Branch Cutting Propagation of Kauayan Tinik (Bambusa Blumeana Schultes)

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

To meet an increasing demand for bamboo, there is a need to establish

plantation on a large scale concentrating on bamboo production emphasizing

outstanding quality and productivity. The global bamboos market size is projected to

reach USD 98.3 billion by 2025 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.0% over the

forecast period, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Thus, there is

a high need for developing the most efficient and effective means of nursery

propagation and plantation cultural techniques.

This is according to a new report released at the COP20 in Lima by the

International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) that discusses the massive

potential of bamboo in fighting global warming, with bamboo forests projected to store

more than one million tons of carbon by 2050 in China alone.

‘Kawayan tinik’ (Bambusa blumeana) is a significant bamboo resource for the

Philippine rural population. Aside from being a prime specie for edible shoot production,

it also provides materials for construction, furniture, handicraft, and other novelty items.

With its distinct characteristics and wide array of uses, ‘kawayan tinik’ has become an

indispensable raw material for high-value furniture and handicrafts. Experts estimate the

demand for poles would increase to 3.5 million for furniture making and 570,000 for

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handicrafts. This makes bamboo shoot and pole production a good investment choice

for small to medium entrepreneurs.

Kauayan tinik bamboo species can be propagated by reproductive methods

(sexual) using seeds and also by a sexual methods. The sexual method is rarely used

due to the reason that bamboo generally flowers only towards the end of its life span

and at very long intervals. Thus, vegetative propagation should be given top

importance. This is according to the Department of Forestry. If planting stork is to be

mass-produced, use of rhizomes and offshoots may not be practical because of their

lower availability. Layering and marcotting techniques are laborious though economical.

But cuttings offer many possible sources of propagation, culms, branches and twigs.

Use of culms, although somewhat successful, has been observed to be both wasteful

and economical for the method requires the use of potential marketable stems.

However, owing to larger sizes of culms, potting is impractical and handling both in

nursery and field planting is very difficult. Thus, the best alternative propagation method

would be one that does not require the cutting of the whole culm- leaving branch cutting

as one of the economical methods of bamboo propagation. Hence, this study aims to

determine and evaluate the effect of branch cutting as means of propagation for the

Kauayan Tinik bamboo species.

Research Problem

General Problem:

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 Is branch cutting effective as means of propagation for Kauayan Tinik

bamboo species?

Specific Problems:

1. What is the effect of branch cutting propagation to the diameter of the rim

of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species?

2. What is the effect of branch cutting propagation to the length of the

internode of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species?

3. Is there a significant difference between the growth of Kauayan Tinik

bamboo species in branch cutting and in natural ways of propagation?

Research Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis:

 Branch cuttings is effective as means of propagation for Kauayan Tinik

bamboo species.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to those people whose income is from bamboo

related businesses. Individual farmers can increase the number of Kauayan Tinik

bamboos they harvest during bamboo harvesting seasons.

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Construction companies will also benefit from this study. There will be more

Kauayan Tinik bamboo used as a building material for the construction of scaffolding,

bridges and structures, houses.

Furniture makers will benefit as well in this study. Bamboo furniture can

withstand everyday use. It is far more resistant to damage than traditional

hardwoods. Kauyan tinik bamboo is even used in cutting boards for this reason; it can

take the beating of repeated knife use and still remain beautiful, and Kauayan Tinik

bamboo is gentler on knife blades than other woods.

More importantly, this study will be beneficial globally. Kauayan Tinik bamboo

can contribute to major carbon emission reductions, according to a new report released

at the COP20 in Lima by the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR).

Scope and Limitations

The investigation/experiment will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of

Branch Cutting as means of propagation for Kauyan Tinik bamboo species. The

investigation will be conducted during the whole month of February, year 2020. The

aspects that will be looked into are the: effect of branch cutting propagation to the

diameter of the rim of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species; effect of branch cutting

propagation to the length of the internode of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species;

significant difference between branch cutting propagation of Kauayan Tinik bamboo

species and in natural ways of propagation.

