities.
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Figure 7.10 Spatial Distribution of Healthcare facilities in the Puducherry Planning Area
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8.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Historically, India has attracted various traders from the European countries such as Portugal,
France, Dutch, England etc. to establish business alliances and subsequently establish their colonies.
Unarguably, colonization has resulted in several cultural exchanges in the subcontinent. Its imprints
are still left unharmed in many cities of India in different forms such as architecture, music, literature
etc.
Puducherry is one among the Indian cities where French established their colonies. The city still
houses a settlement laid out in Grid Iron pattern called Boulevard Town and it attracts a considerable
number of tourists every year from within and outside India. Puducherry region contains 21 state
government notified heritage buildings in Boulevard Town and 5 ASI protected monuments in
Puducherry including 4 temples and one early historic site. Also, it is famous as a spiritual destination
due to the presence of Aurobindo Ashram and proximity to Auroville. It contains several religious
sites such as temples, mosques and churches which attract local tourists. The siddhar jeeva Samadhi
temples are also very famous in the Puducherry Planning Area. There are 30 locations of
Jeevasamadhi which has the potential to be developed.
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rejected the offer, he invited the French who already had trading centres in the North, Mahe and
Madras to open a trading centre in Puducherry.
In 1673 A.D., Bellanger, a French officer took up
residence in the Danish lodge in Puducherry. In
1673, Francois Martin, the first Governor General
of Pondicherry, converted a small fishing village
into a flourishing Port Town. French set up a
factory in Puducherry and built a fort with a view
to attract the local workforce and soon Puducherry
emerged as a prosperous settlement. In 1693,
Dutch took over the town and made plans for the
expansion of the city limits westwards with a
settlement laid out in gridiron pattern. The
extension had a structure, which corresponded to
a spatial-functional distribution of the different
Indian communities such as brahmins, weavers,
merchants, farmers, craftsmen etc. The Dutch
design of gridiron pattern had been partially
implemented when the French returned to
Puducherry in 1699 and it was completed by them.
French also built inside the city a Fort namely, Fort
Louis to store arms, ammunitions and other
commodities. It was a pentagonal shaped fort,
which acted as the citadel for the town for more
Figure 8.2 Layout Plan of Boulevard Town
than 50 years. It withstood many attacks and
calamities finally destroyed by English in 1761. It
was situated at the present location of Bharathi Park. English destroyed the whole town of
Puducherry in 1761. French regained the power in 1765 and rebuilt the town in the old foundations
with a fortification.
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buildings are in European style adapted to a tropical climate, whereas in the Tamil Town area they
are in the local vernacular. While maintaining their individual identities, the two styles have
influenced one another, evolving into a synthesis: Franco-Tamil architecture.
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Figure 8.6 Location of some of the Notified Heritage Buildings in the Boulevard Town
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For the conservation of heritage buildings, the abovesaid steps are to be followed. Amongst these,
Puducherry has already started initiatives towards conservation of the building by notifying the list
of buildings important for its heritage value. Other than that, Puducherry has already formed
Heritage committee to look after the heritage of the town.
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8.2 CULTURE
The people of Puducherry are multinational and multi ethnic by nature and thus have a cosmopolitan
culture but still they have strong hold to the native tradition of the region. One of the characteristics
of the territory of Puducherry is that they have a diverse culture and thus resulting in a secular
attitude. The Boulevard Town offers a multi-religious community, with each practicing their own
heritage traditions and values and living in social harmony.
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9 TOURISM
9.1 INTRODUCTION
Tourism sector is emerging as the largest service industry for generating employment and boosting
economic growth, having forward and backward linkages. Puducherry has earned a name in the field
of Tourism attracting tourists from both inside and outside India. Aurobindo Ashram, Auroville,
Boulevard town and the various natural scenic sites and religious sites attract tourists to this place.
9.2.1 AUROVILLE
Auroville is a township in Villupuram: an adjoining district of Tamilnadu, which houses around 2000
people from all over the world. It was founded in 1968 by Mirra Alfassa, popularly known as ‘The
Mother’: the spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo: an Indian nationalist, philosopher, yogi and a
poet who lived in Puducherry. Auroville was conceived as a ‘place of research into the ideal of human
unity’. Designed by the French Architect Roger Anger, Auroville sends a positive vibe into the
inhabitants or visitors. It is in a rural setting, with deep red earth landscape and widespread
forestation with narrow earth roads linking the settlements in Auroville. Auroville houses
Matrimandir a place for silent concentration which contains the world’s biggest man-made crystal
ball. Auroville visitors centre has got a permanent exhibition on the history and philosophy of the
project. Even though Auroville Township doesn’t belong to Puducherry Region, it is one of the major
nearby tourist destinations and can’t be left unmentioned.
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THARANGAMBADI: Tharangambadi,
formerly Tranquebar, is a town in
the Nagapattinam district. It is 116 km from
Puducherry. It was a Danish colony from 1620 to
1845, and in Danish it is still known as Trankebar.
Tranquebar was occupied by the British in
February 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars but was
restored to Denmark following the Treaty of Kiel in
1814 and the Norwegian Declaration of
Independence. Along with the Danish settlement
of Serampore in Bengal, it was sold to the British
in 1845. Tranquebar was then still a busy port, but
it later lost its importance after a railway was
opened to Nagapattinam.
Figure 9.11 Tharangambadi
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Figure 9.22 Location of some Religious sites in the Puducherry Planning Area
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1 2 3
2
4
1
4 5
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connected as a part of the tourism promotion to make the tourist stay for few more days
which in turn will support the economy of the region.
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9.2.5 BEACHES
Puducherry is blessed with a scenic coastline which houses number of beaches; the major
beaches are Paradise Beach, Promenade Beach, Vembakirappalaiyam Beach and
Veerampattinam Beach.
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develop seven beaches, including Kalapet beach, Dubrayapet Beach, Arikamedu Beach
and Chinna Veerampattinam Beach.
The Union Tourism Ministry has sanctioned a sum of Rs. 100 crore each for ‘Heritage
Tourism’ and ‘Spiritual Tourism’ in the Union Territory. Under this scheme, the
government proposes to beautify the beach promenade, Nehru Street, Grand Canal,
St.Vinnearpu Annai Church, Sacred Heart Church and Lourdes Annai Church (Our Lady
of Lourdes Shrine), Villianur.
They also plan
o To revitalize streetscapes in the Boulevard
o Establish a cultural complex with art and digital museum at Old Distillery
o Construct toilet facilities in Raj Bhavan, Uppalam and Orleanpet
o Improve works in the tourism building at Beach Road
o Restore Ananda Ranga Pillai House, Dumas Church bell-tower and many other
heritage buildings.
Under the Heritage Circuit the following works will be taken up:
o Beautification and extension of beach promenade in southern and northern
side; Revitalisation of streetscapes in the Heritage Area in Puducherry
o Beautification and improvement of Nehru Street in Puducherry
o Development of Franco-Tamil village in Puducherry (Ariyankuppam Commune
Panchayat)
o Beautification of Grand Canal in Puducherry
o Toilet facilities to be provided at tourist spots
As part of the Spiritual Circuit project, the government plans to develop infrastructure
in key temples such as Varadaraja Perumal Temple, Vedapureeswarar Temple, Gangai
Varaga Natheeswarar Temple, Thirukanchi, St.Vinnearpu Annai Church, Nellithope and
Sri Thirukameeswarar Kokilambigai Temple in Villianur.
The government has proposed an outlay for the Art and Culture department. The
Romain Rolland Library in Puducherry will be modernised with the support of National
Mission Libraries.
Public toilets at every major junction and public gathering spots as well as developing
areas are to be provided for public convenience. It is to be provided especially in
Boulevard area where the tourists inflow is higher so that it can be utilized fully.
Development of a Lakeside Spa Resort, with 40 to 50 beds capacity on the banks of
Oussudu Lake. Alternatively, lakeside cottages may be set up. There should be good
landscaping of the area, with lots of greenery around.
Besides the usual amenities available in a star hotel, such as multi cuisine restaurant,
well stocked bar, conference hall, men’s beauty parlour or saloon, boutique shop, etc,
the resort complex would have a swimming pool and, massage parlour cum health
club which are essential features of a Spa Resort.
Guided boat rides on the lake could be provided to the resort guests who show a
preference for it. Angling kit could be provided too for those who wish to amuse
themselves with on-board fishing.
Even if the lake should remain just about partially full for about 4 – 5 months in a year,
the resort / cottages should be able to attract business from high end commercial
travellers, foreigners and the like. As in the Virgin Island at the Chunnambar Water
Complex, solar power and wind generated electricity may be used in the Oussudu Lake
Resort Complex.
Jointly with the present owner, or otherwise, a few garden cottages in the coconut
grove overlooking the Chunnambar Lake could be established. The cottages could be
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at an elevated level from the ground. This location provides a very scenic view of the
Chunnambar lake and the Virgin Island, with frequent movement of boats in the
waters.
Construction of conference hall and some commercial would increase the physical and
economic activities in the area close to the Chunnambar Water Sports Complex.
At Chunnambar, an aerial rope way between the boat jetty and Virgin Island would
provide for an attractive novelty in reaching the island. Zip line would also provide an
adventurous experience to the tourists between the banks of the Gingee River.
PTDC may operate night time boating services during Moonlit nights, New year eve
nights and other festive occasions to provide connectivity to the Virgin Islands in the
Chunnambar Water Sports Complex. Local residents and domestic tourists from nearby
centers might be enthusiastic about:
o Boating on Chunnambar on moonlit nights and New Year eve nights.
o Celebrate the New Year eve night on the island.
o Dine and dance relaxation on the Virgin Island on these nights.
Initiate efforts for establishing Pondicherry Boat Club on the lines of Madras Boat Club.
With sponsorship and membership support from business and educational institutions,
sports bodies like SAI etc, boating, and rowing activities could be strengthened in the
Chunnambar Complex. Annual rowing and sailboat competitions could also be held.
Over a period of years, with suitable nurturing and back up by the institutions involved
in this activity, this could become a sporting event at the Chunnambar Water Sports
Complex (Like the annual Nehru Cup Boat Festival in Alappuzha) in future.
Provision of public amenities at the Chunnambar Water Sports Complex and Oussudu
lake area.
By providing suitable incentives, encourage setting up at choice locations a few beer
pubs which have aesthetic and upscale ambience. Tourists and commercial travellers
who do not take up hotel accommodation during their visit to Pondicherry are likely to
patronise such bars.
Establishment of budget accommodation at one or more suitable locations to cater to
the short-period lodging facilities required by visiting artists for participation in the
cultural / fine arts / religious festivals, pilgrims, sports persons, student groups / others
may be examined by the tourism authorities. Alternatively, like the Grey-hound bus
stations in the USA, locker-chests and wash facilities may be provided for those who
opt for these amenities only instead of room accommodation.
A number of government departments of Puducherry such as the Town & Country
Planning Department, Department of Electricity, PWD, Water Supply and Drainage,
Education, Forest and Wildlife, Fisheries, Transport, Tourism etc are implementing a
number of schemes to improve the quality of life of citizens of Pondicherry. This will
not only indirectly help in attracting tourists, but also in increasing the number of days
of tourists stay in Pondicherry.
Except the ITDC’s Ashok Hotel complex, none of the leading national hospitality chains
such as the Taj, Oberois, Leela group and ITC hotels division have yet to come to
Puducherry. Presence of quality national and international hotel chains will not only
attract the high spending domestic / foreign tourists but also attract business
conferences / seminars / workshops etc. Suitable steps may be taken in this regard by
the authorities concerned to promote holding of conferences / seminars etc in the
better class Puducherry hotels / resorts.
In spite of a long coastline, the utilization of its potential to develop tourist interest is
low at present.
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To facilitate smooth and fast transportation between the coastal towns of Pondicherry
and Karaikal, a hovercraft service can be considered. Business people from both these
regions as well as visiting businessmen from elsewhere in the country could be major
source of business for hovercraft service.
Development of Oceanarium at Manapattu Revenue Village in Puducherry by National
Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), Government
of India.
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10 ENVIRONMENT
10.1 INTRODUCTION
Environment plays an important role in the sustainability of a region. The balance between
different environmental aspects and development defines the progress and livability of an
area. The most crucial factors which affects the livability of an area are primarily, land and
water. With an increase in the demand of the water, the demand for urban land is also
increasing. People flock to urban areas to seek employment, entertainment, shopping and
generally a higher standard of living. At the same time, environmental infrastructure for works
and services are inadequate to serve the resulting increase in population and population
densities.
The inevitable congestion causes environmental hazards and degradation until strategies for
reversing environmental deterioration can be implemented. Hence, the magnitude of urban
population growth in developing countries is a direct indicator of the degree of spatial
concentration of people, industries, commerce, vehicles, energy consumption, water use,
waste generation and other environmental stresses. Several environmental aspects are
considered and studied to access the environmental conditions of the planning area. This
analysis is presented in this
chapter along with proposed
strategies to safeguard the
environment of the planning area.
10.1.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY
The region in general is a flat plain
with an average elevation of about
15 m above the mean sea level
(MSL). The terrain becomes little
undulating with prominent high
grounds varying from 30 to 45 m
above the MSL towards interior
North and North Western part of
the region. There are three major
physiographic units: Coastal Plain,
Alluvial plain and Uplands.
10.1.2 HYDROGEOLOGY
(GROUND WATER
TABLE)
The sedimentary formations
occurring in the entire region are
represented by Cretaceous,
Paleocene, Mio-Pliocene and Figure 10.1 Physiography Map of Puducherry Region
Quaternary formations
(multilayered aquifer system). Ground water occurs in these formations both water table as
well as confined conditions and is being developed by dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and tube
wells. The main aquifers that contribute ground water in Puducherry are a) Alluvial Aquifer
b) Cuddalore sandstone (Tertiary Aquifer) c) Vanur & Ramanathapuram sandstone
(Cretaceous Aquifer). The three aquifers are presented in the figure 10.2. Among the three
water bearing formations of cretaceous age the Ramanathapuram and Vanur formations form
potential aquifers. They occur in the North-Western part of Puducherry region. The thickness
of the aquifer ranges between 38 m and 98 m. Ground water occurs under confined conditions
and the piezometric head is about 20 m to 33 m below ground level.
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To study the water table, Puducherry Government has constructed about 100 observation units under State Ground Water Unit of Agriculture Department.
These tube wells piercing different aquifer system and the water level data are periodically collected. It is observed that the water table in the alluvial aquifer
ranges from 5 to 20 mts. In Cuddalore sandstone formation, the water table is in the range of 15 m to 26 m whereas in cretaceous aquifer, the water table
is 20 to 45 mts. From 2011 onwards, declining trend is noticed for the water table, i.e., on an average there is a drop by 1 mt to 1.5 mts per year in spite of
rainwater harvesting measure which are widely adopted in the region. This scenario indicates that the Puducherry region is highly dependent on ground
water for all purposes.
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10.1.3 GEOLOGY
The entire area of Puducherry region is covered by sedimentary formations, ranging in era
from cretaceous to recent, except a small extent of area in the Northeastern part of
Puducherry. The oldest sedimentary formations are the cretaceous sediments of Mesozoic era
and are exposed in the North-Western part of the region and North of Sankaraparani river.
The trend of these formations is North East-South West. Four stratigraphic units namely
Ramanathapuram, Vanur sandstone, Ottai claystone and Thuruvai limestone formations have
been identified. The Paleocene formations of the Lower Tertiary are represented by the
Kadaperikkuppam and Manaveli formations in the region.
The trend of these formations is similar to the cretaceous formations. The Kadaperikuppam
formations are exposed near Pillaiyarkuppam, Sedarapattu, Kadaperikuppam and
Alankuppam. The thickness of this formation varies widely which may be due to the
unevenness of the cretaceous basement. The thickness of the formation varies from 30 m to
130 m at outcrop area and maximum thickness of 450 m is observed at Manapet along the
coast in the South-Eastern side. The recent (Quartemary) formation in the region is
represented by laterites and alluvium laterites occur as thin cap over the Cuddalore formation.
Thick alluvial deposits are built up along the course of Pennaiyar and Sankaraparani rivers
covering three fourths of Puducherry region. The thickness of alluvium varies from 10 m to
55 meters at different places.
`
Figure 10.3 Wind rose diagram for Puducherry Area
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of 20 kms inside the land. The predominant wind directions for Puducherry region are given
in detail in the table 10-1
Table 10-1 Predominant Wind direction in Puducherry region
S. No Season Predominant Wind Direction
1 Winter Season NNE or ENE
2 Summer Season SW
3 South West Monsoon W or SW
4 North East Monsoon N or NE
Source: Compiled by Consultant
The figure 10.3 denotes a class of wind rose diagrams designed to display the distribution of
wind direction experienced at a given location over a period of time.
70
60
No. of Rainfall days
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 10.4 Total No. of Rainfall days in a year
November is the rainiest month which accounts for 35% of the total rainfall. There are about
52 rainy days in a year. The figure 10.5 represents the maximum rainfall occurred in 2010 (75
days) in the last 15 years. The least days of rainfall in the last 15 years was 2016 (37 days)
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which may be anticipated for the sunnier days in the region. This reveals that the total no of
rainfall days is reducing due to global warming and deforestation within the system.
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
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Ariyankuppam Estuary. The structure started to interfere with the natural drifts of sand and
the coast in the northern part of the harbor started eroding whereas the southern part started
expanding due to sand deposition. To prevent the erosion on the northern part, a sea wall
was built along the shore from Ariyankuppam to Kottakuppam which aggravated the problem
by shifting the erosion further northwards. The erosion has resulted in loss of home and
livelihoods of fishing community. The underwater sandbars along the coast, which obstructs
the waves and tsunami have disappeared from the northern part of the harbor thereby
increasing the disaster risks.
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10.2.2 WATERBODIES
Puducherry region has 84 system and Non-system tanks in the entire planning area. The
details of the list of tanks located within Puducherry region according to the Public Works
Department is presented in the table 10-2.
Table 10-2 Details of tanks in Puducherry Region
S. Name of Tank Village Exact location System Ayacut Water
No. No. (Village) / Area Spread
Non- (Ha) Area
System (Ha)
1 Alankuppam Tank 19 Alankuppam NS 20.64 8.57
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Figure 10.11 Untreated sewage flowing into the Figure 10.10 Open drains across the city
sea
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Figure 10.12 Open Drains Running across the Puducherry Planning Area
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Krishna Nagar, Rainbow Nagar, Venkata Nagar, Indira Gandhi Square, Boomianpet, Natesan
Nagar, Anna Nagar etc. and causes inundation every year. It is a recurring and long term
problem and these areas are severely affected every year. The deprived drainage system is
also due to encroachment of drains by public in certain drains and choking of drains due to
indiscriminate disposal of municipal solid waste. During November/December 2015, due to
vigorous rainfall intensity, many households in the aforesaid locations were under storm water
and prolonged inundation forced the people to vacate their houses and stayed outside and on
their rooftop as the situation was like flooding which was a disaster condition in Oulgaret and
Puducherry Municipalities.
10.2.6 POLLUTION
Union Territory of Puducherry has been ranked 16th position among all States and UTs of India
based on the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) by the Planning Commission of India.
The Cumulative EPI is a measure of the Environmental wellbeing of the state which is
calculated based on 5 Categories namely Air Pollution, Forest, Water quality, Waste
management and Climate Change.
Table 10-5 Environmental Performance Ranking
Sl. No Criteria Ranking
1 Air Pollution 1
2 Forest 35
3 Water quality 5
4 Waste Management 12
5 Climate Change 25
Source: DSTE Annual Report 2012-2013
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Figure 10.13 Average SO2, NO2, PM10 and SPM levels measured at different locations
As it is seen from the above graphs, the annual average concentrations of the pollutants in all
the three Air Quality monitoring locations are within the prescribed standard limits. But during
the occasions of Diwali and Boghi Festival, the concentration of suspended Particulate Matter
was found to be exceeding the prescribed limit.
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Negligence of the people and a lack of understanding of the importance of mangroves will led
to the problem of destruction. Hence these areas are affected by manmade disturbances such
as rapid urbanization, harbor development activities and continuous dredging for the easy
transport of fishing and unloading vessels. It is observed that the water is being polluted here
with the discharge of sewage without proper treatment coupled with the dumping of solid
waste leads to ecological imbalance in the system. It is also observed that the Thengaithittu
and Ariyankuppam receives water carrying wastes from adjacent agriculture lands and
industries in addition to domestic municipal and distillery effluents which leads to further
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damage to the mangroves. Therefore, protection of mangroves plays a vital role in stabilizing
these areas in the system.
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on the coastal environment, the challenge of implementing coastal zone regulations will likely
mount upon enforcement authorities forced to address CRZ 2011.
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1. The water bodies (ponds/Lakes) within conurbation area should follow the 20m
buffer from the edge of the water body boundary.