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Although the research has its aims, there were some unavoidable limitations. First,

because of the time limit, this research will only be conducted on a small number of

Kauayan Tinik bamboo species (1 set up with 7 replicas). Therefore, to generalize the

results for larger numbers, the study should have involved more Kauayan Tinik

bamboos. Second, the required time to fully propagate a bamboo is way longer than a

month. Thus, only the growth of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species (refer to the specific

questions) in a month will be included.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as used in the study

Large strainer- will be used to sieve both forest soil and river sand soil.

Plastic bags- will contain the mixture of forest soil and river sand soil at 1:1 ration.

Bolo- will be used to cut propagules into desired length.

Knife- will be used to cut propagules and to remove the leaves of each propagule.

Gunny sack- will be used to keep moisture and to avoid excessive drying.

Rooting hormone- will be used to allow roots of the propagules to grow faster.

Soft wax- will be used to prevent the newly cut propagules from loss of moisture.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Einführung

Bamboo is one of the oldest building materials used by mankind. The bamboo

branch, or stem, has been made into an extended diversity of products ranging from

domestic household products to industrial applications. Examples of bamboo products

are food containers, skewers, chopsticks, handicrafts, toys, furniture, flooring, pulp and

paper, boats, charcoal, musical instruments and weapons. In Asia, bamboo is quite

common for bridges, scaffolding and housing, but it is usually a temporary exterior

structural material. In many overly populated regions of the tropics, certain bamboos

supply the one suitable material that is sufficiently cheap and plentiful to meet the

extensive need for economical housing. Bamboo shoots are an important source of

food, and a delicacy in Asia. In addition to its more common applications, bamboo has

other uses, from skyscraper scaffolding and phonograph needles to slide rules, skins of

airplanes, and diesel fuels. Extractives from various parts of the plant have been used

for hair and skin ointment, medicine for asthma, eyewash, potions for lovers and poison

for rivals. Bamboo ashes are used to polish jewels and manufacture electrical batteries.

It has been used in bicycles, dirigibles, windmills, scales, retaining walls, ropes, cables

and filament in the first light bulb. Indeed, bamboo has many applications beyond

imagination. Its uses are broad and plentiful.

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With the advancement of science and technology and the tight supply of timber,

new methods are needed for the processing of bamboo to make it more durable and

more usable in terms of building materials. Studies have been done on the basic

properties, and processing bamboo into various kinds of composite products. More

studies are needed to aid and promote its application in the modern world.

Coming from the family of grasses, Kauayantinik, is a non-timber, woody,

perennial species widely used in agroforestry, landscape architecture, engineering and

industry. Bamboo can help in climate mitigation by its use as energy source, distillation

and gasification for production of charcoal, vinegar and oil (Dube 2008).Bamboo has a

high carbon fixation rate, rapid growth rate and high adaptability to extreme

environmental conditions, thus, it is considered as one of the important forest resource

(Bhandawat, et al. 2014). In about three to five years after macropropagation, its young

shoots may be sold as grown seedlings (Bareja 2010).

The finished products (e.g., furniture, tools and ornaments) of Kauayantinik

provide business for entrepreneurs and can be a source of daily income to billions of

people. The Philippine Forestry Statistics reported in 2013 that the prices of species of

bamboo like Bayog, Boho, Bulo and Kauayantinik ranged from Php43.00 to 87.53 per

piece. Currently, China is the top largest producer of bamboo in the world while the

Philippines ranked as sixth. The bamboo industry worldwide is expected to

exponentially increase up to 20 billion dollars in the upcoming years (Lobovikov et. al.

2005; De Vera 2012; Forest Management Bureau 2013).

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There are many reported abundant sources of bamboo in the world. Among the

1,000 species of bamboo in the world, 62 of its species can be found in the Philippines.

Out of the 62 species, 21 are endemic in the country, 13 were classified as climbers

while 8 are erect (Bareja 2010).

Based on limited archeological and anthropological studies, kauayan tinik

bamboo was believed to be originated in China where it was first annotated based on

recorded histories which were used for their daily use (Bamboo grove 2014). In some of

its native cuisine, kauayan tinik bamboos serve as their based ingredients in making

their delicacies. The most well-known delicacy among the Filipino dishes is Labong with

this bamboo’s shoots as the main ingredient. Some of the native varieties of Labong

include Ginataang Labong(with coconut milk and chilies) and Dinengdengna Labong

(labong in fish anchovies with string beans, spinach, and sun-dried fish), according to

Filipino Style Recipe (2012, 2013).

Currently, asexual reproduction is the mode commonly used on its propagation.

The common methods included in the asexual reproduction of bamboo are: Clump

Division, Basal Clump Division, Culm, Culm Cutting, Branch Cutting, Marcotting, Twig

Cutting, Integrated Mass Propagation Technique, as well as offset or rhizome cutting

and tissue culture (Bareja 2010; Roxas 1998).

Taxonomy, Resources and Habitat

Bamboo is a perennial, giant, woody grass belonging to the group angiosperms

and the order monocotyledon. The grass family Poaceae (or Gramineae) can be divided

into one small subfamily, Centothecoideae, and five large subfamilies, Arundinoideae,

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Pooideae, Chloridodeae, Panicoideae, and Bambusoideae. In distinction to its name,

bamboos are classified under the subfamily Bambusoideae. Wang and Shen stated that

there are about 60 to 70 genera and over 1,200 – 1,500 species of bamboo in the world.

About half of these species grow in Asia, most of them within the Indo-Burmese region,

which is also considered to be their area of origin. Some examples of bamboo genera

are Bambusa, Chusquea, Dendrocalamus, Phyllostachys, Gigantochloa and

Schizostachyum. Most of the bamboos need a warm climate, abundant moisture, and

productive soil, though some do grow in reasonably cold weather. According to Grosser

and Liese, bamboos grow particularly well in the tropics and subtropics, but some taxa

also thrive in the temperate climate of Japan, China, Chile and the USA. Lee et al.

stated that the smaller bamboo species are mostly found in high elevations or

temperate latitudes, and the larger ones are abundant in the tropic and subtropic areas.

Bamboo is quite adaptable. Some bamboo species from one country have been

introduced to other countries. The most popular and valuable bamboo species in Asia,

Phyllostachys pubescenes or the Moso bamboo has been grown successfully in South

Carolina and some other Southeastern states in America for more than 50 years.

Bamboos are also adaptable to various types of habitat. They grow in plains, hilly and

high altitude mountainous regions, and in most kinds of soils, except alkaline soils,

desert, and marsh. Abd.Latif and Abd.Razak mention that bamboo could grow from sea

level to as high as 3000 meter. Bamboo is suitable on well drained sandy to clay loom

or from underlying rocks.

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Vegetative propagation

Over the years many new vegetative propagation techniques have been

developed, tested and perfected. The vegetative parts used for propagation were:

rhizome or offset, culm, and branch cuttings. The rhizome or offset method of

propagating bamboo is applicable to species with loose clumps and they are difficult to

raise by culm cuttings such as anos (Schizostachyum lima) and buho (Schizostachyum

lumampao). The offset can be collected during the rainy season and if the planting site

is near the source, the offset can be planted immediately in the field. However, it is

better to raise them first in plastic bags in the nursery before transplanting to ensure

better growth and survival in the field (Malab et al. 1995).

Among the vegetative parts, the one node branch cutting method is at present

the most widely used because it is the most economical and easiest to handle. This

method is recommended for raising planting stocks of the genera Bambusa,

Dendrocalamus and Gigantochloa. The cutting should come from healthy one to two-

year-old branches. Very young branches rot easily, whereas, older ones withstand

transference.