2. The water bodies (ponds/Lakes) outside the conurbation area should follow the
30m buffer from the edge of the water body boundary.
3. The ecological sensitive areas such as Bahour lake, Oussudu lake and
Thengaithittu mangrooves should have the buffer of 50 m.
4. The canals and rivers which does not fall under the CRZ should have the 15 m
on both the sides.
5. To avoid further deterioration of the mangrove, it is proposed to declare the
Thengaithittu mangrove area as protected area.
6. Puducherry is facing major problem in terms of water supply. There is scarcity
of availability of water and the only source of water for planning area is
groundwater. To mitigate this issue, it is mandatory to store the fresh water i.e.
rainwater. The rainwater harvesting provisions are given in the building bye-
laws.
7. There is a lack of green spaces/recreational area in the planning area. Thus,
after the detail study the city level and neighbourhood level parks/playgrounds
are proposed.
8. Bahour is known as the Rice bowl of the planning area. Hence, it is imperative
to preserve this rich and fertile agricultural land. This area is preserved by
declaring dedicated agriculture zone under CDP – 2036 and Regulated
Development will be allowed in certain parts of this area.
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11 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Disaster is an undesired calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a
community or society and causes human, material and economic or environmental losses that
exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Disasters are
usually caused by nature but in some cases it can be caused by human actions as well. Disaster
can be broadly classified into Water and Climate related, Geology related and Accident related.
India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geoclimatic
conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent
phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over
40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and
68% of the area is susceptible to drought.
At the national level, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal Ministry for all matters
concerning disaster management. The Central Relief Commissioner (CRC) in the Ministry of
Home Affairs is the nodal officer to coordinate relief operations for natural disasters. The CRC
receives information relating to forecasting/warning of a natural calamity from India
Meteorological Department (IMD) or from Central Water Commission of Ministry of Water
Resources on a continuing basis. The Ministries/Departments/Organizations concerned with
the primary and secondary functions relating to the management of disasters include: India
Meteorological Department, Central Water Commission, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of
Defense, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Urban Development,
Department of Communications, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of
Petroleum, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. Ministry of Power, Department of Civil
Supplies, Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Planning
Commission, Cabinet Secretariat, Department of Surface Transport, Ministry of Social Justice,
Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Environment and Forest,
Department of Food.
Puducherry Planning Area being a coastal region is prone to climate related natural calamities
like heat wave, drought, thunder, lighting, cyclone, floods, storm, tornado & hurricane.
Geology related natural calamities can be in the form of earthquake and Tsunami. In addition
to these natural calamities there can be manmade disasters like accidents from fire, oil spills,
chemical spills and vehicular accidents.
11.2 CURRENT SCENARIO
Puducherry region has 24 km coastline and this stretch is prone to many natural disasters like
cyclone and floods. This region has a history of cyclones and associated storm surges which
have inundated vast areas of land along the coastal stretches of the Puducherry region.
Keeping the past history of disasters and susceptibility of the region to natural disasters,
Department of Revenue & Disaster Management, Puducherry has formulated a “Disaster
Management Action Plan, 2014.” The basic objective of current Disaster Management Action
Plan is to protect all the residents and the wealth of the region from all sort of untoward
incidents through the following objectives:
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Puducherry region was hit with very severe cyclonic storm “Thane” on 30th December 2011,
with devastating effects and a trail of destruction to public and private properties. Hundreds
of trees were uprooted leading to blockage of major road networks and severe power
disruption. Hundreds of huts have been completely damaged and tidal waves of 1.5 meters
were reported, and mainly fishing hamlets were affected.
Table 11-4 Cyclone Thane Damage & Population Affected
11.4 TSUNAMI
A Tsunami cannot be prevented but the impact of a tsunami can be mitigated through
urban/land planning, siting away from shorelines, community preparedness, timely warnings,
and effective response. Puducherry region witnessed the Tsunami in the year 2004, it was
one of the deadliest natural calamities ever happened in the history of the region. It was
caused by an earthquake under the sea in the India Ocean which caused waves with height
of 15 m. As per the statistics of DSTE, Puducherry around 30000 people were rendered
homeless in the Union Territory of Puducherry. Around 601 people lost their life’s due to this
natural calamity and mostly fisherman in this region lost lives and many were missing. As per
official data’s around 0.43 million people were affected by this disaster and 3.80 crore worth
damage was caused.
Table 11-5 Tsunami Damage & Population Affected
11.5 EARTHQUAKE
Around 58 % of the territory of India is vulnerable to earthquake, and the country has
experienced 3 main earthquakes in the past few decades. The state of Gujarat has
experienced a major earthquake in January 2001, Jammu & Kashmir in October 2005 and
Sikkim in 2011. The major consequences of any earthquake are wide spread human and
material losses, excessive damage to infrastructure and services. According to the
Geographical Survey of India, Seismic Zoning Map of the country, Puducherry region lies in
Zone-II which is said to be the least active semis zone in the Country. The Southern part of
the country were the Puducherry region lies has observed only moderate’s earthquakes in
Kerala in 2000, Karnataka in 2001 and Tamilnadu in 2001.
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The Public Works Department should monitor the major water bodies like rivers,
streams, lakes for constant flow of water, rising levels, and identify potential areas along
the water bodies which need additional embankment or revetments and these works
should be implemented on priority before the onset of the season.
Power and Communication should carry out through inspection of power lines,
communication lines for defects and rectify them. Trees and branches which may
damage power and communication lies should the trimmed or removed.
Health department should ensure that the primary and community health centers are
equipped with medicines and medical staff. Preventive vaccines for epidemics should be
stocked in adequate quantity. Chlorination of drinking water should be ensured to avoid
the outbreak of epidemics in the event of cyclones and floods.
The Department of Revenue & Disaster Management is the nodal agency in the
Puducherry Region and has already handled several flood and cyclone situation in the
region. From this experience, it should be able to identify the low lying and vulnerable
areas and the population of such places must be warned to be alert and to be ready to
move to the cyclone shelters or to safer areas or to the relief camps in case of warning
of disaster.
The Department of Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs should decide for creation of buffer
stock of food grains by making required withdrawal from the Food Corporation of India.
Also, adequate quantities of Kerosene and diesel should be procured and made available
through the Fair Price Shops.
Department of Agriculture should take steps to publicise precautionary measures to be
taken to save the standing crops in the vulnerable areas. Farmers should be encouraged
to have platforms in their fields to stock the crops. Desilting of public and private
irrigation channels should be ensured for quick drainage of paddy fields.
Fisheries & Fishermen Welfare Department shall alert all the coastal villages and hamlets
about the impending natural calamity and advice the fishermen not to venture into sea
till normalcy is restored.
Department of School Education shall keep all schools ready for accommodating the
evacuees and keep the Central Kitchens to function around the clock with in charge of
the centres. NCC and NSS students shall also be grouped to send them for relief works.
Transport Department should keep ready the list of sufficient numbers of earthmoving
vehicles, transportation vehicles such as trucks, tractors, tippers, poclains, mini buses
etc. Further, all the listed vehicles allocated in connection with calamity has to be kept
in roadworthy condition for using them in emergency.
Fire Services Department shall keep available sufficient number of rescue materials, like
life jackets, buoys, ladders and ropes.
Department of Animal Husbandry & Animal Welfare should store fodder, cattle feed,
poultry food etc. and also carry out the inoculation of animals against epidemics. The
Key Village Units should harbour stray cattle with shelters.
Local Bodies shall make arrangements for availability of Generators and pump sets at
short notice. For areas with water logging Local bodies should clear the L & U type drains
which normally clog due to plastic materials and silt.
The Police Department shall set up a Search & Rescue Team which shall contain at least
20 Police Personnel for each jurisdiction of the Superintendent of Police.
Similarly, the Fire Services Department shall set up Search & Rescue Team consisting of
at least 6 members of each Fire Service Station.
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The region should be divided into zones and each zone will function under a zonal officer
who is in the capacity of Puducherry Civil Service Officer.
The Tahsildar of the respective zones will work in coordination with the Zonal Officer.
The Zonal officer should report to the Dy Collector (Revenue) cum Sub-Divisional
Magistrate
Required number of task force should be formulated under various zones based on the
area covered and it should be headed by Dy. Tahsildar.
The desired team composition of each task force should be as follows: -
Revenue Officials
Welfare Inspector
Civil Supply Inspector
Fisheries Inspector
Junior Engineer PWD
Junior Engineer Electricity Department
Required No. of Gangman and Luscar
Village Level Worker from Rural Development Department
The headquarters of the Task force should be suitably identified within the area it is
working and it should be provided with necessary communication facilities.
The Task force should be in direct contact with the Zonal Officer and also Central Control
Room.
There should be enough contingency fund and provisions for the task teams to work in
case for emergencies.
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The water logged in low lying residential areas should be pumped out and the pumped
out water could be let through the nearest natural drain or canal. Also, fire engines can
be deployed to pump out water from affected areas during emergencies.
Any breach in rivers, streams or natural drains should be protected with adequate sand
bags or creation of temporary embankments to avoid further damage to property and
human life.
In case of heavy storms, power supply to areas which are in the primary path of the
storm can be disconnected to avoid hazards due to breakage of power lines. Provisions
should be made to provide generators for temporary power supply to storm affected
areas.
Relief camps should be opened in appropriate locations were a large number of people
are affected.
Health facilities like General hospitals and Medical Colleges should be ready to accept
crowd in case the primary health centers gets over crowded.
Lt. Governor
Chief Minister
Chief Secretary to Government
Relief & Rehabilitation Commissioner
Secretary to Government (Revenue) & the Ministries and Secretaries
Central Control Room has to be opened immediately and the Revenue Department have to
circulate the warning to all line departments and connect with disaster management to set up
their respective control room. The cyclone warning has to be communicated to All India Radio
for broadcasting the same every 30 minutes. Also, the same have to be advertised through
cable TV and other media.
11.6.4.2 MOBILIZATION OF TASK FORCE
Immediately after receiving the official warning about the probability of cyclone, flood or heavy
rain, the respective zonal officers should make sure the task forces which are under his/her
jurisdiction should group itself at the headquarters and ready to act in case of eventuality.
11.6.4.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION
At the onset of the event the task force should get in touch with the villagers & elders of the
village to collect the ground level situation, impacts of the event and assess the need for
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relocation or evacuation of the vulnerable population residing in low lying and affected areas.
Based on the number of population identified for relocation the task force has to make sure
they are relocated safely to the relief shelters and provisions for food and basic necessities
are planned.
11.6.4.4 RESPONSE & RESCUE OPERATIONS
The Task Force should immediately report about the loss of lives, livestock and damages to
public properties to the Central Control Room. The head of the Task Force shall liaise with the
S.H.O., of the respective jurisdiction to ensure whether there is any causality and rush the
injured to the nearest Primary Health Center. The Task Force shall utilize the services of the
Police and Fire Services Department in responding to the disaster.
The Zonal Officer and the Task Force Leader shall seek the aid of the Search & Rescue Team
of the Police and Fire Services Department in rescue operations. The Task Force should
establish contacts with the affected villages and visit all the villages affected as quickly as
possible. If it is not possible to reach the places due to inaccessibility or high floods or failure
of communications etc., it shall be reported to the District Magistrate who shall arrange for
conduct of Aerial Survey. If people are marooned, the District Magistrate shall inform the
Government to seek the assistance of the Army to rescue the people when their lives are in
danger, otherwise air dropping of food can be organised. List of areas wherein air dropping
of food, rescue and aerial survey need to be done and should be got ready. However, Army
should be requisitioned only when the State Government is not in a position to handle the
critical situation.
11.6.4.5 EVACUATION
It is the vested responsibility of the field level officials of the Department of Revenue & Disaster
Management to evacuate the population from the low-lying areas and in the coastal areas on
receipt of severe cyclone warning, in coordination with the task force. The people have to be
evacuated and sheltered at the identified safer places/shelters. Once the floods hit, evacuation
centers should be triggered into action. Depending upon the gravity of the situation, the Task
Force shall requisition the Search & Rescue Team of the Police & Fire Services Departments
for evacuation/rescue operations.
In order to avoid panic among the population the Task Force has to explain about the
importance of their evacuation and the injured, if any, should be treated in safe shelters. The
Task Force has to keep census of the evacuees. As soon as the normalcy is restored, the
evacuees shall be allowed to go back to their dwellings. The Task Force should ensure
provision of food and water to the evacuees.
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aftermath of a disaster is generally carried out in compliance with Calamity Relief Fund Norms
by Relief & Rehabilitation Commissioner.
The task force is responsible for collecting the extend of the damages with respect to number
of houses damaged, loss of human lives, number of person injured, information about
individual families, their income, property and assets. The zonal officer has to prepare a report
on the same to be sent to the Sub/Dy Collector Revenue. The mentioned assessment is to be
carried out on priority basis so that the Nodal Department in the Puducherry Region which is
the Department of Revenue and Disaster Management can extend relief assistance in time in
order to mitigate the effect of the natural disaster.
11.7 CITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The points mentioned above should be part of a larger city or region level disaster
management plan. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has brought a change from Response
& Relief oriented approach to proactive and comprehensive approach. This has encouraged
many Indian cities to develop and formulate a City Disaster Management Plan, the same
should be worked for Puducherry Region as well to enable it to be better prepared in the case
of natural disasters in the future. As part of the Comprehensive Development Plan-2036 the
authority feels there is a need for a CDMP for the planning area covering the following general
principles: -
Overall Preparedness
Rehabilitation
Emergency Response
Prevention
Mitigation
Recovery
Reconstruction
Capacity Building Plans
Based on the above discussed general principles a detailed City Disaster Management Plan
(CDMP) for Puducherry Planning Area have to be prepared for strengthening the institutional
mechanism.
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12.2.1 VISION
The Vision for the planning area perceived around the following core ideas:
1. Preserving our historical past, maintaining the livability of the present, and transforming
our future through the implementation of the highest quality planning, to enhance the level
of infrastructure service to all people of Puducherry Region.
2. Plan and implement the future by guiding the physical and economic development of
Puducherry Region while enhancing the quality of life for all through a comprehensive range
of planning to promote the cultural, built and natural heritage in a sustainable manner.
The road map to achieve the vision will include the following:
1. To generate higher service facilities for attracting various developmental activities,
investors and industrial houses.
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2. To generate facilities and activities to support small investors, informal sectors and slum
inhabitants and rural migrants.
3. To improve the Transport Network system for faster communication and high standard
linkages between the Growth Centers and their rural hinterlands.
4. To transform the whole region to a pollution free zone with conservation of bio-diversity
and environment.
6. To frame land policies and development proposals for eradicating bottlenecks for future
development.
7. To provide decent housing for all sections of people living in the region.
9. To provide high levels of physical and social infrastructure ensuring safe drinking water,
improved sanitation, well distributed education, health, recreation and cultural facilities.
10. To convert the region to a learning and cultural centre for the state as well as nation.
11. To transform the region to a hub of tourism through preserving and promoting the rich
cultural heritage, with high standard facilities and convenience.
12. To design an effective development control mechanism with a high value of public
serviceability.
13. To reenergize the institutional and administrative system to manage future urban
development in the region, through proper institutional mechanism.
12.2.2 GOALS
Socially Beneficial; Regionally Contextual; Environmentally Sustainable; Financially Viable;
Institutionally Executable; and Politically Acceptable.
Figure 12.1 Mixed Use, Commercial & Public and Semi-Public Activities in Boulevard Town
the Puducherry Planning Area in order to understand the potential problems of traffic
congestion in and out of core areas during peak hours.
The core area of Puducherry viz. boulevard town and surrounding areas, being heart and soul
of Puducherry district, has emerged as one of the most congested area due to concentration
of large number of commercial activities, public facilities, administrative offices and population
leading to high degree of congestion. The mixed use development is reflected in the land use
plan are presented in the figure 12.1. It is also been evident that the density of commercial
and public & semi-public use is much higher in the Boulevard area compared to the rest of
the planning area. In order to tackle the over dependency of Boulevard town for commercial
and public purposes like recreation and education. There is urgent need to have a long term
strategy to decentralize the commercial activities to other centers identified across the
planning area. By way of distributing the commercial activities along with public activities to
these centers will bring jobs and shopping needs closer to the homes of the majority of the
population, which leads to reduced travel time into the core areas, reduce peak hour
congestions as well as vehicular emissions. Decentralization can bring in new economic
development in these centers making them more affordable for business locations. This also
supports the Sustainable Regional Planning Framework formulated for the region and the
proposals given in Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Puducherry.
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Thus, the Comprehensive Development Plan for PPA-2036 aims to decongest the city core
through well defined strategies by introduction of open spaces and decentralization of
commercial activities and also to maintain the existing profile & inherent heritage.
Decentralization of some major activities like the wholesale market, commercial centers will
open up land parcels for other uses like recreational use which are inadequate in the core
area. Majority of the commercial activities like street vending, weekly markets, hotels, retail
shopping etc. are concentrated in and around the Puducherry town.
Therefore, it is very much essential to distribute these activities across planning area. Keeping
this in mind after detailed study and through investigation three growth centers were identified
in the system i.e.,
(i) Bahour
(ii) Nettapakkam
(iii) Madagadipet.
Further four growth points were analyzed in order to promote hinterland which support
growth centers.
(i) Thavalakuppam
(ii) Karikalampakkam
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(iii) Sedarapet
(iv) Kalapet
The location of all the growth centers and growth points across the Puducherry planning area
are presented in the figure 12.2. The commercial, public semipublic land uses are proposed
across all the identified growth centers and growth points in order to reduce the congestion
in the Puducherry town and to create employment opportunities near to residential
communities. These growth centers and growth points are identified based on the long term
strategy to distribute the growth and development across the study area to promote multiple
urban centers within the planning area. This will encourage sustainable option for
transportation and reduce trip generation to the already congested area.
While choosing the growth centers due care was taken to give priority for areas that are
served with better connectivity in the proposed Comprehensive Development Plan and their
proximity to potential Multi Modal Transit Centers. Thus, making them suitable for relocating
commercial activities along with public and semi-public use which will enable easy access to
the public. Decentralization also avoid agglomeration of economies in the CBD areas and
reduces commuting cost by optimal spatial distribution of the employment centers within the
planning area. Through re-distribution of commercial and other uses towards the growth
centers would increase the revenue for the urban local bodies in the system. Further it is also
to be highlighted that the study area (Puducherry region) is not a contiguous and scattered
among 13 settlements across the Tamilnadu state. Therefore, the conventional planning
theories and techniques could not be employed in the system. In view of the location specific
phenomenon, the optimal regional concept has been chosen and the same is here justified to
adopt growth pole theory Multinuclei concept on the system.
12.2.3.2 DENSIFICATION
Urban densification is widely considered as a sustainable urban policy to create some sort of
compaction process to attain more sustainable urban development. It differs widely from the
private transport oriented urban sprawl which is observed in many India cities which leads to
the following undesired characters for the planning area: -
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If left unattended the urban area within the planning area will expand to such a degree that
they become unmanageable and inefficient in terms of services delivery. Keeping
aforementioned points in mind it's important to adopt the densification policy which is in
relevance with the national level policies of spatial planning and transit oriented planning
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directing cities to adopt densification along transit corridors and zones which are already well
served with all kind of infrastructure. Densification emphasis the inter-relationship between
spatial planning, infrastructures, in particular transportation infrastructure. The principle
behind this planning concept is that the densification will lead to residential development and
infill developments to be more viable due to minimum spending on infrastructure and proper
circulation network already exists in the system. Densification is the increased use of space
vertically, so as to accommodate more people in a certain geographical area which results to
increase population density as well as Dwelling Unit Density. Densification or urban
compaction typically involves consolidation of activities and uses and strategic densification of
residential locations.
The primary objective of densification is to reduce the commuting distance, which will in turn
result in walkable friendly area, less travel distance reduces energy consumption and finally
minimum environmental pollution. The area on the both the sides of major arterial/district
roads are densified to prevent the urban sprawl, which is currently taking place in Puducherry.
It is one of the methods of Sustainable Landuse Planning through TOD. Moreover, the entire
proposed conurbation area is proposed to be densified to accommodate more people inside
conurbation area.
areas are proposed near major transportation nodes, such as Multi modal transit centers, bus
stands etc. to minimize the travel distance. Major recreational areas are proposed in close
vicinity to the major residential areas. Moreover, the proposals have made sure that all the
residential areas are having adequate amenities.
12.2.3.4 PROPOSED MULTI MODAL TRANSIT CENTERS:
There are four multi modal transit centers proposed under Comprehensive Mobility Plan at
Villianur, Madagadipet, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry (Mudaliarpet). Around these Multi modal
transit centers/Transport Hubs, the major commercial activities and public & semipublic
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activities are proposed which will be surrounded by high density residential development.
Moreover, fertile agricultural areas such as Bahour and Nettapakkam are protected with
special regulations. The ecologically sensitive areas such as area around lakes/ponds, river,
mangrove are protected by providing buffers around it. The areas of heritage importance are
also given special consideration while framing the proposals.
The growth centers identified under Comprehensive Development Plan 2036 are Mannadipet
(Madagadipet), Bahour and Nettapakkam. The identified growth points are Karikalampakkam,
Thavalakuppam, Sedarapet and Kalapet. The concept of growth centers and growth points,
which is used in Comprehensive Development Plan 2036, is elaborated in the later part of this
chapter. This exercise is carried out to retain the character of the communes and to create
economic opportunities at multiple location within the planning area.
12.3 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR COMPREHENSIVE
DEVELOPMENT PLAN-2036
Environmental
Economic
Socio-Cultural
The Puducherry Planning area key issues, which
affect the sustainability of the region, with three
dimensions are furnished below:
12.3.1.1 ECONOMIC
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Deterioration of waterbodies
12.3.1.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL
12.3.2 FRAMEWORK
The conceptual sustainability framework covers four theme areas to achieve sustainable
development in the area. They are explained in the figure 12.8.
12.3.2.1 LANDUSE AND ACCESS
The landuse planning should be done in such a way that it encourages walkability, use of
public transport system and ensures healthy social life. As explained in the Planning concepts,
densification and planning interventions are appropriate planning techniques to achieve the
aforementioned goals.
12.3.2.2 COMMUNITY
The community which is comprised of ‘people’ is the prime component of sustainability. It
should be made sure that there is active social life, by providing recreational areas. In addition,
the community shall be safe, planning for housing shall be inclusive and the community shall
be well engaged to achieve the sustainable development goals.
12.3.2.3 CLIMATE AND ENERGY
Energy shall be conserved since the supply is very limited. In addition, the use of renewable
energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, bio mass, geothermal
energy shall be encouraged to ensure an uninterrupted supply of energy especially in the form
of ‘electricity’.
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• Transportation Options
Landuse and • Integrated Land use
Access
• Engaged Community
• Diverse Housing
Environmental Community • Safe Community
Sustainability • Active Recreation
• Sustainable Energy
Climate and • Energy Conservation
Economic Viability Social Equity Energy • Sustainable Buildings
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Madukkarai 9049 1 1 1 1 X X 1 1 1 X 1 X 8
Nettapakkam 6331 1 1 1 1 X X 1 X 1 X 1 X 7
Kariamanickam 7685 1 1 1 1 X X X X 1 X 1 X 6
Korkadu 3418 1 1 1 1 X X X X 1 1 X X 6
Embalam 8331 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 5
Pandasozhanur 5643 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Eripakkam 4703 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X X X 3
Mannadipet 11176 1 1 1 1 X X 1 1 1 X 1 X 8
Thirubuvanai 9374 1 1 1 1 1 X 1 1 X X 1 X 8
Katteri 4292 1 1 1 1 X X 1 X 1 X 1 X 7
Madagadipet 7253 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X 1 1 6
Kalithirthalkuppam 8862 1 1 1 1 X 1 X X X X X X 5
Thiruvandarkoil 7078 1 1 1 1 X X X X X 1 X X 5
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Kodathur 3605 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Kunichampet 5692 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Sanyasikuppam 2375 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Thethampakkam 2109 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 3
Kuppam 2731 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 3
Sellipattu 2893 X 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 3
Suthukeny 2637 X X 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 3
Manalipet 1244 X X 1 1 X X X X X X X X 2
Chettipet 1822 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Vambupet 1111 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Pudukuppam 2211 X X 1 X X X X X X X X X 1
Sedarapet 4756 1 1 1 1 1 X 1 1 X X 1 X 8
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Ariyur 8758 1 1 1 1 X 1 X X X X X X 5
Uruvaiyar 4568 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 5
Odiampet 13365 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
(OG)(Urban)
Kizhur 2955 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Thondamanatham 4090 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Koodapakkam 7147 X 1 1 1 X 1 X X X X X X 4
Oussudu 3227 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Sathamangalam 2977 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 4
Thirukanchi 4207 1 1 1 X X X X X X X 1 X 4
Ramanathapuram 2841 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 3
Ulaivaikkal 1224 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
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Perungalur 1765 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Pillaiyarkuppam 2744 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Thutipet 939 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Manakuppam 1254 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Ariyankuppam 29808 1 1 1 1 1 X 1 X 1 1 1 X 9
(URBAN)
Thavalakuppam 9212 1 1 1 1 X 1 1 X X X 1 X 7
Purnankuppam 6766 1 X 1 1 X X X X 1 X X X 4
Thimmanaickenpalaya 3479 X X 1 1 X X X X X X X X 2
m
Kirumampakkam 10133 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X 1 X 1 X 9
Bahour 10927 1 1 1 1 X X 1 1 1 X 1 X 8
Seliamedu 5984 1 1 1 1 X X X X 1 X 1 X 6
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Manapattu 8227 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 4
Outchimedu 3959 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Pillaiarkuppam 5309 1 X 1 1 X 1 X X X X X X 4
Manamedu 2345 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 4
Kuruvinatham 7289 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X 3
Panayadikuppam 1316 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X X X 3
Aranganur 2426 X X 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 3
Parikalpet 3835 1 X 1 1 X X X X X X X X 3
Irulansathai 1670 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Kaduvanur 819 1 X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2
Thattanchavady 81772 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X 11
Saram 91881 1 1 1 1 X 1 1 X 1 1 1 X 9
Karuvadikuppam 22146 1 1 1 X X 1 1 X 1 1 1 X 8
Reddiyarpalayam 42673 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X X 1 X 8
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Oulgaret 34283 1 1 1 1 X 1 X X X 1 X X 6
Alankuppam 4932 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Pillaichavady 6570 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X 4
Puducherry 83373 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12
Pudupalayam 62742 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X 11
Olandai 59041 1 1 1 X X 1 1 X 1 1 1 1 9
Kombakkam 7472 1 1 1 1 X X X X X 3 X X 7
Murungapakkam 25209 1 1 1 1 X X X X X 1 X X 5
Thengaithittu 6540 1 1 1 1 X X X X X 1 X X 5
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From the table 12-2 it is observed that the existence of different facilities is marked for each village.
The X mark represents the absence of that particular facilities, and the number 1 indicates the
presence of facilities in the villages. Based on the presence of facilities the total weightage is
calculated which is illustrated in the table 12-3.
Table 12-3 Weightage obtained for each Facilities
S. No Facilities Weightage
1. No of Weekly/ Informal Markets 27.00
2. No of Fire Station 8.10
3. No of Community Health Center / ESI 7.36
4. No of Nursing Homes / Rehabilitaion center General Hospitals / 5.40
Specialty Hospitals
5. No of Post and Telephone exchange facility 4.50
6. No of Godowns/ whole sale 4.26
7. No of Police Station / Outpost 3.68
8. No of Banks 2.38
9. No of Higher Secondary & High School 1.42
10. No of Primary Health Center /Sub- Center 1.35
11. No of Pre-primary, Primary and Middle schools 1.09
12. No of Technical institutes, University and other colleges 1.00
Source: Compiled and obtained by consultant
The weightage of each facilities indicates that the highest the weightage, greater the scarcity of
facilities across the study area. Hence it is also observed from the table 12-3 that the educational
facilities are more sufficient at present and followed by the health facilities. The distribution of market
facilities and commercial facilities are found to be insufficient on the overall planning area or it is
agglomerated at one point. Hence its important to decentralize the commercial activities in the
system to have the balanced growth.
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No of Nursing Homes /
No of Fire Station
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
other colleges
No of Banks
facility
schools
Name
1 Puducherry 83373 25 27.2 41 58.2 6 6 4 5.4 2 14.7 18 97.2 1 3.68 1 8. 4 1 16 68.1 13 30.9 3 81 418.67
5 2 2 1 8 6 4
2 Pudupalayam 62742 11 11.9 9 12.7 3 3 2 2.7 1 7.36 6 32.4 2 7.36 0 0 3 1 8 34.0 7 16.6 0 0 141.83
9 8 3. 8 6
5
3 Olandai 59041 5 5.45 5 7.1 3 3 0 0 0 0 5 27 1 3.68 0 0 1 4. 2 8.52 3 7.14 2 54 120.39
5
4 Murungapakka 7472 6 6.54 3 4.26 3 3 1 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 25.5 0 0 0 0 40.71
m 5 6
5 Thengaithittu 25209 7 7.63 3 4.26 2 2 1 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12.7 0 0 0 0 28.02
5 8
6 Kombakkam 6540 1 1.09 1 1.42 4 4 1 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12.7 0 0 0 0 20.64
5 8
7 Karikalampakk 6558 2 2.18 2 2.84 4 4 0 0 1 7.36 0 0 1 3.68 0 0 1 4. 4 17.0 1 2.38 0 0 43.98
am 5 4
8 Kariamanicka 7685 5 5.45 2 2.84 3 3 2 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4. 0 0 1 2.38 0 0 20.87
m 5
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S.N Villages / Services Educational Facilities - 2011 - Health Facilities - 2011 (Both Govt Security and Commu Trade and Commerce
o (Both Govt and Private) and Private) defence - 2011 nication
Facilitie
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No of Fire Station
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other colleges
No of Banks
facility
schools
Name
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o (Both Govt and Private) and Private) defence - 2011 nication
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S.N Villages / Services Educational Facilities - 2011 - Health Facilities - 2011 (Both Govt Security and Commu Trade and Commerce
o (Both Govt and Private) and Private) defence - 2011 nication
Facilitie
s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
No of Nursing Homes /
No of Fire Station
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
other colleges
No of Banks
facility
schools
Name
NO-0008
(URBAN)
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S.N Villages / Services Educational Facilities - 2011 - Health Facilities - 2011 (Both Govt Security and Commu Trade and Commerce
o (Both Govt and Private) and Private) defence - 2011 nication
Facilitie
s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
No of Nursing Homes /
No of Fire Station
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
other colleges
No of Banks
facility
schools
Name
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S.N Villages / Services Educational Facilities - 2011 - Health Facilities - 2011 (Both Govt Security and Commu Trade and Commerce
o (Both Govt and Private) and Private) defence - 2011 nication
Facilitie
s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
No of Nursing Homes /
No of Fire Station
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
Composite index
other colleges
No of Banks
facility
schools
Name
75 Saram 91881 9 9.81 11 15.6 5 5 1 1.3 0 0 2 10.8 2 7.36 0 0 1 4. 2 8.52 8 19.0 0 0 82.00
2 5 5 4
76 Karuvadikuppa 22146 13 14.1 4 5.68 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 5.4 2 7.36 0 0 1 4. 1 4.26 2 4.76 0 0 49.13
m 7 5
77 Kalapet 42673 4 4.36 8 11.3 7 7 2 2.7 0 0 1 5.4 1 3.68 1 8. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42.60
6 1
78 Reddiyarpalay 15847 6 6.54 8 11.3 3 3 1 1.3 1 7.36 3 16.2 1 3.68 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7.14 0 0 56.63
am 6 5
79 Oulgaret 34283 5 5.45 5 7.1 2 2 1 1.3 0 0 4 21.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12.7 0 0 0 0 50.28
5 8
80 Alankuppam 4932 3 3.27 1 1.42 2 2 1 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.04
5
81 Pillaichavady 6570 2 2.18 1 1.42 2 2 1 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.95
5
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60
50
40
30
20
10 1 2 4
0 0 0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Order of Settlements
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certain villages is the fact that planning area is non-contiguous and these villages are disconnected
from the main core of the planning area. Many of these rural settlements in this category are
dependent on the agricultural resources with insufficient market & storage facilities for their products
to sale. The few areas located in the major road connectivity which have the potential to develop as
second and third order hierarchy of settlements. The Villages such as Manavely, Thengaithittu,
Murungapakkam, Thavalakuppam, Madagadipet, Mannadipet, Bahour, Kirumampakkam,
Kalitheerthalkuppam and Sedarapet are the villages which have the potential to be developed as
growth centers and growth points.
The spatial pattern of distribution and the ranking of settlements on the basis of both simple
aggregations of facilities and on the composite indices provide indications to the existing pattern of
hierarchy and space relations. The different levels of settlement hierarchy reflect different levels of
nodality or centrality. The size of settlement can be established on the basis of population or the
functions available in those settlements. However, the study also brings out the fact that a large
sized settlement need not necessarily have a higher rank on the basis of composite functions. Added
to that the Puducherry Municipality is over loaded with all amenities and it is high time to decongest
the city. Identification of settlement to develop as 2nd and 3rd order settlements to focus the balanced
growth in overall Puducherry region can be witnessed from this study.
12.4.1.8 PROCEDURE ADOPTED FOR THE PROPOSED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
The concept as per the Crystallor’s Central place theory in identifying the proposed hierarchy of
settlements is that spatial distribution of settlements of various hierarchies should be centrally
located (as far as possible) with respect to the service area or population to be served. Theoretically
speaking, there will be one first order settlement serving the entire region. The service area of a
settlement is hexagonal in shape as per the Crystallor’s theory.
Figure 12.13 Proposed first order settlement serving Growth center and Growth point
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The Crystallor’s Central Place theory stipulates that the lower order settlements are placed at the
vertices of the hexagonal shaped service area of the higher order settlements. But here the service
area of the first order settlement is the entire municipality areas and outgrowth which covers in the
contiguous pattern of land forms and hence it is assumed that there are at least major seven (7)
second order settlements one from each of the sub regions (North division, North-West division,
South-West division and South-division) of the region. The vertices of the service area determine
the location of the next lower settlements i.e. the third order and fourth order settlement. The
remaining settlements of the region are assumed to be having the lowest order, i.e. the fifth and
sixth order settlement.
12.4.1.9 PROPOSED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
The existing hierarchy of the settlements, especially of those settlements with higher order, cannot
be shuffled altogether. Though there is wide difference between the first order and consecutive one
the few villages fit into the proposed conurbation boundary where growth foci may be anticipated
in the system. Hence this entire conurbation area will act as growth foci. Identification of second
order settlements While assessing the proposed hierarchy of settlements of the region after 20 years,
the villages in the major transportation corridor has been considered which already serving the
hinterlands will function as growth centers and growth points.
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Table 12-9 No of order of settlements - 2036
S. No Orders of Settlements Number of Settlements - 2036
1 1 11
2 2 14
3 3 14
4 4 14
5 5 14
6 6 14
Total 81
Source: Compiled by Consultant
12 11
No of Settlements
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Order of Settlements
In the entire region those settlements in the seventh orders as per the existing hierarchy of
settlements are taken as such with a slight modification while identifying the proposed hierarchy of
settlements. The modification is that the existing Seventh order settlements are split into III, IV, V
and VI order based on the growth center and growth point development approach. Further the III
and IV order are combined together to function as growth nodes and V and VI order are combined
to function as service villages to have the balance development across the region.
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From the figure 12.15 it has been observed that Mannadipet, Nettapakkam, and Bahour function as
important growth centers and Kalapet, Thavalakuppam and Kariklampakkam are found to be the
major growth points, which has more than 60% of growth rate from 2011 to 2036. It's also important
to note that these areas are well served with the existing road network. Though the Sedarapet is
found to have a growth rate of 35%, the promotion of SEZ zone and the recent Industrial policy
2016 is to be consider attracting major development and hence Sedarapet have a major push to be
developed as another growth point within planning area to serve the surrounding hinterlands of
region in the system.
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Figure 12.16 Proposed second order settlement serving Service centers and Rural villages
12.4.1.11POLARISATION EFFECT
The centrality study reveals that due to development proposals how far the growth centers and
growth points creates the
polarization effect in the
study region and helps us to
identify the dominant or
vibrant region where poles of
development are
concentrated, and the
development of economic
activities are more. The GROWTH FOCI /
GROWTH POLE
figure 12.17 represents the
vibrant area across the study
region in the system. It
clearly indicates that the fast
growth may be anticipated in
the villages passing through
the NH45A and Uruvaiyaru
road from Villianur to Bahour
and ECR - Thavalakuppam to
Cuddalore road. Figure 12.17 Map illustrating Polarization Effect in Puducherry Region
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Table 12-11 List of villages under Polarisation effect of proposed growth centers
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RURAL
TAMILNADU / TOWN /
S.NO LIST OF VILLAGES TALUK /
PUDUCHERRY VILLAGE
URBAN
1 Nettapakkam PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
2 Embalam PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
3 Karayamputhur PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
4 Pandasozhanur PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
5 Madukkarai PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
6 Kariamanickam PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
7 Eripakkam PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
8 Nettapakkam PUDUCHERRY Bahour VILLAGE Rural
9 Kizhur PUDUCHERRY Villianur VILLAGE Rural
10 Arugur TAMILNADU Villianur VILLAGE Rural
11 Pallineriyanur TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
12 Aliyur TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
13 Palichcheri TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
14 Kottambakkam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
15 Pallippuduppattu TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
16 Mandagapattu (E) TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
17 Kondur (CT) TAMILNADU Cuddalore TOWN Urban
18 Arpisampalaiyam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
19 Siruvandadu TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
20 Mokshakulam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
21 Chokkambattu TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
22 Parasureddipalaiyam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
23 Kongambattu TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
24 Mettupalaiyam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
25 Rampakkam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
26 Sorappur TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
27 Viranam TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
28 Pagandai TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
29 Sornavur (Melpadi) TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
30 Sornavur (Kilpadi) TAMILNADU Viluppuram VILLAGE Rural
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The table 12-11 indicates the polarization effect of proposed growth centers in the study
region. It reveals that on an average the growth center serves for about 10,000 population
and spatial spread effect for about 90 Sq km on average. Some few identified census town
from Tamilnadu region will support the development and some rural villages from Tamilnadu
region also will benefit from this growth centers.
The regional imbalances are a result of uncontrolled concentration of growth at certain
places due to various geographical, social, political and economic factors. Generally, such a
growth steals the development of hinterland and leads to skewed pattern of development.
Growth generally does not take place simultaneously at all places but is concentrated in few
places. Either the growth centers are planned and developed or developed and planned.
Hence such places are called growth centres.
Hence to attain a balanced regional development in planning area the spread effect or
polarization effect of growth centers are also studied in detail to understand the magnitude
of spread and the services it will provide for the surrounding hinterlands. These Growth
poles should be developed with a diversified economic structure with various exogenous
factors. The backbone of growth center is that propulsive economic centers can be infused
into a core center so that there is "spread" of economic growth from that -center. Spread,
in a spatial sense, is defined as the set of processes whereby the absolute levels of
development of a peripheral area increase due to diffusion from a core area.
expense of the rural belts in the region. The Figure 12.18 Global Urbanization Trend
level of urbanization is regarded as an index
of economic development of the planning area. It also helps in understanding the growth potential
of several nodes within the planning area. Economic growth results in the shift in demand and
therefore it leads to reallocation of resources –land, labour and capital- out of primary sector -
agriculture into secondary & tertiary sector- manufacturing and services. Hence an urban settlement
is not just characterized by relative importance of manufacturing and services but more importantly,
by high density of population. The pace of urbanisation and consequential changes occurring in
shifting from rural to urban areas are causing tremendous pressure on Urban Infrastructure and
basic services delivery systems of these areas and drastically deteriorating the quality of life certain
urban areas. Due to the above discussed points its important to study the degree of urbanization in
the Puducherry Planning Area and consider it as a key indicator of the current socio-economic
development status of its villages. A detailed analysis in this direction will help in understanding the
need of infrastructure development in various parts of the planning area and it will also help in
identifying various pockets within the planning area which have to be preserved as agricultural areas.
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these areas and accumulation of services and employment opportunities around them. Hence it is
an important function in the study of level of urbanization of the area since the density indirectly
implies many other urban functions. Due to this the Variable 4 stands in rating 2 among the 5
variables.
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VILLAGE NAME Exis Den PP PP Class Workf WF - WF Wor W PRI Workf W Workf W Workf SEC Existi Exis HH Comp Or AVER LEVEL
ting sity- H H- of orce CLASS - k FD M- orce FD orce_ FD orce - ng ting - osite der AGE OF
Pop- PPH- 20 20 Settle Popul 2011- CLA forc - RA Distri - Distri - Distri TE House HH 20 Index of RATI URBANIS
201 2011 11 36- ment ation RANK SS- e P NK- Secon S Terti_ T Secon RI- hold - %- 11- Set NG ATION -
1 RA RA 2011 203 Dist % 201 2011 % 011 % & Teri RA 2011 201 RA tle SCAL RANK -
NK NK 6 ri - 1 - - 2011 NK- 1 NK Ru E 2011
Prim 20 20 20 201 ral
ary 11 11 11 1
201
1
MADUKARAI 904 29 5 5 L4 3238 5 6 157 49 4 36 1 1629 50 1665 6 2176 12 6 27.03 5 2.65 5
9 3
KATTERY 429 12 5 6 L5 1710 6 7 662 39 4 104 6 944 55 1048 7 1005 6 7 24.37 6 2.69 5
2
NETTAPAKKAM 633 22 6 6 L4 2441 6 6 960 39 4 66 3 1415 58 1481 6 1523 9 6 21.68 6 2.59 5
1
SELIAMEDU 598 13 6 6 L4 2397 6 6 134 56 3 43 2 1012 42 1055 7 1416 8 6 21.63 6 2.71 6
4 2
KARIAMANIKKA 768 20 6 6 L4 2625 6 6 172 66 2 44 2 861 33 905 7 1848 10 6 20.87 6 2.76 6
M 5 0
MANGALAM 432 13 6 6 L5 1746 6 7 724 41 4 45 3 977 56 1022 7 1027 6 7 20.27 6 2.67 5
0
KALITHIRTHALK 886 16 6 6 L4 3345 5 6 167 50 4 68 2 1604 48 1672 6 2074 12 6 19.37 6 2.67 5
UPPAM 2 3
KARAYAMPUTH 451 10 5 7 L5 1763 6 7 129 74 2 16 1 448 25 464 7 1069 6 7 17.90 6 2.79 6
UR 8 9
ARIYUR 875 23 6 5 L4 3488 5 6 140 40 4 72 2 2010 58 2082 6 2082 12 6 17.70 6 2.67 5
8 6
EMBALAM 833 13 6 6 L4 3441 5 6 184 54 3 59 2 1538 45 1597 6 2004 11 6 17.64 6 2.72 6
1 4
KORKADU 341 10 5 7 L5 1314 7 7 695 53 3 33 3 586 45 619 7 822 5 7 16.89 6 2.66 5
8
ODIAMPET 133 25 5 5 L3 774 7 5 71 9 7 16 2 687 89 703 7 3177 18 5 16.81 6 2.46 4
65
THIRUVANDARK 707 18 6 6 L4 2628 6 6 803 31 5 52 2 1773 67 1825 6 1657 9 6 16.47 6 2.54 4
OIL 8
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VILLAGE NAME Exis Den PP PP Class Workf WF - WF Wor W PRI Workf W Workf W Workf SEC Existi Exis HH Comp Or AVER LEVEL
ting sity- H H- of orce CLASS - k FD M- orce FD orce_ FD orce - ng ting - osite der AGE OF
Pop- PPH- 20 20 Settle Popul 2011- CLA forc - RA Distri - Distri - Distri TE House HH 20 Index of RATI URBANIS
201 2011 11 36- ment ation RANK SS- e P NK- Secon S Terti_ T Secon RI- hold - %- 11- Set NG ATION -
1 RA RA 2011 203 Dist % 201 2011 % 011 % & Teri RA 2011 201 RA tle SCAL RANK -
NK NK 6 ri - 1 - - 2011 NK- 1 NK Ru E 2011
Prim 20 20 20 201 ral
ary 11 11 11 1
201
1
MANAPATTU 822 13 6 6 L4 2921 6 6 112 38 5 39 1 1762 60 1801 6 1947 11 6 14.53 6 2.54 4
7 0
URUVAIYARU 456 25 5 5 L5 1486 7 7 483 33 5 39 3 964 65 1003 7 1086 6 7 14.08 6 2.57 5
8
POORANANKUP 676 17 6 6 L4 2681 6 6 622 23 6 15 1 2044 76 2059 6 1657 9 6 13.56 6 2.50 4
PAM 6
VADHANUR 492 14 6 6 L5 2079 6 7 146 70 2 62 3 557 27 619 7 1153 7 6 13.05 6 2.76 6
5 0
KOODAPAKKAM 714 22 6 6 L4 2782 6 6 121 44 4 38 1 1530 55 1568 6 1699 10 6 11.59 7 2.63 5
7 4
PILLAYARKUPPA 530 11 5 7 L4 1702 6 7 320 19 6 46 3 1336 78 1382 7 1257 7 6 10.93 7 2.62 5
M 9
SORAPET 511 12 5 6 L4 2037 6 6 139 68 2 41 2 604 30 645 7 1196 7 6 9.42 7 2.82 6
0 2
THONDAMANAT 409 13 6 6 L5 1405 7 7 380 27 5 50 4 975 69 1025 7 972 6 7 8.37 7 2.59 5
HAM 0
KIZHUR 295 9 5 7 L5 1167 7 7 598 51 4 15 1 554 47 569 7 702 4 7 8.30 7 2.65 5
5
ABISHEKAPAKK 712 23 6 6 L4 2432 6 6 770 32 5 27 1 1635 67 1662 6 1745 10 6 8.24 7 2.58 5
AM 4
KODATHUR 360 10 5 7 L5 1682 6 7 119 71 2 39 2 444 26 483 7 844 5 7 8.04 7 2.82 6
5 9
SATHAMANGAL 297 14 6 6 L5 1300 7 7 583 45 4 8 1 709 55 717 7 708 4 7 7.91 7 2.63 5
AM 7
MANAMEDU 234 11 5 7 L5 734 7 7 528 72 2 11 1 195 27 206 7 555 3 7 7.91 7 2.74 6
5
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VILLAGE NAME Exis Den PP PP Class Workf WF - WF Wor W PRI Workf W Workf W Workf SEC Existi Exis HH Comp Or AVER LEVEL
ting sity- H H- of orce CLASS - k FD M- orce FD orce_ FD orce - ng ting - osite der AGE OF
Pop- PPH- 20 20 Settle Popul 2011- CLA forc - RA Distri - Distri - Distri TE House HH 20 Index of RATI URBANIS
201 2011 11 36- ment ation RANK SS- e P NK- Secon S Terti_ T Secon RI- hold - %- 11- Set NG ATION -
1 RA RA 2011 203 Dist % 201 2011 % 011 % & Teri RA 2011 201 RA tle SCAL RANK -
NK NK 6 ri - 1 - - 2011 NK- 1 NK Ru E 2011
Prim 20 20 20 201 ral
ary 11 11 11 1
201
1
KURUMBAPET 195 54 3 3 L3 11404 1 3 104 9 7 233 2 10125 89 10358 1 4637 26 4 7.71 7 2.52 4
06 6
KUNITCHAMPET 569 11 7 7 L4 2293 6 6 121 53 3 59 3 1015 44 1074 7 1332 8 6 7.28 7 2.72 6
2 9
OUSSUDU 322 5 7 7 L5 1179 7 7 486 41 4 14 1 679 58 693 7 767 4 7 7.04 7 2.62 5
7
PANDASHOZHA 564 13 6 6 L4 2539 6 6 188 74 2 13 1 638 25 651 7 1357 8 6 7.04 7 2.79 6
NOOR 3 8
UTCHIMEDU 395 13 6 7 L5 1386 7 7 760 55 3 14 1 612 44 626 7 937 5 7 6.95 7 2.68 5
9
THIRUKANCHI 420 9 7 7 L5 1589 6 7 702 44 4 81 5 806 51 887 7 1000 6 7 6.89 7 2.68 5
7
SANYASIKUPPA 237 7 7 7 L5 944 7 7 558 59 3 5 1 381 40 386 7 556 3 7 5.86 7 2.66 5
M 5
ARANGANOOR 242 11 7 7 L5 1089 7 7 834 77 2 11 1 244 22 255 7 574 3 7 5.73 7 2.70 6
6
ERIPAKKAM 470 17 6 6 L5 1860 6 7 119 64 3 13 1 651 35 664 7 1131 6 7 5.62 7 2.75 6
3 6
KURUVINATHA 728 15 6 6 L4 2826 6 6 199 71 2 29 1 801 28 830 7 1725 10 6 5.60 7 2.79 6
M 9 6
SUTHUKENY 263 6 7 7 L5 1193 7 7 800 67 2 6 1 387 32 393 7 617 3 7 4.73 7 2.70 6
7
THETTHAMPAK 210 13 6 6 L5 801 7 7 394 49 4 34 4 373 47 407 7 494 3 7 4.60 7 2.63 5
KAM 9
RAMANATHAPU 284 9 7 7 L5 1204 7 7 624 52 3 14 1 566 47 580 7 675 4 7 4.51 7 2.66 5
RAM 1
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VILLAGE NAME Exis Den PP PP Class Workf WF - WF Wor W PRI Workf W Workf W Workf SEC Existi Exis HH Comp Or AVER LEVEL
ting sity- H H- of orce CLASS - k FD M- orce FD orce_ FD orce - ng ting - osite der AGE OF
Pop- PPH- 20 20 Settle Popul 2011- CLA forc - RA Distri - Distri - Distri TE House HH 20 Index of RATI URBANIS
201 2011 11 36- ment ation RANK SS- e P NK- Secon S Terti_ T Secon RI- hold - %- 11- Set NG ATION -
1 RA RA 2011 203 Dist % 201 2011 % 011 % & Teri RA 2011 201 RA tle SCAL RANK -
NK NK 6 ri - 1 - - 2011 NK- 1 NK Ru E 2011
Prim 20 20 20 201 ral
ary 11 11 11 1
201
1
PANAYADIKUPP 131 6 7 7 L5 692 7 7 604 87 1 7 1 81 12 88 7 311 2 7 4.44 7 2.75 6
AM 6
OLAIVAIKAL 122 5 7 7 L5 640 7 7 277 43 4 6 1 357 56 363 7 291 2 7 4.18 7 2.62 5
4
SELLIPET 289 11 7 7 L5 1189 7 7 746 63 3 13 1 430 36 443 7 677 4 7 3.77 7 2.66 5
3
KUPPAM 273 9 7 7 L5 1289 7 7 939 73 2 27 2 323 25 350 7 639 4 7 3.51 7 2.70 6
1
PARIKKALPATT 383 10 7 7 L5 1814 6 7 151 83 1 4 0 298 16 302 7 908 5 7 3.44 7 2.83 6
U 5 2
THIMMANAICKE 347 7 7 7 L5 1442 7 7 960 67 2 7 0 475 33 482 7 852 5 7 3.35 7 2.70 6
NPALAYAM 9
KARASOOR 175 6 7 7 L5 669 7 7 98 15 6 12 2 559 84 571 7 417 2 7 3.09 7 2.54 4
2
THUTIPET 939 3 7 7 L5 389 7 7 141 36 5 6 2 242 62 248 7 223 1 7 3.09 7 2.58 5
PILLAYARKUPPA 274 12 7 6 L5 1059 7 7 449 42 4 16 2 594 56 610 7 652 4 7 3.09 7 2.62 5
M 4
PERUNGALUR 176 12 7 6 L5 715 7 7 374 52 3 23 3 318 44 341 7 420 2 7 3.09 7 2.66 5
5
IRULANSANTHI 167 9 7 7 L5 567 7 7 325 57 3 5 1 237 42 242 7 395 2 7 3.09 7 2.66 5
0
MANALIPET 124 11 7 7 L5 527 7 7 362 69 2 9 2 156 30 165 7 291 2 7 2.35 7 2.70 6
4
CHETTYPET 182 7 7 7 L5 713 7 7 387 54 3 5 1 321 45 326 7 426 2 7 2.09 7 2.66 5
2
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VILLAGE NAME Exis Den PP PP Class Workf WF - WF Wor W PRI Workf W Workf W Workf SEC Existi Exis HH Comp Or AVER LEVEL
ting sity- H H- of orce CLASS - k FD M- orce FD orce_ FD orce - ng ting - osite der AGE OF
Pop- PPH- 20 20 Settle Popul 2011- CLA forc - RA Distri - Distri - Distri TE House HH 20 Index of RATI URBANIS
201 2011 11 36- ment ation RANK SS- e P NK- Secon S Terti_ T Secon RI- hold - %- 11- Set NG ATION -
1 RA RA 2011 203 Dist % 201 2011 % 011 % & Teri RA 2011 201 RA tle SCAL RANK -
NK NK 6 ri - 1 - - 2011 NK- 1 NK Ru E 2011
Prim 20 20 20 201 ral
ary 11 11 11 1
201
1
VAMBUPET 111 6 7 7 L5 546 7 7 446 82 1 3 1 97 18 100 7 260 1 7 2.09 7 2.75 6
1
MANAKUPPAM 125 33 5 5 L5 503 7 7 306 61 3 4 1 193 38 197 7 298 2 7 2.09 7 2.69 5
4
KADUVANUR 819 8 7 7 L5 337 7 7 236 70 2 1 0 100 30 101 7 194 1 7 2.09 7 2.70 6
PUDUKUPPAM 221 8 7 7 L5 1050 7 7 691 66 2 22 2 337 32 359 7 517 3 7 1.00 7 2.70 6
1
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
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PROPOSAL REPORT
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
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PROPOSAL REPORT
Puducherry Planning Authority
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Puducherry Planning Authority
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Table 12-16 Magnitude of Relationship
S. No Correlation Value “ r” Magnitude of relationship
1. -1 to -0.5 Strong Negative
2. 0.5 to 1 Strong Positive
3. -0.5 to -0.3 Moderate Negative
4. 0.3 to 0.5 Moderate Positive
5. -0.3 to -0.1 Weak Negative
6. 0.1 to 0.3 Weak Positive
7. 0 No relationship
Source: Correlation Theory (Statistics)
12.4.1.3.3 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH FORM BETWEEN THE EXISTING
MUNICIPALITIES & COMMUNES BASED ON THE DISTANCE
Table 12-17 Morphological analysis of growth form between the existing CBD to Municipalities & Communes
using correlation technique
Municipalities / Commercial Distance x2 y2 X*Y
S. No Commune area in from
Panchayat Hectares - X Existing
CBD area
-Y
1. Puducherry 85 1 7225 1 85
Municipality
2. Oulgaret 82 7.5 6724 56.25 615
Municipality
3. Ariyankuppam 27 4.5 729 20.25 121.5
4. Villianur 33 7.5 1089 56.25 247.5
5. Mannadipet 34 27 1156 729 918
6. Bahour 26 18 676 324 468
7. Nettapakkam 10 26 100 676 260
8. Total 297 91.5 17699 1862.75 2715
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This model was developed for American cities and had limited applicability elsewhere.
The model does not take into account any physical barriers and gentrification - which may
occur in the cities.
It does not address local urban politics and forces of globalization.
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Higher levels of access meant higher land values; therefore, many commercial activities
would be carried on in the central business districts, but manufacturing units would be
developed in a wedge surrounding transportation routes.
Residential areas would grow in a wedge-shaped pattern with a sector of low-income
housing bordering manufacturing/industrial sectors (traffic, noise and pollution would make
these areas least desirable), while middle and high income households would be located as
far away as possible from manufacturing industrial units.
DISADVANTAGES :
The theory is based on nineteenth century transport and does not make allowances for
private cars that enable commuting from cheaper land outside city boundaries. This
occurred in Calgary in the 1930’s when many near-slums were established outside the city
but close to the termini of the street car lines. These are now incorporated into the city
boundary but are pockets of low cost housing in medium cost areas.
No reference is given to out of town development.
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The concepts may not be totally applicable to oriental cities with different cultural, economic
and political backgrounds.
2. The size of the metropolis – a larger metropolis may have more and larger realms.
3. The amount of economic activity within each realm – a determinant of the area it can serve and
hence its size.
4. The transport infrastructure available within each realm – an easily accessible economic core
increases the area of influence and thus size of each realm.
Transport infrastructure between realms – e.g. circumferential links (such as freeways) and airports
such that people no longer have to travel to the CBD and its central realm in order to travel to other
realms and to another metropolis. If a realm can become more important in this manner, then it
may increase in importance. E.g. West Los Angeles is within easy reach of the LAX airport (along
the freeway) but to travel by train residents have to travel to the CBD (by bus or car).
ADVANTAGES :
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This model helps make use of all of the areas of the city
DISADVANTAGES:
If a model fails, then the city displays a large amount of urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is the
uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. Urban areas will expand into previously rural areas.
DISADVANTAGES:
The theory doesn’t incorporate the temporal aspect in the development of central places.
The theory is good for agricultural regions but not industrial or postindustrial regions.
lose its agricultural area. Central place theory is also not applicable to Puducherry as it is good for
agricultural regions.
Multiple Nuclei Model is best suited for Puducherry as it has a unique character of non contiguous
land mass. Additionally, the city has already developed a character where the application of this
theory will become inevitable. The Major issues of the city can be solved with Multiple Nuclei Model.
Some of the issues include, the high-level congestion in the boulevard town, increasing urban sprawl
and decreasing agricultural land, haphazard development inside the planning area. Additionally, this
model is flexible and can fit according to the local condition of a city/town. The other major reasons
to adopt the Multi Nuclei Model in Puducherry region are listed below.
Puducherry region possess flat terrain.
Puducherry region is a noncontiguous settlement pattern paves the opportunity to develop
the decentralization model.
The administrative boundaries (noncontiguous settlement pattern) itself create the ways to
decentralize the core activities from Central Business District.
Puducherry region and Tamilnadu regions are sharing the major road network.
Multi Nuclei model allows the even distribution of resources allocations.
12.6 CONCEPTUAL PLAN FOR PUDUCHERRY PLANNING AREA 2036
To achieve the vision and goals set for the planning area it is critical to have a concept, which
illustrates the long-term direction guided by planning principles.
Several considerations were taken into account while formulating the concept for the planning area,
which are listed below.
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Socio-demographic Projections
Current Growth Trends
Level of Urbanisation
Stakeholder Meeting Suggestions
Suggestions from various government organisation, NGOs etc.
Existing Physical & Social Infrastructure
Existing Land Use Analysis & Land Availability for Future Development
Economy of planning area
Govt. Policies & Future Projects
Based on the various analysis and exploration the nodal points are identified for the projected year
2036. The figure 12.26 reveals that the identification of growth centers, growth points and location
for the Multi Modal Transit Centres in Puducherry region. They are detailed in the table 12-20.
Table 12-20 Details of development centers and Nodal points
MULTI NUCLEI MODEL
PUDUCHERRY PLANNING AREA- 2036
S. Development Nodal point
No centers
1 Growth centers Bahour
Nettapakkam
Madagadipet
2 Growth points Kalapet
Sedarapet
Karikalampakkam
Thavalakuppam
3 Transit hubs Villianur
Madagadipet
Puducherry (Mudaliarpet)
Pillayarkuppam
Source: Compiled by Consultant
The planning area currently accommodates 9.5 lakhs of population with a gross density of 32 persons
per hectare and this population is projected to grow to almost 16 Lakhs by 2036. The planning area
have certain inherited nodes like the Boulevard Town, Institutional zones, Municipal areas & its out
growth and the rural hinterland. For ease of planning, the Puducherry Planning Area is divided into
three zones as mentioned below.
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The urbanization observed in the past decades in the Puducherry city has left its marks on the
Boulevard town as well. With increasing population density, deteriorating infrastructure facilities and
quality of life has threatened the most priced heritage feature of the planning area. Many of the
buildings with rich heritage values has made way for new constructions owing to the pressure of
urban growth and constraints of land for development within the boulevard town.
To conserve this rich heritage from any further deterioration it is important to study the boulevard
town as a separate entity within the planning area, which requires special development controls and
heritage sensitive planning approach. Therefore, this area is dealt separately while framing the
proposals for the Puducherry planning area and it is shown in the figure 12.27.
Figure 12.27 Boulevard area -Conservation Zone of Puducherry planning area - 2036
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Figure 12.28 Conurbation area – Densification Zone of Puducherry planning area – 2036
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Hence, commercial zone is proposed along the stretch of NH 45 A falling under Bahour
Commune.
Bahour is situated 15 Km from Puducherry town via ECR and 10 Km via Uruvaiyaru road,
both these roads has ribbon development and potential to develop.
Since the PPA is Non-contiguous area, it is essential to focus on Bahour as self-sustainable
development to the extent which will reduce the generation of trips from Bahour to
Puducherry everyday.
Moreover, the presence of many educational institutions in Kirumampakkam and
Pillayarkuppam, Proposed Special tourism zone in Manapattu village accelerates the scope
of Bahour to function self sufficiently.
The proposal of adventure sports facilities and Oceanarium in Manapattu village will Pull the
population from the near by region especially from Cuddalore and Villupuram which will
further strengthen the development.
Agricultural belt in villages of Irulansandy, Kuruvinatham and Parikalpattu will act as green
zone for Bahour.
Bahour will have the impact of proposed outer ring road and Proposed Industries in
Cuddalore.
12.6.3.2 Madagadipet Growth Centre
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Currently, large area (around 170 ha) in Sedarapet & Karasur (PIPDIC Industrial Estate) is
falling under Industrial category. Availability of land and future population growth
requirements encourage the surrounding area to be developed as an industrial estate
(Industrial General Category) for addressing the industrial land requirement to suffice the
employment opportunities required for the future population.
The initiatives taken by Puducherry government through Industrial policy-2013 will
encourage investments within the Planning Area earmarking land for industrial
development. Also it will aid to strengthen the position of Puducherry as a regional hub in
area of service industry, education, health, food & vegetable processing & automobile
components.
The strong connectivity with SH 136 will facilitate the development of industries, as it will
provide ease of transportation of goods.
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Rank of variables
Densit
y
Second Order Prim AVERA
Commu (Pers LEVEL OF
ary and of Househ ary GE
VILL ne ons TOT URBANISA
Village NAME Tertiar Settlem old secto RATIN
NO. Pancha per AL TION -
y ent rs G
yat hectar 2011
e) SCALE
Weightage of Variables
5 4 3 2 1
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LIST OF VILLAGES EXCLUDING THE GROWTH CENTER, GROWTH POINT & TRANSIT NODES
Rank of variables
Densit
y
Second Order Prim AVERA
Commu (Pers LEVEL OF
ary and of Househ ary GE
VILL ne ons TOT URBANISA
Village NAME Tertiar Settlem old secto RATIN
NO. Pancha per AL TION -
y ent rs G
yat hectar 2011
e) SCALE
Weightage of Variables
5 4 3 2 1
As already mentioned in chapter 12.4, above is the list of villages classified under level of
urbanization. Based on the level of urbanization the villages are classified under 4 levels. The
distribution of land requirement in growth center, growth point, transit nodes and 4 levels of villages
are mentioned below in the table.
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Table 12-23 Distribution of Landuse in Growth Center, Growth Point & Transit Nodes and in Rural Area
Distribution of Landuse in Growth Center, Growth Point & Transit Nodes and in Rural Area – 2036 (Hectares)
Additional area
to be provided Growth center Growth point Transit nodes Rural Villages
S.
Land use classification in outside
No
Conurbation
area 40% 25% 15% L1 - 8% L2-6% L3-4% L4-2%
1 Residential 1878.087 751.235 469.522 281.713 150.247 112.685 75.123 37.562
2 Commercial 39.686 15.874 9.922 5.953 3.175 2.381 1.587 0.794
3 Public-Semi Public 534.222 213.689 133.555 80.133 42.738 32.053 21.369 10.684
4 Industrial 1217.661 487.064 304.415 182.649 97.413 73.060 48.706 24.353
5 Recreational 132.900 53.160 33.225 19.935 10.632 7.974 5.316 2.658
6 Mixed Residential Zone 42.348 16.939 10.587 6.352 3.388 2.541 1.694 0.847
7 Mixed Commercial Zone 58.354 23.342 14.589 8.753 4.668 3.501 2.334 1.167
8 Mixed Industrial Zone 91.259 36.503 22.815 13.689 7.301 5.476 3.650 1.825
9 Traffic & Transportation 865.349 346.140 216.337 129.802 69.228 51.921 34.614 17.307
Total 4859.866 1943.946 1214.966 728.980 388.789 291.592 194.395 97.197
It is assumed that 40% of the land will be required in growth centre, 25% in growth point, 15% in transit nodes and in rural area, 8% in level 1 villages, 6%
in level 2 villages, 4% in level 3 villages and 2% in level 4 villages.
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Table 12-24 Distribution of Landuse in Growth Center, Growth Point & Transit Nodes
Distribution of Landuse in Growth Center, Growth Point & Transit Nodes – 2036 (Hectares)
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH CENTER GROWTH POINT TRANSIT NODES - 10%
CENTERS
S.
N THAVAL KARIKAL
MADAGA NETTAP BAHO SEDARA MADAGA PILLAYA
o VILLAGES/LAN A MAPAKK
DIPET - AKKAM UR - TOTAL PET - TOTAL DIPET - RKUPPA TOTAL
D USE KUPPAM AM -
35% - 30% 35% 30% 50% M - 50%
- 35 % 35%
1 Residential 262.93 225.37 262.93 751.23 164.33 164.33 140.86 469.52 140.86 140.86 281.71
2 Commercial 5.56 4.76 5.56 15.87 3.47 3.47 2.98 9.92 2.98 2.98 5.95
Public-Semi
3 74.79 64.11 74.79 213.69 46.74 46.74 40.07 133.56 40.07 40.07 80.13
Public
4 Industrial 170.47 146.12 170.47 487.06 106.55 106.55 91.32 304.42 91.32 91.32 182.65
5 Recreational 18.61 15.95 18.61 53.16 11.63 11.63 9.97 33.22 9.97 9.97 19.93
Mixed Residential
6 5.93 5.08 5.93 16.94 3.71 3.71 3.18 10.59 3.18 3.18 6.35
Zone
Mixed
7 8.17 7.00 8.17 23.34 5.11 5.11 4.38 14.59 4.38 4.38 8.75
Commercial Zone
Mixed Industrial
8 12.78 10.95 12.78 36.50 7.99 7.99 6.84 22.81 6.84 6.84 13.68
Zone
Traffic &
9 121.15 103.84 121.15 346.13 75.72 75.72 64.90 216.33 64.90 64.90 129.80
Transportation
Total 680.38 583.18 680.38 1943.95 425.24 425.24 364.49 1214.97 364.49 364.49 728.98
Based on the land requirement assumed in table 12-23, detailed land requirement for Madagadipet, Nettapakkam and Bahour growth centers,
Thavalakuppam, Karikalampakkam and Sedarapet growth points and Madagadipet & Pillayarkuppam transit nodes are calculated.
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as Mixed Commercial Zone in the western side of Grand Canal. The northern side of Sardar Patel
Salai road is also proposed as Mixed Commercial Zone up to depth of 50m. The existing land use in
White town (eastern side of Grand Canal) is kept as it is as the buildings are of rich heritage value.
The proposals of SMART City are also incorporated while preparing Comprehensive Development
Plan for Puducherry. Proposals such as Art and Digital Museum Complex at Old Distillery site
(earmarked as Public and Semi-Public Zone), Urban Entertainment Village at Old Port site
(earmarked as Recreational / Tourism Zone), Retail Commercial and Administrative Complex at AFT
Mill Site (Earmarked as Commercial and Public and Semi-Public Zone) are incorporated in the
Comprehensive Development Plan for Puducherry.
The implementation and Urban Design guidelines for Boulevard Town are mentioned in chapter
13.6.2.
Residential
4.56
Commercial
5.40
Public-Semi Public
30.27 12.47
Industrial
0.33
5.59 Recreational/Tourism
Zone
1.60 Mixed Residential Zone
In Boulevard town, total residential area of 10.05 Ha is proposed for development and 11.90 Ha as
commercial development. In case of residential development, no new residential area is proposed;
only the existing residences is to be kept as residential while in case of commercial development,
new commercial areas have been proposed. Stretches along Bussy street, JN Street, Rangapillai
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street etc. are proposed as commercial development. These commercial development is mostly
retail. Wholesale markets are not allowed as a part of decentralisation process of Boulevard Town.
Public & Semi-Public Zone is proposed in 27.49 Ha of land and 0.73 Ha of land is kept for industrial
land use. As explained earlier, boulevard town lacks recreational space, thus 12.33 Ha of land is
proposed as recreational development. Other than that, mixed residential and mixed commercial
development is proposed. The highest area is falling under traffic & transporation category i.e. 67
Ha. This is attributed to the dense road network of the area.
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Commercial area is proposed near Pudupalayam village, Olandai and a small patch near
thattanchavady. Additionally, some commercial area is proposed along the major roads like JN
Street, Busy Street etc.
On ECR, commercial zone is proposed on 100m of both the sides of road from
Ganapathichettikulam to Bahour.
Along the stretch falling in Thavalakuppam village, an overlay zone is proposed where IT
industries are allowed. This is in conformity with the IT policy under which an IT corridor is
proposed from Ganapatichettikulam to Mullodai. However, the potential for development of
IT corridor lies in this stretch due to the existing character of the area.
On NH-45A, from Indhira Gandhi junction to Villianur (till pennaiyar river), Commercial zone
is proposed on both the sides of road till 100 m.
Along Maraimalai Adigal Salai, commercial zone is proposed for width of 100m on both the
side of the road.
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With the rapid growth and expansion of cities, agricultural lands starts declining. Thus, this issue is
meticulously dealt with, by providing dedicated agricultural lands in the planning area. The
agricultural lands are protected till possible extent. Except conurbation area, in rest of the area
agricultural land are proposed to be preserved. As mentioned earlier, Bahour commune has very
fertile agricultural land. Moreover, many large chunks of agricultural lands have been kept intact in
Mannadipet, Nettapakkam and Villianur communes.
Apart from that, underground sewerage network is proposed which will provide clean environment
in the city and will reduce the land pollution, as the drains will be lined. The proposal of scientific
landfill site for solid waste will also reduce the pollution in that area.
Moreover, all the industries shall have to follow the prescribed criteria of Puducherry Pollution Control
Board. The emission and discharge of the effluent has to be in conformity of the specific pollution
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control guidelines. Additionally, with the improved public transportation system more people will use
Public Transport other than private vehicles. This will ultimately reduce the emissions and will
improve the air quality of the area.
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Due to existance of timber based commercial units, mixed commercial zone is porposed along NH
45A in Thavalakuppam growth point. Residential zone is also proposed to cater the future need of
the growth point.
Sedarapet is having ample amount of Industrial area. To cater the future need of employment,
Sedarapet growth point is proposed as Industrial growth point. Industrial zone is also proposed in
Karasoor.
Karikalampakkam growth point is located on the junction of Uruvaiyaru-bahour road and
Nettapakkam-Abhishekapakkam road. Due to such locational advantage, existing mixed residential
development as well as proximity to Villianur, mixed residential zone is proposed in this growth point.
As per government notification, part of Mettupalayam is designated for the purpose of establishing
truck terminal. Hence part of Mettupalayam is proposed as truck terminal. Due to existing railway
station and availability of land, villianur is also proposed as one of the Multi Modal transit Centres.
Madagadipet and Pillayarkuppam are proposed as Multi Modal Transit Centres in Comprehensive
Mobility Plan prepared by Transport Department, Puducherry. Hence this places are proposed as
Multi Modal Transit Centres which will help traffic coming to Puducherry from Villupuram and
Cuddalore.
The wholesale market/godowns are located at Thattanchavdy. Survey no. 242/1A (Part), 242/2A/1A,
242/2A/1B, 242/1C, 242/1D, 242/3, 242/4, 258/1A, 258/2A/1A, 258/2A/1A, 258/2A/1C, 258/2A/1D,
258/2A/2A, 258/2A/2B, 258/4A/1B (Part), 258/4A/1A (Part), 258/4B, 258/5, 259/1, 259/2A,
259/2B/1, 259/2B/2, 259/2B/3A and 259/2B/3B are proposed as wholesale markets/godowns in
thattanchavdy village near Rajiv Gandhi square.
The proposed area for PPA for year 2036 has been worked out based on the URDPFI guidelines for
medium urban centres.
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Table 12-27 Proposed Land Use Area – PPA
Percentage to Percentage
S. No. PLU Classification Area (in Ha.) total developed to the total
area area
1 Residential 5136.93 41.09 17.46
2 Commercial 236.83 1.89 0.80
3 Public-Semi Public 1970.92 15.77 6.70
4 Industrial 1511.5 12.09 5.14
The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 is an act
to protect the rights of urban street vendors and to regulate street vending activities.
As per this act, Town Vending Committee” is to be constituted by the appropriate government. In
the case of Puducherry, Municipality and Commune Panchayat wise, Town Vending Committees are
to be formulated. The Town Vending Committee shall conduct a survey of all existing street vendors,
within the area under its jurisdiction, and subsequent survey shall be carried out at least once in
every five years. Every local authority shall in consultation with the planning authority and on the
recommendations of the Town Vending Committee, once in every five years, prepare a plan to
promote the vocation of street vendors. The plan for street vending prepared by the local authority
shall be submitted to the appropriate Government for approval and that Government shall, before
notifying the plan, determine the norms applicable to the street vendors.
As per this act, the “vending zone” means an area or a place or a location designated as such by
the local authority, on the recommendations of the Town vending committee, for the specific use by
street vendors for street vending and includes footpath, side walk, pavement, embankment, portion
of a street, waiting area for public or any such place considered suitable for vending activities and
providing services to the general public.
The plan for street vending shall contain all the following matters namely:
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Consequential changes needed in the existing master plan, development plan, zonal plan, layout
plan and any other for accommodating street vendors in the designated vending zones.
In the CDP – 2036, as per “The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street
Vending) Act, 2014” dedicated street vending locations are suggested.
As discussed in chapter 1.2.6 Street Vending Zones, the existing street vending activity is
concentrated along the Jawaharlal Nehru Street, along M.G. Road, Bharathi Street and Rangapillai
Street etc. These are daily markets and the type of market differs from vegetable/fish market to
clothes market to fruits market etc. Apart from these daily markets, there are two weekly markets
also. One is along Jawaharlal Nehru and MG road which happens on every Sunday and the other is
in Madagadipet village which happens on every Tuesday.
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By looking at existing street vending locations, street vending locations in Puducherry Planning Area
are suggested. As shown in the map above the street vending locations are proposed near botanical
garden (along Lal Bahadur Shashtree Road), on the eastern side of botanical garden (along existing
vegetable market), in front of Anglo French Textiles (on Marai malai adigal Salai), on Nehru Street.
Apart from this, the street vending locations are also proposed in Kalapet and Pillaichavady village
along ECR. Due to existence of Puducherry University, street vending activity is viable near the
University. Due to existing Villianur Railway Station and proposed Multi Modal Transit Centre, the
street vending is proposed in front of villianur railway station. Street vending activity is also proposed
in madagadipet due to existence of weekly market.
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These roads are further classified into arterial, sub-arterial and major roads. The major roads of
planning area like ECR and NH 45 A are proposed to be 45 & 60 m wide respectively.
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Table 13-1 Existing and Proposed Gross Residential Density for Puducherry Planning Area
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Existing FAR 180 Existing FAR 250 Existing FAR 180 Existing FAR NA
Existing Existing Permissible Existing Permissible Existing Permissible
15m 30m 15 NA
Permissible Height Height Height Height
Proposed FAR 220 Proposed FAR 300 Proposed FAR 250 Proposed FAR 150
Proposed Proposed 40m (with Fire Proposed Permissible Proposed
17m 20m 15m
Permissible Height Permissible Height provisions) Height Permissible Height
As per As per As per as per prevailing
Setbacks prevailing Setbacks prevailing Bye- Setbacks prevailing Setbacks Bye-Laws of
Bye-Laws Laws Bye-Laws Industrial Zone
as per prevailing
Ground Coverage 70% Ground Coverage 45% Ground Coverage 70% Ground Coverage Bye-Laws of
Industrial Zone
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In this use buildings or premises shall be permitted only for the following purposes and
accessory uses:
a. Normally permissible uses:
(i) All activities normally permissible in the Residential use zone, mixed
residential use zone and commercial use zone as prescribed in the
Puducherry Building Bye-Laws and Zoning Regulations, 2012.
b. The uses permitted with the special sanction of the Puducherry Planning
Authority:
(i) All uses that may be permitted in the Residential use zone, Mixed
Residential use zone and commercial use zone with the special sanction of
the Puducherry Planning Authority as prescribed in the Puducherry Building
Bye-Laws and Zoning Regulations, 2012.
Note 1:
Note 2:
In the buffer area around the lake and river wherever the development already occurred
before the notification of CDP for Puducherry 2036 and wherein building plan permits
have already been issued by the Puducherry Planning Authority or regularisation of
plots/layouts have been done by the Puducherry Planning Authority, the same shall be
excluded from the buffer area.
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13.4 LAND POOLING AND PLOT RECONSTITUTION FOR PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
Based on the pattern followed in states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, CDP advocated the use of land
pooling and reconstitution mechanism to manage, service, reconstitute the private land and promote
planned development. The mechanism involves development without acquisition of land involving
land owners as equitable interests in the development process. The entire development cost is
generated out of part sharing of increase in land values due to planned development of the area.
Land is earmarked for roads, open spaces, parks, play grounds and amenities including healthcare
and education. Planning Authority also gets land from the scheme, which is disposed off by the
designated agencies to raise resources to meet the development cost and pay the cost of land,
which is used for public purpose, etc. Land owners get full compensation of land, which is used by
public agencies and shares the cost of development. The scheme is prepared in consultation with
land owners, which minimize the chances of conflict between land owners and the Planning
Authority. Development agency on its parts gets land for roads, open spaces, amenities, etc. free of
cost without resorting to land acquisition. The developed land which is made available to land owners
can be disposed off by him in the open market at a negotiated price fetching him higher returns.
Land Pooling and Redistribution Scheme (Town Planning Scheme)
It is a land development technique undertaken by the land owners who pool their land to receive a
good layout, following a procedure involving:
Notifying an area for Town Planning Scheme.
Pooling of land of different land owners to the Authority.
Preparing a detailed scheme as per the provision of CDP indicating the original and final plots,
roads, open spaces, amenities, involving the land owners.
Redistribution of final plots after charging betterment contribution and paying compensation for
the land used for public purposes, transferred to the local authority.
The role of development authority remains most critical in order to finalise the scheme by involving
land owners, preparing layout plans, getting it approved from land owners and the state
government and ensuring execution of scheme. In the entire process land is developed as per the
plan involving no acquisition of land. This is the major feature which distinguishes Town Planning
Scheme from other modes of land assembly like bulk acquisition or bulk acquisition of selected
land for public amenities. After the Town Planning Scheme is finalized, entire land earmarked for
public purposes involving roads, open spaces, amenities, etc. vests with the local authority without
paying any compensation and is generally called “Land Acquisition without tears”. It makes land
owners also happy because they lose only part of their land used for public purposes and get the
remaining land after planning with freedom of disposal in urban markets. Compensation is also
paid to the land owners for the land which is used for public purpose. However, the scheme has
been found to popular in large cities with adequate demand of land. Scheme has one drawback
that it takes considerable time for finalization. However, the model adopted by state of Gujarat for
speedier framing of T. P. Scheme could be used for formulation of T. P. Scheme on time bound
basis. This method can be considered for adoption by Puducherry Planning Authority after detailed
study of various aspects of the scheme and legal framework required to make these schemes a
reality. It would also require placement of trained manpower to be put in place to frame and
finalise the T.P. Scheme.
Spatial planning of any urban area tends to increase the land value of that area. A further increase
takes place when the actual development works start. It’s a common experience that ULBs excepting
a few municipal corporations lag badly in executing the development works which mainly consist of
basic civic services. This is mainly on account of the paucity of funds. Since the spatial planning and
the development works tend to increase the land prices, it was thought necessary to mop up a part
of the incremental increase in prices for the purpose of carrying of the developmental work.
Traditionally this has been sought to be achieved by levying charges at two stages termed
betterment charges and development charges. As soon as the spatial planning is finalised, the
authorities responsible for spatial planning levies a charge termed as betterment charges.
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Unfortunately, this charge, however, does not lead to any net income for the planning authority.
This is because the entire rationale seems to be individual owners of plot are going to surrender
land owned by them for the development works and therefore, are entitled to some compensation.
The cost of carrying on the planning work will be offset. Therefore virtually speaking there will be
no net income to the planning authority.
Anticipated expenditure for laying of roads and various other civic services. Part of the increment of
land value on account of this is sought to be mocked up by levying the development charges.
However, actual amount generated falls much below the expenditure for levying the services.
Secondly, this charge is levied and collected when a person owning a plot comes for actual
development on that plot. Here also this hardly serves the purpose of effectively providing the fund
backup needed for actually executing development jobs.
The government has therefore in various states has made provision for a part of the land under
development to devolve on the spatial planning authority. The idea is that funds generated by the
sale of the devolved land would be helping the institutions to carry on the development works, if
need be, by borrowing funds from the public finance institutions by putting the sum as margin
money.
The provision of levy of Development Charges is specified in The Pondicherry Town and Country
Planning Act, 1969.
In case the state government agrees to resorting to land pooling methodology for executing town
planning, the suitable provisions can be made for reservation of land for the planning authority for
generating funds needed for actual development. In this context, as is being done in Maharshtra
and Gujarat.
Land Pooling scheme may be adopted for Government land such as GP Land (Government
Poramboke Land), HRI & WAKF Board Land as well as land under custody of local bodies to create
land bank in Puducherry Planning Area.
13.5 VITAL PROJECTS
For the implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan of Puducherry Planning Area, some
of the projects are identified. The table below shows the sector wise location and details of the
projects identified for the Comprehensive Development Plan of Puducherry Planning Area.
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S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
56/1, 56/2, 56/3, 56/4, Puducherry University, Pondicherry Engineering college
56/5, 56/6, 59/1, 60/1, (PEC), Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science,
1 Kalapet
Educational Hub 60/2, 60/3, 60/4, 61/1, Dr.Ambedkar Law college, ect.. are existing in Kalapet and
Social
(Public & Semi- 61/4, 61/5 Pillaichavdy. Both the villages are proposed majorly for
Infrastructure
Public Zone) Educational Hub, for the future expansion of the
2 Pillaichavady 52/5, 170/2B (Part) University, Public and Semi-Public Zone, etc.. is proposed
in these villages.
As per Government Order, the said survey numbers in
Thattanchavdy Revenue village are designated as IT
IT 68 (PART), 69/1, 69/2, SEZ/Electronic Manufacturing Cluster (EMC). The land was
Thattanchavady SEZ/Electronic 69/3, 69/4, 69/5, 70/1, transferred by the Oulgaret Municipality to the Directorate
3
(Mettupalayam) Manufacturing 70/2, 70/3, 70/4, 71/1, of Information Technology for setting up of an IT
Economy Cluster (EMC) 71/2, 71/3 SEZ/Electronioc Manufacturing Cluster (EMC). The land is
classified as Industrial Zone in Proposed Land Use Map
2036.
As Nettapakkam Commune is proposed as Agriculture
Agriculture
4 Nettapakkam 109/5 Growth Centre, Agriculture Research Centre is proposed in
Research Centre
Nettapakkam Village.
Sports Centre is proposed for Indoor Games in
5 Recreation Murungapakkam Sports Centre 22/2 Murungapakkam Village for Recreational activity for the
public.
By looking in to the potential of the place, Adventure
Sports Facility is proposed in Manapattu village. The site is
Adventure 191, 192/1, 192/2, 194,
6 Manapattu designated as Recreational / Tourism Zone zone to keep
Recreation / Sports Facility 195/1, 195/2
the equipments. Tools, machineries, Boats, changing
Tourism rooms, hotels, cafes, restaurants etc.
Development of Oceanarium at Manapattu Revenue
7 Manapattu Oceanarium 187/1, 187/2, 189, 190
Village in Puducherry by National Institute of Ocean
Puducherry Planning Authority
S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Science (MoES),
Government of India.
36/3, 33/1 TO 33/3, 34/1 By looking into the potential to develop the site, the
TO 34/4, 27/1 TO 27/4, surrounding area is Oussudu Lake is proposed for
Oussudu Lake 27/6, 27/7, 11/1 TO 11/3, Recreational purpose. Apart from this, Oussudu Lake is
8 Oussudu
Development 12/1 TO 12/6, 13/1, 57/1 also designated for Bird Sanctuary.
TO 57/5, 58/1 TO 58/5,
59/2 TO 59/4
165/2, 168/2 TO 168/4, Presently there is an absence of Star rated resorts in
Development of 169/1, 170/1, 170/2, Puducherry. Apart from very few Resorts, there are no
9 Kirumampakkam
Star Resort 170/2A, 171/3, 172/1A, high-end Resorts available in Puducherry. To boost the
172/2B Tourism Activity in Puducherry, there is a dire need of
Resorts in Puducherry. The site at beach of
Development of Kirumampakkam and Pillayarkuppam in Bahour Commune
10 Pillayarkuppam 176, 177, 179/1A have strong potential to be developed for Star rated
Star Resort
Resorts.
Bahour Lake
11 Bahour 15
Development
To cater the need of the public for the Recreational
1, 2, 3/1 TO 3/4, 4/1 TO Activity, the surrounding area of Bahour Lake is proposed
Bahour Lake 4/10, 193/1 TO 193/6, 194, for Recreational purpose.
12 Seliamedu
Development 195, 192/1 TO 192/5, 196,
197/1, 200, 201, 202
213/1 TO 213/5, 212/1 TO As Nettapakkam Commune is proposed as Growth Centre,
Eco-Tourism 212/9, 210/4A, 210/4B, Pandashozhanoor village in Nettapakkam Commune is the
13 Pandashozhanoor
Development 211/1, 211/3 TO 211/14, best suitable location to develop the Eco-Tourism.
207/1, 208/1
There are existing star resorts located in Poornankuppam
Development of 48/2, 49, 56, 55, 50/2A,
14 Poornankuppam near the beach. There is a potential to develop further this
Tourism Zone 50/2B, 51/2
area as
Puducherry Planning Authority
S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
To cater the need of the solid waste dumping, the site is
Solid Waste proposed in Ariyankuppam Commune, the site is proposed
15 Poornankuppam 5
Management in Poornankuppam Village after consultation with the
officials of Ariyankuppam Commune Panchayat.
To cater the need of the solid waste dumping, the site is
Solid Waste proposed in Mannadipet Commune, the site is proposed in
16 Madagadipet 106/1
Management Madagadipet Village after consultation with the officials of
Mannadipet Commune Panchayat.
To cater the need of the solid waste dumping, the site is
Solid Waste proposed in Nettapakkam Commune, the site is proposed
17 Nettapakkam 144/3
Management in Nettapakkam Village after consultation with the officials
of Nettapakkam Commune Panchayat.
To cater the need of the solid waste dumping, the site is
Physical Solid Waste proposed in Mannadipet Commune, the site is proposed in
18 Infrastructure Saniyasikuppam 3/3
Management Saniyasikuppam Village after consultation with the officials
of Mannadipet Commune Panchayat.
60/1, 61/2, 62/1, 62/2A, Solid Waste dumping site is already existing in Kurumbapet
Solid Waste
19 Kurumbapet 62/2B, 62/2C, 62/4, 62/5, village.
Dumping Site
62/6
To cater the need of the solid waste dumping, the site is
Solid Waste
proposed in Bahour Commune, the site is proposed in
20 Bahour Energy 94/1, 95/2
Bahor Village after consultation with the officials of Bahour
Processing Unit
Commune Panchayat.
5 MLD DEWATS To cater the need of treatment of Sewage in various
21 Koodapakkam 149/1A, 149/1B
System commune, total of around 45 MLD DEWATS system is
5 MLD DEWATS proposed in Villianur Commune, Ariyankuppam Commune,
22 Thirukanchi 26/6, 26/7 Nettapakkam Commune, Mannadipet Commune and
System
Puducherry Planning Authority
S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
10 MLD 8/3, 10/11B, TO Bahour Commune. DEWATS system is proposed because
10/12
23 Abhishekapakkam it is best suitable for Puducherry. This requires lesser area
DEWATS System 10/16
and implementation cost.
10 MLD 183/3, 182/4, 182/5 TO
24 Parikkalpattu
DEWATS System 182/7A, 182/7B, 203/2
5 MLD DEWATS
25 Pandashozhanoor 227/7
System
10 MLD 3/7B, 3/8, 3/9A, 3/9B,
26 Saniyasikuppam
DEWATS System 3/10A, 3/10B, 3/11 TO 3/18
To cater the need of the future requirement of the
projected population as well as to avoid ground water
Desalination exploitation and absence of any other water source,
27 Pillayarkuppam 172, 186, 188/1
Plant Desalination Plant is proposed at Pillayarkuppam village
near Bay of Bengal from where the raw water can be
fetched.
Demu Stations (Puducherry To Cuddalore Line)
1/1A, 2/2B, 2/3B, 2/3C,
2/4A, 2/4B, 2/4C,
3/3A/1A/12, 3/3A/1A/6,
Demu 3/3A/1A/7, 3/3A/1A/9, 3/4,
Transportation Olandai Station/Multi 3/5, 5/3A, 5/3B, 6/1 TO 6/3,
28
(Mudaliarpet) Model Transit 7/1 TO 7/3, 8/1A TO 8/1C, DEMU stations are proposed as per Comprehensive
and
Communicatio Centre 126/1, 126/2A/1, 126/2A/2, Mobility Plan for Puducherry. The stations are proposed at
n 127/1, 127/2A/1 TO a distance of 500m or 1000-1500m.
127/2A/5, 127/2B,
127/2C/1 TO 127/2C/5
29 Murungapakkam Demu Station 11/1, 11/2
30 Abhishekapakkam Demu Station 131/2 TO 131/4
Puducherry Planning Authority
S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
Thimmanaickenpa
31 Demu Station 95/3
layam
32 Kirumampakkam Demu Station 18/2, 18/3, 19/2
Demu
Station/Multi 37/3, 37/4, 37/6, 37/7,
33 Pillayarkuppam
Model Transit 38/1, 38/2
Centre
34 Manapattu Demu Station 35/2
121/8, 123/1 TO 123/3,
35 Parikkalpattu Demu Station
76/4, 78/1
36 Kuruvinatham Demu Station 177/5, 176/4A/1
Demu Stations (Puducherry To Villupuram Line)
37 Odiampet Demu Station 90/3, 90/4, 90/5, 90/7, 90/8 DEMU stations are proposed as per Comprehensive
132/5, 132/6, 132/8, 132/9, Mobility Plan for Puducherry. The station are proposed at
38 Ossudu Demu Station a distance of 500m or 1000-1500m.
132/10
39 Koodapakkam Demu Station 167/5, 167/6
Madagadipet is proposed as Multi Model Transit Centre in
Transportation Multi Model Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Puducherry. This will ease
40 Madagadipet 55/1 TO 55/3, 55/5, 55/6
And Transit Centre out the transportation needs for who travels to and from
Communicatio Villupuram.
n Railway Station is already existing in Villianur. Apart from
Multi Model
41 Villianur 211/1, 211/3 this it is proposed as Multi Model Transit Centre in
Transit Centre
Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Puducherry.
As per Government Order, the private lands at
Thattanchavady Mettupalayam in Thattanchavdy revenue Village were
42 Truck Terminal 68 (PART)
(Mettupalayam) acquired and handed over to Oulgaret Municipality for the
purpose of establishing Truck Terminal.
Puducherry Planning Authority
S. Category / Proposed
Village Name Survey Number Details / Remarks
No. Sector Projects
7/8A TO 7/8D, 7/7, 7/9B, Industrial area is already existing in Karasoor and
17/1, TO 17/6, 16/1 TO Sedarapet villages. Apart from this, to boost the economy
16/4, 18/1 TO 18/6, 14/1 and employment generation, Industrial area is proposed.
43 Karasoor Transport Nagar
TO 14/5, 19/1, 19/2, 20/1, To cater need of loading unloading facility, servicing,
20/2, 21/1, 21/1 TO 21/4, repairing tools and equipment, Transport Nagar is
21/6 TO 21/8, 22PART proposed.
Proposal of Bus Stand in Saram will ease out the pressure
Proposed Bus
44 Saram 155/2 on existing bus stand. This bus stand is proposed for the
Stand
buses operating for Tindivanam and Chennai.
Puducherry Planning Authority
13.6 PHASING & COSTING
Phasing is done for the development to take place incrementally over the period of time, according
to the financial resources available. Initial projects are to be selected in such a manner that they act
as catalysts for economic growth of the city. Generally, it includes projects such as knowledge cities,
business and high tech parks and commercial centres etc. These will cause huge inflow of people to
the city for education and employment.
For puducherry planning area, the implementation of the proposals is divided into three phases;
short term, Medium term and long term. The proposlas to be implemented in these phases are
described below:
Phase – I Projects
Cost in
Cost in Cost in
Total Phase
Phase I Phase II
S. Projects to be taken up on priority Project III
(2018- (2021-
No. (short term proposals) Cost (In (2026-
2020) 2025)
Cr.) 2036)
(In Cr.) (In Cr.)
(In Cr.)
1 Oussudu lake development 75 50 25
2 Adventure Sports Facility at Manapattu 20.5 20.5
3 Oceanarium at Manapattu 100 50 25 25
Development of Resort in
4 Kirumampakkam & Pillayarkuppam
under Recreational/Tourism Zone 100 50 50
5 Multi modal transit centre at Villianur 25 25
6 Multi Level Car Parking at Central Jail 10.5 10.5
7 Indira Gandhi Flyover 50.4 50.4
8 Rajiv Gandhi Flyover 87.36 87.36
9 Truck Terminal at Mettupalayam 20 20
5 MLD DEWATS system in Villianur
10
Commune (Goodapakkam village) 0.25 0.25
5 MLD DEWATS system in Villianur
11
Commune (Thirukanchi village) 0.25 0.25
Development of Coastal Circuit in
12 'Swadesh Darshan' scheme for
Puducherry 85.28 85.28
13 Development of Heritage Tourism
1.Revitalize streetscape in Boulevard 75 50 25
2.Development of Cultural Complex
with Art and Digital Museum at Old
Distillary 100 75 25
3.Development of Yoga and wellness
centre at Uppalam 75 75
4.Construction of toilet facilities 30 20 10
5.Improvement of tourism building at
Beach road 60 40 20
6.Restore Ananda Ranga Pillai House,
Dumas Church bell-tower & other
heritage buildings 90 40 30 20
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Phase – I Projects
Cost in
Cost in Cost in
Total Phase
Phase I Phase II
S. Projects to be taken up on priority Project III
(2018- (2021-
No. (short term proposals) Cost (In (2026-
2020) 2025)
Cr.) 2036)
(In Cr.) (In Cr.)
(In Cr.)
7.Beautification and improvement of
Nehru Street 50 30 20
8.Development of Franco-Tamil village
in Ariyankuppam Commune 60 35 25
Phase – II Projects
Cost in
Cost in Cost in
Total Phase
Phase I Phase II
Sr. Projects to be taken up on priority Project III
(2018- (2021-
No. (Medium term proposals) Cost (In (2026-
2020) 2025)
Cr.) 2036)
(In Cr.) (In Cr.)
(In Cr.)
Two multi modal transit centres are to
1 be developed in the second phase at
Pillaiyarkuppam & Madagadipet 50 50
2 Beautification of Grand Canal 110.25 80 30.25
Multi Level Car Parking at SETC Depot
3
& New Bus Stand 21 21
4 Development of Bahour lake 12 12
5 Provision of bus stand at Saram 35 35
Development of Cold Storage,
6 Agricultural tool and equipment
repairing and allied activities 5 5
10 MLD DEWATS system in
7 Ariyankuppam Commune
(Abhishekapakkam village) 0.5 0.5
10 MLD DEWATS system in Bahour
8
Commune (in Parikkalpattu village) 0.5 0.5
Development of Spiritual Circiut
(Development of Infrastructure at
Varadaraja Perumal Temple,
Vedapureeswarar Temple, Gangai
9
Varaga Natheeswarar Temple,
Thirukanchi, St.Vinorpu Annai Church,
Nellithope and Sri Thirukameeswarar
Kokilambigai Temple in Villianur) 200 100 50 50
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Phase – III Projects
Cost in
Cost in Cost in
Total Phase
Phase I Phase II
Sr. Projects to be taken up on priority Project III
(2018- (2021-
No. (long term proposals) Cost (In (2026-
2020) 2025)
Cr.) 2036)
(In Cr.) (In Cr.)
(In Cr.)
1 Development of Transport Nagar 25 25
2 Development of Desalination Plant
(41.37 MLD) 320 120 100 100
Multi Level Car Parking at Railway
3
Station 10.5 10.5
Agriculture Reaserch Centre at
4
Nettapakkam 3.5 3.5
Development of eco-village tourism at
5
Nettapakkam 50 50
Development of Tourism Zone in
6 Thavalakuppam (near
Poornankuppam) 100 100
5 MLD DEWATS system in
7 Nettapakkam Commune
(Pandashozhanoor Village) 0.5 0.5
10 MLD DEWATS system in
8 Mannadipet Commune
(Saniyasikuppam village) 0.5 0.5
Total Cost 2058.79 1039.54 559.25 460
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Table 13-5 New Roads (New / Missing Linkages) Phasing and Costing
Area of Cost of Average Cost of Acquisition
S. Road Name (New/missing Proposed Road
Acquisition New Road GLR as per Average GLR Phase
No. Linkages) width length
(Ha.) (INR) Value/Ha. Value
New Alignment of NH 45A passing
from Ariyur, Mangalam, Uruvaiyaru,
PHASE -
1 Perungalur, Aranganur, Seliamedu, 45m 11363m 51.13 1,406,075,000 8246573.274 421,647,291.50
Bahour, Parikkalpattu &
I
Kuruvinatham
Road starting from
Pitchaveeranpattinam – Moolakulam PHASE -
2 15m 208m 0.31 7,750,000 31754500.000 9,843,895.00
road and merging with housing II
layout
Road starting from the junction
of 24m and 18m proposed to be
widened roads in Irulansanthi PHASE -
3 24m 839m 2.01 52,260,000 3964545.455 7,968,736.36
and meeting junction of 24m and II
18m proposed to be widened
roads in Bahour
Road starting from 15m
proposed to be widened road PHASE -
4 15m 879m 1.32 33,000,000 6932564.047 9,150,984.54
and meeting 18m proposed to be III
widened road in Kirumampakkam
Road starting from housing
layout and meeting 18m PHASE -
5 15m 368m 0.55 13,750,000 5810000.000 3,195,500.00
proposed to be widened road in III
Pillayarkuppam
Road starting from housing
layout and meeting 18m PHASE -
6 15m 561m 0.84 21,000,000 5085000.000 4,271,400.00
proposed to be widened road in III
Manapattu
Road starting from 18m
proposed to be widened road PHASE -
7 18m 505 0.91 22,750,000 4360000.000 3,967,600.00
and meeting 24m proposed to be III
widened road in Bahour
Puducherry Planning Authority
value is worked out to be 1215 Cr. and cost of land acquisition would be around 1706 Cr. hence total cost of road widening proposals would be around
2921 Cr.
Table 13-6 Road widening Phasing and Costing
Proposed Area of Cost of Road Average Cost of Acquisition
Existing Road
S. No. Road Name to be Acquisition Widening GLR as per Average GLR Phase
Width length
widened (Ha.) (INR) Value/Ha. Value
Entire NH 45A passing 15, 21,
1 11520m 60m 32.26 88,71,50,000 43290026.6 1,39,65,36,256.56 PHASE - I
through PPA 60m
Aruparthapuram to
2 Mudaliarpet (NH 45A 21m 4126m 60m 16.09 44,24,75,000 163570987 2,63,18,57,178.85 PHASE - I
bypass)
Road from Indira Gandhi
3 Square to Olavaikal Bus 6, 9, 15m 6130m 18m 4.9 12,25,00,000 96377413 47,22,49,323.65 PHASE – I
Stop
Internal 3 Roads of
PHASE - I,
4 Sulthanpet in 6, 9, 12m 4649m 15m 2.79 6,97,50,000 45215782.4 12,61,52,032.80
PHASE – II
Kurumbapet
Entire East Coast Road
5 (ECR) passing through 24, 30m 18246m 45 m 32.84 90,31,00,000 137974136 4,53,10,70,628.40 PHASE - II
PPA
NH 66 – Rajiv Gandhi
6 30m 2402m 60m 7.21 19,82,75,000 177610334 1,28,05,70,505.92 PHASE - II
square to Gorimedu
Vazhudavoor Road till
7 9, 12, 15m 22240m 18m 13.34 33,35,00,000 44645420.5 59,55,69,908.83 PHASE - II
Vadhanur
Villianur to 6, 9, 15,
8 7350m 18m 4.41 11,02,50,000 63927169 28,19,18,815.29 PHASE - II
Murungapakkam 18m
Road from
Thethampakkam,
9 9m 4203m 18m 3.78 9,45,00,000 4436778.79 1,67,71,023.84 PHASE – II
Pillayarkuppam to
Ramanathapuram
Puducherry Planning Authority
The revenue generation for Puducherry Municipal Corporation shall be as mentioned below.
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13.7.1 LAND BASED FINANCING MECHANISMS
Apart from the government grants or development funds from the upper tiers of government, the
ULBs would require adequate funds from their own sources to meet the objectives of facilitating
urban development. Thus, it is inevitable for any local body to generate revenue. Table below shows
categorywise sources of revenue of ULBs in India. Most of the ULBs use tax sources and grants to
finance their activities, while the other sources of revenue are often ignored or not tapped to the
potential that exists. For example, public debt available from market – both institutional and
individual/retail investors – is rarely accessed to finance the creation of new urban development
infrastructure.
Municipal Resource mobilization needs not only strengthening the existing revenue sources but
also using other sources of revenue. Therefore, both conventional and non-conventional sources
need to be tapped to the extent possible within the City. The ULBs may benchmark their levy and
utilization with reference to the better performing peers within the State as well as outside it. The
ULBs may use the general principles of users pay, beneficiaries pay and polluters pay to the
justification such that the citizens are well aware of the need for their contribution towards larger
societal cause. Table below shows conventional and non-conventional resources that can be
tapped by the ULBs.
2 Water Supply Related Water Charges Water Supply Donations, Water Supply
Connection Charges, Water Benefit
Tax, Water Betterment Charges
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S. Service Revenue Conventional Non-Conventional Source
No. Source Source
Source: Mohanty P.K., ‘Finansing Urban Infrastructure: Some innovative Practices of Resource
Mobilisation, CGG working paper, June 2003
Change of Land Use Charges for change of land use from one use to another: The
landuse conversion charge is determined by the newly permitted landuse of that area which
is capable of yielding a better income for the land owner.
The Puducherry Town & Country Planning Act, 1969 provides for levying Development
Charges on landowners. Where permission for a change in the use or development of any
land or building is granted in the whole or any part of the planning area, and such change
or development is capable of yielding a better income to the owner, the Planning Authority
may levy a charge not exceeding 1/3rd of the estimated increase in the value of the land or
building in the prescribed manner for permitting such change in use or development.
FAR: Intensity of land utilization depending upon Floor Area Ratio (FAR). Higher FAR means
higher order of charges to be paid –tradable FAR.
Internal Development Charges and External Development Charges (IDC and
EDC):
Instrument of development charges have been used extensively to recover the cost of
providing new service and infrastructure in areas proposed to be covered by Development
Plans. This mechanism has helped in providing development within the approved colonies in
terms of roads, water supply, sewerage, sanitation, drainage, electricity etc. besides the
social infrastructures involving education, health care, landscape etc. without involving any
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cost to the Planning Authority as these costs are loaded as integrated part of pricing of
developed plots which are made available to people after development.
In addition to internal development charges, charges for external development are also
collected by development agencies. These charges include the cost of providing city level
services involving arterial / ring roads, bypasses, under bridges /over bridges, water
treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, major electrical network, trunk services, city level
healthcare, education and other services. This is done through the process of working out
total cost of development, as per the proposals defined in the development in the master
plan. Based on the total developed area under different uses, external development cost is
worked on the unit basis of area which is then charged from the developers while granting
permission for development. External Development Charges (EDC) is then pooled in the City
Development Fund which is then used for funding various projects prepared as per the
provisions of the development plan.
Vacant land taxes: levied on vacant land kept within the urban limits to minimize
speculation and raise money on account of non-utilization of urban services.
Tax on land value increase: Land values continue to increase in urban context due to
various development projects undertaken by the Planning Authority (for eg. Comprehensive
Development Plan) and economic phenomenon of rise in general prices. A basic objective of
Land Value Increment Tax is to capture some of this increase for the benefits of the
community. This kind of tax is widely used in numbers of countries including Italy, Malaysia,
Australia, Korea, Canada and New Zealand.
Planning Charges: Since preparation of master plan, zonal plan and working out detailed
schemes and granting planning permission involves expenditure on the part of Planning
Authority, accordingly they can be recovered as integral part of the planning permission so
as to raise resources. Further, this approach will help in effective implementation of the
Master Plan through increased intervention of planning system.
Sale or lease of publicly held land: Public land assets are sold to private parties. This
mechanism requires a detailed inventory of government land, market valuation and strategic
decisions about the best use of a particular land. Auctions shall be open for the disposal of
land. The provision for this mechanism is given in Section 52 of Puducherry Town and
Country Planning Act 1969 and Section 72 of Puducherry Town and Country Planning Rules.
Remunerative Projects: Planning Authority should take up remunerative projects which
augment financial positions and generate revenue for the Authority and subsequently social
infrastructure projects can be taken up out of the funds generated from the same. Income
from remunerative projects is in the form of rental income from properties like shopping
complexes, market fees, parking fee and income from other real assets owned by the PPA.
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The ULBs need to exploit various land based revenues, which have greater implication to urban
growth and development and concomitant problems like slum formation, redevelopment,
rehabilitation and resettlement. The funds realized from land based revenue sources can be
effectively deployed for the improvement of urban poor people living in the slum areas. Several of
these sources may already exist in the ULBs but the potential of the same may not have been
exploited to fullest extent. Also, there are several other forms of revenues (or, variants of revenues)
that need to be tapped and exploited.
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Working of parking meter?
Park the car in the bay, insert money into the meter
depending on the time limit, obtain the parking
ticket.
Punch in the license number, data, starting time
and ending time.
Leave the ticket inside the car on the windscreen.
If parking time exceeds 2 hours or if the ticket is
not placed in the car, traffic police will tow away
the vehicle and a fine of Rs. 500 will be levied.
Results
There are a total of nearly 85 parking bays, accommodating approximately 1623 cars
in a day on rotation.
The revenue generated is three times that of the old system.
Fifty percent of the revenue generated goes to BMC as its share and the balance is
used by the BSEA for maintenance of the parking meters, paying the guards, pave
ment maintenance etc.
Key Learning’s
Introduction of technological tools in governance enables ULB to keep pace with the changing
times.
This project can be used in any city/town where unmanageable parking has been an
issue.
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Public- Private Partnership for Road Infrastructure Development - Ahmedabad
Sardar Patel ring road in Ahmedabad demonstrates how PPP
models can be used effectively for city Infrastructure
development. AUDA has managed to implement a project of such
large scale in a brief period of time and set an example for other
Development Authorities and ULBs to replicate this success story.
Ahmedabad Urban development Authority (AUDA) has developed
BOT model to carry out Phase-II development of Ring road.
Private Sector was involved for all technical inputs from initial
stage of the project including Planning, technical and financial
feasibility studies, surveys, detailed design, construction,
supervision and construction quality control to achieve
efficiency.
Private participation was involved for following work:
Junction development Other PPP Initiatives
Plantation along the road of AUDA
Toll tax collection 1. Junction board and
signage development
Signage development
2. Pay and use toilet
BOT Model use for Ring road: facilities
BOT model shows an integrated partnership between AUDA 3. Housing for the poor
and the private party, enabling AUDA to transfer responsibility 4. Mechanized parking
of design, procurement, construction, operation and maintenance 5. Garden Maintenance
of the road and its facilities to the private party.
The private company generates revenue by collecting Other PPP Initiatives
fees in the form of toll tax from people using the ring of AUDA
road during the operation and maintenance period. 6. Junction board and
Key Learning’s: signage development
A participatory approach results in creation of urban 7. Pay and use toilet
facilities
infrastructure in a rapid and efficient manner.
8. Housing for the poor
Professional approach to planning and 9. Mechanized parking
implementation of infrastructure projects. 10.Garden Maintenance
Land development through TP scheme leads to an equitable and easy mechanism to acquire land
for infrastructure project.
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Junctions developed with private Signage’s developed along the ring Junctions developed with private
partnership road with private partnership partnership
Key Learning-
Given the will of the local government and that of an inspired leadership, it is not only possible
Strategies Adopted-
to
involve thedecided
Residents citizens to
in collectively
management of civic
apply affairs butofalso
the principle to ‘R’s,
three manage social change.
‘reduce-reuse-recycle’
An entry-level activity along
for small
with institutions
segregationcan actually
of waste promote
at the source.sustainable environmental
management. Adoption and beautification of locality by developing greenery.
Control the activities of Hawkers.
Encourage environment friendly activities like water harvesting.
Liaise with the local ward office of MCGM for redressal of problems/grievances/obtaining
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permissions.
Display hoardings, signboards and have cards to identify ALMs and their workers.
MCGM to coordinate between ALMs and other authorities like Police, electricity &
Puducherry Planning Authority
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13.8 RECOMMENDATIONS & PLANNING POLICY
To derive the planning policy for implementation of traffic & transportation proposals, issues of this
sector should be kept in to consideration. Key issues found across the planning area are not upto
the mark designed intersections, lack of road hierarchy, absences of dedicated sufficient parking
space around key institutions & nodes, bottlenecks along major roads and pedestrian traffic conflict
issues.
By looking into the future demand for the roads for the projected population, the roads proposed
for widening are proposed in such a way that it minimizes disturbances to the surrounding plot
owners. The road widening is proposed within the FMB with maximum possible manner. The new
linkages are proposed wherever the missing links are identified. It is also proposed in such a manner
that it does not disturb surrounding settlement. The proposals for road widening and new linkages
are described in detail in chapter 5.8. Proposals are also given in synchronization with the
Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP). Peripheral outer ring road, inner ring road and missing link
roads are proposed to connect the different enclaves to avoid the haphazard traffic flow of
Puducherry region. These proposed roads are identified and studied extensively on the ground,
analyzed and verified such that the maximum length of the roads falls under the jurisdiction of
Government of Puducherry. To enhance the orderly growth through the transportation network
system TOD concepts is also applied to have the sustainable development in the study region.
Proposals of Public Transportation, Transit nodes, road widening proposals, proposal for new
linkages are adopted from CMP. Parking locations are identified in Boulevard area to manage the
traffic congestion within Boulevard area. The area of central jail is already used as parking area
presently.
The other proposals of Traffic & Transportation sector such as transit nodes should be implemented
through Land acquisition under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (LARR). The proposals of road widening, new
linkages and parking are to be implemented through the said act.
To derive the planning policy for implementation of proposals of Public & Semi Public uses, issues
of this sector should be kept in to consideration. Looking in to the broader level, Puducherry Planning
Area is having sufficient educational and healthcare facilities. JIPMER, Pondicherry University, Rajiv
Gandhi Hospital etc. are very renowned institutions of National level existing in Puducherry. The
villages of the planning area are also having sufficient health and educational facilities. For the future
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requirement of the projected population, Public & Semi Public land uses are proposed in planning
area.
The Public & Semi Public land uses are proposed on Government Land for easy implementation of
public services. This will minimize the hurdles faced during land transaction. As Public & Semi Public
land uses are proposed on Government Land, it will be executed at a faster rate. For proposals
earmarked over HRI and WAKF board land, concerned authority such as Education Department,
Health Department, PWD, Police Department, Fire Department etc. can take the land on lease and
develop it for the public purpose.
To derive the planning policy for implementation of environmental proposals, issues of this sector
should be kept in to consideration. From the Existing Land use survey, it was observed that the
Water bodies of planning area are deteriorating due to various reasons like encroachments around
water bodies, solid waste dumping, disposal of untreated wastewater etc. Oussudu lake, Bahour
lake, Karasur lake, Thondamanatham lake, Ozhandai lake, Vadhanoor lake, Panayadikuppam lake,
etc. are some of the important and big lakes which supports for the drinking and agricultural
purposes in the system. But due to the rapid urbanization and pressure on the real estate, it is also
observed that there is disturbance in the interconnectivity of channels which leads to the
deterioration of the waterbodies. This continuous phenomenon leads to shrinkages of waterbodies.
Hence at present only less than 50% of tanks and related Ponds are existing in the Puducherry
region. Apart from this, the natural drainage pattern of the town is disturbed by anthropogenic
activities viz. encroachment on the drains/waterbodies, dumping of solid waste, disposal of untreated
wastewater etc. As a result, various issues arise, like flooding, drying of water bodies, water logging
etc. These issues can be addressed by providing buffer area on both the sides of the canals. This
buffer area would also help us to maintain the canals without any hindrances. Apart from this, areas
such as Bahour, Nettapakkam are known as Rice Bowl of the region. Due to rapid urbanization, land
under agricultural activities are decreasing. Decline in land under agriculture is to be controlled in
such areas of the planning area.
Hence, the buffers are proposed around water bodies within conurbation area and outside
conurbation area. Buffers are also proposed for ecological sensitive areas such as Oussudu lake,
Bahour lake and Thengaithittu mangroves. Canals and rivers are also proposed to be protected with
buffers. Such buffers are mentioned below:
Canals and rivers which does not fall under the CRZ 15m (on both side of
4
canal & River)
To avoid further deterioration of the mangrove, it is proposed to declare the Thengaithittu mangrove
area as protected area.
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There is a lack of green spaces/recreational area in the planning area. Thus, after the detail study
the city level and neighbourhood level parks/playgrounds are proposed.
Bahour is known as the Rice bowl of the planning area. Hence, it is imperative to preserve this rich
and fertile agricultural land. This area is preserved by declaring dedicated agriculture zone under
CDP – 2036 and Regulated Development will be allowed in certain parts of this area.
Untreated wastewater/industrial effluent should not be allowed to discharge in any natural
drains/waterbodies. Underground sewerage network has to be provided with adequate sewage
treatment facilities.
The land belongs to such buffer area should be developed under strict regulations. Strict monitoring
for the implementation of buffer area should be followed. Regulated development with special
permission from PPA will be allowed in such buffer areas. Existing structures in the buffer areas shall
remain as it is. Permission for redevelopment on site of existing structures or renewation may be
obtained from PPA. Permission for any new development may be obtained from PPA in consultation
with TCPD, Puducherry.
Moreover, with the rapid urbanization and significant increase in the housing demand, housing sector
is considered to be the Engine of immense potential giving a push to the economy because of its
link with the employment generation and livelihood. Therefore, provision of housing can make a
significant difference in income of families, both in rural and urban areas.
Today, more than 80% of Singapore's population is living in public flats, with 93% of them owning
their flats. Because of this, the public housing model of Singapore is considered as one of the most
successful examples of affordable housing models in the world. The Housing and Development Board
(HDB) is Singapore’s public housing authority and a statutory board under the Ministry of National
Development. As Singapore’s sole housing agency, the HDB is unique in its organizational structure,
function, and approach to housing. It operates like a single, comprehensive source for housing
development and coordinates planning, land acquisition, construction, financing, and policy for
housing in Singapore. By centralizing its public housing effort, Singapore has avoided the problems
of government silos and fragmentation of duties that are associated with multi-agency
implementation.
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The unique aspect of Singapore’s housing model is that emphasis is on ownership rather than rental.
Affordability is ensured through a set of modalities, including the provision of different unit sizes,
progressive mortgage payments (based on income levels), low interest rates and government
subsidies. For example, government subsidizes low-income groups and first-time buyers for buying
houses. Till date, HDB has developed more than 900,000 flats in Singapore, which have been given
to Singaporeans.
In June 2015, the Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister gave its approval to the “Housing for
All by 2022" - National Mission for Urban Housing to address the issue of affordable housing in urban
areas. National Urban Housing Mission seeks to meet the gap in urban housing units by 2022 through
increased private sector participation and active involvement of the States. It has four broad
components or verticals out of which credit linked subsidy would be implemented as a Central Sector
Scheme and not a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
b) Promotion of affordable housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy -
An interest subsidy of 6.5% on housing loans will be provided to EWS/LIG categories, which can be
availed upto a tenure of 15 years.
c) Affordable housing in partnership with Public & Private sectors - Central assistance at
the rate of INR 1.5 lakh per house for the EWS category will be provided.
The affordable housing is proposed over government land for easy implementation. Puducherry
Housing Board can easily develop the affordable housing proposed over government land. The
survey numbers for the development of affordable housing are mentioned in chapter 6.9.
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5. Planning Policy for Heritage conservation
As discussed in chapter 8 of Heritage & Culture, the boulevard has buildings with French architecture
which reflects French heritage. The Government of Puducherry has identified 21 heritage buildings
for conservation. The heritage buildings in the Boulevard are being converted in to commercial
activities which lead them to loss of heritage value of the French rule. These buildings must be
preserved as it is as they are with the great heritage importance. The heritage conservation in
Boulevard area can be done through Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs). TDRs are given for
preservation of heritage landmark buildings and is a way to compensate the property owners for
loss in revenue on their properties. Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) is a zoning technique
used to permanently protect cultural resources by redirecting development that would otherwise
occur on these resource lands to areas planned to accommodate growth and development.
Transfer of Development Rights programs enable landowners within cultural resource areas to be
financially compensated for choosing not to develop some or all of their lands. These landowners
are given an option under municipal zoning to legally sever the “development rights” from their land
and sell these rights to another landowner or a real estate developer for use at another location. The
land from which the development rights have been severed is permanently protected through a
conservation easement or other appropriate form of restrictive covenant, and the development value
of the land where the transferred development rights are applied is enhanced by allowing for new
or special uses, greater density or intensity, or other regulatory flexibility that zoning without the
TDR option would not have permitted.
Establish the TDR option and administrative provisions. Use of TDRs must be established as a
voluntary option.
Establish the area of high resource conservation value
Determine the number of TDRs allocated to each landowner within the high resource conservation
area (usually a simple mathematical formula – e.g., one TDR for every five (5) acres)
Establish the procedure for severance of TDRs
Provision of the use of a Deed of Transferable Development Rights document
Establish the procedure for conservation of heritage buildings
Establish the receiving area (area or areas planned to accommodate growth). Potential receiving
areas can be residential, commercial, industrial, or institutional in character, or any combination
thereof.
VCF seeks to enable States and city governments raise resources by tapping a share of increase in
value of land and other properties like buildings resulting from public investments and policy
initiatives, in the identified area of influence.
The different instruments of VCF are; Land Value Tax, Fee for changing land use, Betterment levy,
Development charges, Transfer of Development Rights, Premium on relaxation of Floor Space Index
and Floor Area Ratio, Vacant Land Tax, Tax Increment Financing, Zoning relaxation for land
acquisition and Land Pooling System.
Some Indian cities through state urban regulations have been developing and exercising some of
VCF mechanisms – The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) and City and
Industrial Development Corporation Limited (CIDCO) have used different Value Capture methods
including Betterment levy to finance infrastructure development in the urbanizing areas. Tamilnadu
and Maharashtra have made Land Value Tax applicable to urban areas too under which increase in
land value is tapped through increased revenue tax. West Bengal has formulated a system to capture
gains from land use conversion. Area based Development charges are being resorted to in Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh. Karnataka, Gujarat and
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Maharashtra have made enabling provisions for enabling Transfer of Development Rights to buy
additional FSI/FAR.
Land Value tax – considered the most ideal value capture tool which apart from capturing
any value increment, helps stabilize property price, discourage speculative investments and
is considered to be most efficient among all value capture methods. Maharashtra and
Tamilnadu, through state laws have expanded the scope of this mechanism to cover urban
land also. Globally, land value tax is widely used in Denmark, Australia and New Zealand.
Fees for changing Land use (agriculture to non-agriculture) – land revenue codes provide
for procedures to obtain permission for conversion of land use from agriculture to non-
agricultural use.
Betterment levy – one-time upfront charge on the land value gain caused by public
infrastructure investment.
Impact fees are the fees levied from the owners with illegal construction to get them
converted into authorized development.
Vacant Land Tax (VLT) — applicable on those landowners who have not yet initiated
construction on their lands. In Andhra Pradesh, the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
(GHMC) imposes a tax of 0.5% of the registration value of the land if not used exclusively
for agriculture purpose or is vacant without a building.
Tax Increment Financing (TIF) — one of the most popular Value Capture tools in many
developed countries, especially the United States. In TIF, the incremental revenues from
future increases in property tax or a surcharge on the existing property tax rate is ring-fenced
for a defined period to finance some new investment in the designated area. Tax Increment
Financing tools are especially useful to finance new investments in existing habitations. Some
of the Smart City Proposals have planned for TIF in their area-based developments (ABD).
Land pooling System (LPS) — a form of land procurement where all land parcels in an
area are pooled, converted into a layout, infrastructure developed, and a share of the land,
in proportion to original ownership, returned as reconstituted parcels. In India, States such
as Gujarat and Haryana have used land assembly programs where the owners agree to
exchange their barren lands for infrastructure-serviced smaller plots. Gujarat has used these
tools to guide the development of Ahmedabad city and its surrounding infrastructure.
Project initiation - At the time of initiation of the project the rules and regulations governing Value
Capture in the Union Territoty need to be studied and possibilities.
Planning - The area of influence of the project will be the area in which land and property values
are expected to increase due to project location. The starting point is the value impact assessment
in the area of influence, which should form a part of the Detailed Project Report (DPR). Next,
stakeholders who will benefit from the setting up of the project will have to be identified and
consultations held with them right from the stage of project initiation.
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Initiation
Planning
Design and Strategy - The Value Capture methods for funding project need to be identified and
these methods have to be put in place by the State Governments. This will include the type and
number of VCF tools to be applied, methods of assessing, levying and collecting the incremental
value generated, time period during which the VCF tools will be in operation, etc.
Execution and Operation - The value capture method for the project should be implemented and an
efficient mechanism for monitoring of fund management put in place. Regular monitoring and
evaluation of the project progress will have to be established and put in the public domain. Figure
13.3 gives the details of the steps to be taken by the Central/State Governments and their agencies
at the time of doing project feasibility studies.
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13.9 URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINES
Urban design is the discipline through which planning and architecture can create or renew a sense
of local pride and identity. It has great potential for enhancing the visual image and quality of
Neighbourhoods by providing a three-dimensional physical form to policies described in a
comprehensive plan. Urban design is process of giving shape to built environment which may
address group of buildings of specific character, important streets public spaces etc. This will make
urban areas functional, more attractive and sustainable. It focuses on design of the public realm,
which is created by both public spaces and the buildings that define them.
Urban design is done at various scales viz. at macro scale of urban structure in terms of
planning/zoning, transportation and infrastructure networks to the micro scale in terms of street
furniture, lighting etc. This section deals with urban design guidelines for certain important areas
viz. core area of city, areas with environmental significance, special heritage areas etc. These
guidelines direct the process of revitalization, planning, design and management of such areas.
Few considerations are stated below which are essential to arrive at a basis for formulating Urban
Design guidelines for urban fabric:
Work with Landscape: Design should be such as to strike a balance between natural and
manmade environment and utilize each intrinsic resource and character viz. climate, landform,
landscape and ecology
Design with Usage of Mixed Forms: Stimulating, enjoyable and convenient places meet a variety
of demands from the widest possible range of users and social groups. The design element should
weave together different building forms, uses and densities.
Economic Viability: For projects to be, developable and well cared for, they must be economically
viable, well managed and maintained. This means understanding the market considerations of
developers, ensuring long-term commitment from the community and the local authority, defining
appropriate delivery mechanisms and seeing this as part of the design process.
Design for Change: Design needs to be flexible enough to respond and adapt to future changes
in use, lifestyle and demography. This means designing for energy and resource efficiency; creating
flexibility in the use of property, public spaces and the service infrastructure and introducing new
approaches to transportation, traffic management and parking.
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13.9.1.1 VISION
To guide physical development towards a desired scale and character that is consistent with the
social, economic and aesthetic values of the City.
13.9.1.2 URBAN DESIGN OBJECTIVES
To ensure that new development makes a positive contribution to sustainability and the urban
fabric
To enhance and protect the landscape qualities
To enrich the distinct topographic and landscape qualities and characteristics of the town
To ensure that all development responds positively to the existing patterns of urban form and
character, the landscape qualities, historic and cultural elements and social dimensions and
aspirations of the town.
To reinforce the structure and image of the town as an attractive place to live, do business,
recreate and as a tourist attraction.
To ensure that the declared arterial network of transport and movement corridors makes a
positive contribution to town’s image.
13.9.1.3 COMPONENTS OF URBAN DESIGN
The following aspects need to be considered to arrive at the basis for policies affecting the urban
fabric:
In CDP, following significant areas are identified that needs special urban design consideration.
Built Character:
Group Housing is a cluster or group of attached homes around common lawns, gardens, or play
areas. Such areas should provide residents with both private and common outdoor spaces. These
common spaces can also foster social interaction amongst residents, between residents of Group
Housing. This should be designed to maintain a sense of privacy yet to allow for interaction between
neighbors. Yards and entry courtyards when abutting a street or common space should be separated
through physical elements such as open or low fencing, screens, and low hedges or walls.
If pocket park areas are provided, they should reflect character of neighbourhood and contain
elements such as lawn, children’s play areas etc. When a Group Housing area is enclosed by
neighbourhood scale streets, multiple perimeter or street corner gardens may connect multifamily
residents with the surrounding neighbourhood better than internalized common space. If feasible,
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these common spaces should be easily observable from unit windows. These common spaces share
common area supervision responsibilities among a close-knit group of neighbors.
Category of Development
High rise low density The category is defined by the development where there is more of a
marginal space between highrise buildings in form of pedestrianisation, recreational spaces, buffers
etc. This kind of development shall be reviewed as Low density because per person to space ratio
comparatively is higher.
High rise High density The category is defined by the development where there is a little marginal
space between high-rise buildings. This kind of development shall be reviewed as high density
because per person to space ratio is comparatively lower.
Low rise low density The category is defined by the development where there is more marginal
space between low-rise buildings. This kind of development shall be reviewed as Low density
because per person to space ratio is comparatively high.
Low rise High Density The category is defined by the development where there is a little marginal
space between low-rise buildings. This kind of development shall be reviewed as high density
because per person to space ratio is comparatively low.
For new Residential Development create edge or boundary conditions in neighbourhood for
creating a sense of enclosure
Buildings along the street compatible with other neighbourhood types in the immediate vicinity.
Buildings which harmonize with the surrounding neighbourhood.
Parking areas removed from primary pedestrian zones.
Cluster of houses around a common open space with appropriate landscaping.
Circulation
The vehicular circulation system generally includes internal circulation drives with parking areas.
Important streets should be enhanced with streetscapes and sidewalks. The experience of moving
on these roads can be enhanced through use of various elements such as street lighting, roadside
plantation, and development of important Junctions etc. Pedestrian circulation should be promoted
through provision of walkways and direct connections to adjacent streets.
For important routes being used by Tourists, devices such as information kiosks, directional
signs and maps can be used to help tourists easily locate their destinations.
For major roads, individual road solutions shall be given to complement abutting land uses with
controlled densities, roadside plantation etc.
neighbourhood streets should be designed to provide safe and convenient access for vehicles
and pedestrians and to relate to the type of neighbourhood and uses through which the streets
travel. They should provide safe and attractive designs including composition of street
landscaping with sidewalks/paths. neighbourhood streets can provide a visual experience and
lower the speed of local traffic by aligning with a neighbourhood focal point such as a park, a
fountain or a sculpture.
Street patterns should interconnect and encourage easy access from one neighbourhood to
another & also discourage high speed travel. Individual streets should maintain adequate travel
ways for emergency and service vehicle access.
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Following needs to be encouraged:
Destination assistance devices such as information kiosks, and directional signs for tourists.
Roads relating to a neighbourhood focal point such as a street passing by a pocket park,
terminating at a vista point, or interrupted by a fountain.
Visual screening of parking areas.
Contiguous pedestrian routes.
Interconnected but low speed neighbourhood streets.
Landscaping in the right of way that relates to the adjacent uses.
Perimeter road patterns compatible with the adjacent neighbourhood street system.
Low speed traffic techniques such as intersection at focal points.
Landscaping
Landscaping should be used to soften the mass of buildings and to provide usable common space
for residents. The use of elements such as evergreen groundcover and small shrubs around common
spaces can add variety and delineate boundaries while allowing for surveillance. When hard surfaces
are predominant feature, visual relief and interest can be provided through use of plantations such
as plants with flowers and special interest plants. Common park space should be located so that it
is visible to residents and accommodate a variety of activities for differing age groups.
Trees that provide year-round visual interest such as evergreen groundcover & hardy
landscaping plantings.
Landscaping solutions such as parks/gardens in large open areas which add depth and space.
Elements such as low walls, fences, screens, or hedges to delineate outdoor spaces.
Adequate use of garden lighting to accentuate landscaping and pathways in the evening.
An uninterrupted flow of landscaping between buildings and the streets by placing elements
Abutting streets, trails or common spaces fence styles, such as low or open fences that
encourage interaction between private and public spaces.
Paving solutions for driveways and public walkways that complement the architectural and
landscape character of the area such as stone, masonry or concrete.
High walls and solid fences adjacent to pathways or shared open space.
There is scope for development of Oussudu Lake and Bahour Lake using urban design tool, the
existing image of these areas can be transferred into a new livable and environmental friendly image.
While developing areas near water bodies the following urban design guidelines needs to be
considered.
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Minimise grading to maintain the natural topography, while contouring any landform alterations
to blend into the natural terrain.
Screen development adjacent to natural features as appropriate so that development does not
appear visually intrusive, or interfere with the experience within the open space system. The
provision of enhanced landscaping adjacent to natural features could be used to soften the
appearance of or buffer development from the natural features.
Use building and landscape materials that blend with and do not create visual or other conflicts
with the natural environment
Design and site buildings to permit visual and physical access to the natural features from the
public right-of-way.
Encourage location of entrances and windows in development adjacent to open space to
overlook the natural features.
Protect views from public roadways and parklands to natural canyon, resource areas, and scenic
vistas.
Preserve views and view corridors along and/or into waterfront areas from the public right-of-
way by decreasing the heights of buildings
Provide public pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian access paths to scenic view points, parklands,
and where consistent with resource protection, in natural resource open space areas.
Provide special consideration to the sensitive environmental design of roadways that traverse
natural open space systems to ensure an integrated aesthetic design that respects open space
resources. This could include the use of alternative materials such as “quiet pavement” in noise
sensitive locations, and bridge or roadway designs that respect the natural environment.
Special considerations should be given to the appropriate scale, height and disposition of
building blocks along the waterfront to avoid blockage of sea/land breezes and prevailing winds.
Public spaces include public plazas, squares or other gathering spaces in each neighbourhood center.
neighbourhood centre is a geographically localised community within a larger city, where members
of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other
purposes. They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specialized group within
the greater community.
District centers, commercial areas, Public/ Semipublic and Recreational Areas in Comprehensive
Development Plan demands Proper Campus Planning and care to maintain the protocol of the city.
13.9.1.6.1 Organised Informal Market/Food Plazas
To stop encroachment of all types of Informal markets, Comprehensive Development Plan have
provided organized spaces for informal markets, hawkers, handicraft shops etc. these markets will
be majorly located in District Centers and Core areas.
The informal and organized sector is a major source of employment in the economic fabric of the
city for which the following approach is proposed:
Earmarking of 'Hawking' and 'No Hawking' Zones at neighbourhood and cluster levels.
The weekly markets to be identified and planned / developed.
New areas for informal trade to be developed and integrated with housing, commercial,
institutional and industrial areas.
Provision of common basic services like toilets, water points, etc.
Institutionalizing designs of stalls, push-carts and mobile vans.
Design outdoor open areas as “outdoor rooms,” developing a hierarchy of usable spaces that
create a sense of enclosure using landscape, paving, walls, lighting, and structures.
Design such markets/ haats to accommodate a variety of artistic, social, cultural, and
recreational opportunities including civic gatherings such as festivals, markets, performances,
and exhibits.
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Consider artistic, cultural, and social activities unique to the neighbourhood and designed for
varying age groups that can be incorporated into the space.
Use landscape, hardscape, and public art to improve the quality of markets/ haats.
Encourage the active management and programming of these markets.
Design outdoor spaces to allow for both shade and the penetration of sunlight.
Frame parks and plazas with buildings which visually contain and provide natural surveillance
into the open space.
Involvement of NGOs envisaged.
Address maintenance and programming.
Road:
Non-residential public buildings with pleasing appearance should be located on entry corridors.
Attractive landscape should be developed in accordance with the highway landscape norms.
Segregation of goods and passenger vehicles at the entry point through separate lanes to
improve the visual environment.
Rail:
Enhancing visual experience for commuters through appropriate landscape along railway tracks.
This can be done by growing colorful plantations along railway corridors, keeping wide grazing
lands, mounting flags at the entry of railway stations.
Reconstruction / redevelopment of existing stations should be undertaken through
comprehensive Urban Design schemes.
Attractive designs should be evolved for new stations.
Air:
Designing landmarks, nodes, edges of the city in a manner that they can be recognized
outstandingly in aerial views. This can be achieved by composing and contrasting scale, color,
landscape of structure and boundary with surrounding area.
Natural and built environment should be revitalized to give an impression of global city.
The overall green cover in this zone should be enhanced and protected.
13.9.1.8 STREETSCAPE
Hoardings, sign boards, directional boards, bill boards, neon sign bards, balloons, banners etc.
have become symbols of present day urban scape and important instruments of outdoor
publicity and public information. These, if located properly and aesthetically, may enhance the
visual quality of the city. Otherwise, these may cause hazards, obstruction and visual pollution
etc.
Design signage to effectively utilize sign area and complement the character of the structure
and setting
Architecturally integrate signage into design.
Include pedestrian-oriented signs to acquaint users to various aspects of a development.
Place signs to direct vehicular and pedestrian circulation.
Post signs to provide directions and rules of conduct where appropriate behavior control is
necessary.
Design signs to minimize negative visual impacts.
Address community-specific signage issues in community plans, where needed.
A major cause for present day chaos on the roads is that the road infrastructure, signage and
road markings are not in accordance to the standards laid down by the Motor Vehicle Rules
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and Highway Code.
Safety of road users shall be one of the prime consideration while planning / designing of road
network and infrastructure.
Appropriate road signage and markings are excellent means of educating road users about road
safety rules and road discipline and add to the road beautification. These prevent the deviant
behaviour of motorists and at the same time provide useful route related information.
Concerned road owning agencies shall be responsible for installing the appropriate road signage
and markings on regular basis.
Street Furniture:
Public art is an important part of the urban spatial experience, which can be incorporated in the
form of functional objects such as street furniture and paving designs.
Street furniture should be designed sensitively considering the land use, intensity of activity and
other identified design districts. Their design must also reflect respect to pedestrians and
physically challenged people.
Access provisions for the physically challenged should be made from the street to overcome
curb heights, rain water gratings etc.
Locate street trees in a manner that does not obstruct ground illumination from streetlights.
Shade paved areas, especially parking lots.
Parking spaces close to the entrance should be reserved for physically challenged.
Exclusive parking bays are proposed near major intersections as part of road R/W with adequate
landscaping to provide for parking of mobile repair vans, PCR vans, ambulances, cranes, fire
tenders and other public utility vehicles.
Street Frontage:
Create street frontages with architectural and landscape interest to provide visual appeal to the
streetscape and enhance the pedestrian experience.
Locate buildings on the site so that they reinforce street frontages.
Relate buildings to existing and planned adjacent uses.
Ensure that building entries are prominent, visible, and well-located.
Maintain existing setback patterns, except where community plans call for a change to the
existing pattern.
Establish or maintain tree-lined residential and commercial streets. Neighbourhoods and
commercial corridors in the town that contain tree-lined streets present a streetscape that
creates a distinctive character.
Minimize the visual impact of garages, parking and parking portals to the pedestrian and street
façades.
Major work centres, where large number of pedestrian networks emerge and culminate, should
have enhanced facilities for the pedestrians.
This will lead to more sensitive and intricate design of street furniture, making major image able
components part of daily urban experience.
Design landscape bordering the pedestrian network with new elements, such as a new plant
form or material, at a scale and intervals appropriate to the site. This is not intended to
discourage a uniform street tree or landscape theme, but to add interest to the streetscape and
enhance the pedestrian experience.
Use effective lighting for vehicular traffic while not overwhelming the quality of pedestrian
lighting.
Pedestrian networks affect spaces in a very distinctive way.
Establishment of pedestrian networks in any area reveals its vitality.
They provide richness in terms of spatial experience and community interaction etc.
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Transit Integration:
Provide attractively designed transit stops and stations that are adjacent to active uses,
recognizable by the public, and reflect desired neighbourhood character
Design safe, attractive, accessible, lighted, and convenient pedestrian connections from transit
stops and stations to building entrances and street network
Provide generous rights-of-way for transit, transit stops or stations.
Locate buildings along transit corridors to allow convenient and direct access to transit
stops/stations.
Parking:
Utilities:
Minimize the visual and functional impact of utility systems and equipment on streets, sidewalks,
and the public realm.
Convert overhead utility wires and poles, and overhead structures such as those associated with
supplying electric, communication, community antenna television, or similar service to
underground.
Design and locate public and private utility infrastructure, such as phone, cable and
communications boxes, transformers, meters, fuel ports, back-flow preventors, ventilation
grilles, grease interceptors, irrigation valves, and any similar elements, to be integrated into
adjacent development and as inconspicuous as possible.
To minimize obstructions, elements in the sidewalk and public right of way should be located in
below grade vaults or building recesses that do not encroach on the right of way (to the
maximum extent permitted by codes).
If located in a landscaped setback, they should be as far from the sidewalk as possible, clustered
and integrated into the landscape design, and screened from public view with plant and/or
fencelike elements.
Traffic operational features such as streetlights, traffic signals, control boxes, street signs and
similar facilities should be located and consolidated on poles, to minimize clutter, improve safety,
and maximize public pedestrian access, especially at intersections and sidewalk ramps.
Other street utilities such as storm drains and vaults should be carefully located to afford proper
placement of the vertical elements.
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13.9.2 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOULEVARD AREA
The Objective of Revival of Core Area through various strategies and urban design elements are:
Continuity of the sidewalks should be maintained, in terms of the width, surface, tree and street
furniture Activities such as amusement parks, sports activities, food plazas etc. to be introduced
to make the Spaces more attractive even after working hours.
Introduction of activities such as traditional/craft bazaar,
Enhance areas along identified heritage walk/rides to attract tourists in terms of Urban design
elements.
Detailed Schemes to be prepared to integrate mass transit stations, safe pedestrian, parking
areas with major activity areas viz. recreational areas. Many areas in core city can be
pedestrianised and made completely free of vehicular traffic to restore the human scale and
convenient living.
Proper use of existing spaces for development of parking zones upto a limited area of core city
and converting the rest into pedestrian zone
Revitalization of existing markets within core city for tourist attraction and for developing
neighbourhood feeling among locals.
Most of the area shall be inclusive of Urban Green and Public realms
Signage and lighting: for visual accessibility, Boulevard Town should be provided with proper
lighting system and signages. As Puducherry is tourist destination, signages in Tamil and English
should be promoted. Moreover, lighting has to be provided to the buildings which are of heritage
importance in order to have visually appealing view.
A unified colour scheme should be adopted for government buildings in order to give the identity
to the govt. buildings and enhancing the visual appeal.
Conservation approach to retain the overall traditional character of the core area.
Visual integration of major landmarks to revitalize the past glory. Enhance the existing visual
link between the major landmarks.
13.9.2.3 District Centres
A District Centre has been envisaged as a multiple service providing campus, catering to surrounding
urban area. The core commercial area such as Wholesale markets, shopping complexes, office
buildings, etc. shall be reviewed as a District Centre. The similar definition does not imply to the
informal markets but if the informal markets are part of any above category that shall be reviewed
and organized in District centre.
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There are few common components that should dealt through Urban Design perspective to maintain
and enhance the ultimate urban character and image.
1. Landscape
2. Parking
3. Pedestrian Movement
4. Public Spaces
5. Unique Building Character
General Guidelines:
The area provided for landscape as part of the district centre should weave through the entire
district centre to create a pleasant environment.
Detailed Urban Design and Landscape Schemes should be prepared to integrate Public Transport
Terminals, safe pedestrian walkways, parking areas, recreational and cultural areas, etc.
The envelope, FAR, architectural features of the District Center buildings should be merged with
surrounding area.
A certain percentage of open area should be made mandatory in district center design so that
it can be used as recreational area, exhibition purpose or any local festivals.
Continuity of the sidewalks should be maintained in terms of the width, surface treatment, curb
cuts, tree and street furniture locations, for the pedestrians and disabled.
A district centre should be accessible from the surrounding residential areas through the
pedestrian approach or by subways etc. The intermediate public transport should be introduced
to increase the mobility within the City Centre.
An adequate parking should be provided in District Center.
Provision of common basic services like Public toilets, water points, etc.
Signage and lighting: for visual accessibility, district center should be provided with proper
lighting system and signages. As Puducherry is tourist destination, signages in English as well
as Hindi should be promoted.
Use of alternative renewable sources of energy should be encouraged for new buildings
(especially those of commercial or institutional nature), traffic signals and public signage, etc
Planned district centres in city (forming a multi nodal city structure) can be best utilized for
creating public spaces and through these, District Centers City will be livelier, inviting and livable.
As per the proposal of Govt. of India, few free wi-fi zones should be provided in order to
encourage the Digital India.
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14 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Current Institutional Setup for Land Use conversion
The land owner who wants to convert the land use applies to PPA with a land use conversion
requisition letter as an application. The application is forwarded to Town and Country Planning
Board, Puducherry. The Town and Country Planning Board puts such applications in the meeting of
the Town and Country Planning Board for which Chairman is the Minister incharge of Town and
Country Planning Department. The applications which are approved by the Town and Country
Planning Board, gets the permission for land use conversion. In this entire process of approval for
land use conversion, Agriculture Department or Director of Survey and Land Records, Puducherry
are consulted.
14.1 PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Institutional Responsibilities contain Development Plan formulation, effective implementation, strict
monitoring of following General Development Regulations and funding mechanism. For effective
implementation, available land resource is to be managed very judiciously and infrastructure is to
be provided along with proper maintenance from time to time. As mentioned in Chapter 13.5, it is
proposed to have Puducherry Municipal Corporation (PMC) with same jurisdiction of Conurbation
Area for obtaining substantial funds from State Government as well as Central Government, which
INSTITUTIONAL
RESPONSIBILITIES
will lead to effective implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan. For better
implementation of Comprehensive Development Plan, responsibilities are to be allocated very
judiciously. The roles and responsibilities of the various stakholders for implementation of CDP in
Boulevard, Conurbation Area and outside Conurbation Area are described in the table given below:
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Table 14-1 Roles and responsibilities of the various institution in Boulevard, Conurbation Area and outside Conurbation
Area
S. Task Boulevard Within Outside
No. Conurbation Conurbation
Area Area
1 Review & Updation of PPA PPA (in PPA
Formulation
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S. Task Boulevard Within Outside
No. Conurbation Conurbation
Area Area
22 Recreational Spaces PMC PMC Commune
Panchayat+PPA
23 Non Agricultural Conversion PMC+TCPD & PMC+TCPD & PPA+TCPD &
(Conversion of land from TCPD Board TCPD Board TCPD Board
agricultural use to non-agricultural
uses)
24 Development Permission PMC PMC PPA
(A Development Permission shall
mean Permission for development
granted by the Competent
Authority)
25 Building Permission PMC PMC PPA
Regulation
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Institutional Responsibilities
Fund Raising
Mechanisms
Town Planning
Development Plan
Schemes
Betterment Development
Charges Charges
Development
Land Bank
Permission
Scrutiny Fee
Water Charges
Security Deposit
Figure 14.2 Fund raising mechanism
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References:
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