Manipula et al. (1990) conducted a study on the survival and growth of branch

cuttings and whole branches of kayali (Gigantochloa atter) in relation to age and branch

portion. The results showed that 6-month-old branch had the highest percent bud node

sprouts survival at middle portion (43.33%) but not significantly different from the basal

portion of the branch; the average number and height of shoots at the basal portion

were significantly higher than at the top portion but not very different from the middle

portion. The average number of leaves at the basal portion (10.10) was different from

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the middle and top portion; many differences were observed on the average number of

roots and length at 3 portions of the branch used. The average height of shoots of 6-

month-old branch was more (6.89 cm) than 1-year-old branch (1.58 cm).

Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the most practical methods and

easy to handle. Thick walled species with stout branches like those of Bambusa and

Dendrocalamus species grew much better. Generally the basal and middle portion of

the bamboo pole are good sources of branch cuttings (Malab et al. 1995).

A modified method is branch-marcot cutting. Although this method is similar to

culm cutting, rooting is induced first, the branch is cut into one-node pieces after the

roots become apparent. The growth of the marcot plants can be enhanced by raising

the plants in plastic bags using the same technique as in culm cutting (Malab et al.

1995).

In 1989, Alfonso developed a new and practical method of propagating Bambusa

blumeana by branch cutting. He did this by attaching transparent plastic bags filled with

wet sphagnum moss at the basal portion of branches attached to culms during the

monsoon months. After two weeks, roots were visible through the plastic film. They

could be separated and planted.

Cariño (1990) marcotted Bambusa vulgaris using compost, garden soil, manalo

roots combined with polyacrylamide. Data on number of days for root emergence,

length of roots, and their color were observed and recorded. Results showed that

compost + P4 helped earliest root emergence and longest root length, while manalo

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roots + P4 produced most number of roots. Using branch cutting was advantageous

because branches were plentiful.

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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The experiment will be conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

with 1 set up of 7 replicas at Baranggay Combis Dulag, Leyte to evaluate the

effectiveness of Branch Cutting as means of propagation for Kauayan Tinik bamboo

species.

For the experiment, the bamboo species will be subjected to the same mixture of

forest soil and riversand soil at a ratio of 1:1. The specific amounts of soil that will be

summarized in Table 1.

Table 1.

Type of Soil Mass Ratio of Mixture

Forest Soil 714 g
1:1
River sand soil 714 g

a. Preparation of Propagating Medium and Shed

Materials:

1 large strainer

5kg sieved forest soil

5kg sieved sand soil

7 plastic bags

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7 1.5 liter empty bottles

Procedure:

Forest soil will be sieved by using the strainer. The sieved forest soil will

be sterilized by heating to kill fungus and other microorganisms that might

contaminate the cuttings. Sand soil will also be sieved using the strainer. It will be

mixed with the sieved forest soil at ratio of 1:1. The mixture will be placed in

plastic bags. The empty bottles will be cut using the knife to form the alternative

marcot bags (only the upper part of it will be removed).The alternative marcot

bags will be the propagating medium.

b. Collection of branches/ propagules

Materials:

1 bolo

1 knife

1 gunny sack

Procedure:

Branch cutting propagules will be collected from Baranggay Tabu Dulag,

Leyte, with the use of bolo and knife. The branches will be cut carefully from the

culm, the lowest branch node of each branch will be left untouched. Only those

branches from mature culms and located in the middles and top sections will be

used as propagules. The branches will be subdivided according to the type of

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branch (primary, secondary) and position (top, middle, bottom). The propagules

will be wrapped in a moist gunny sack to avoid excessive drying.

c. Preparation of Cuttings

Bolo and pruning shears were used for crosscutting of propagules into desired

length. Care was observed so as not to injure any portion of the cuttings, especially

the dormant buds. Three-node cuttings from the base, middle and top sections of

the primary and secondary branches of each species were prepared. All prepared

cuttings bearing the corresponding treatment labels were placed under the shade in

a standing position with the uppermost portion covered with a moist gunny sack

before treatment and planting in polyethelene plastic bags. (Branch Cutting

Propagation of Kawayang Tinik (Bambusa blumeana Schultes) I Kawayang Kiling

(Bambusa vulgaris Schrad es Wendl.) I Bayog (Dendrocalamus merrilianus (Elm.)

Bolo Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.) and Striated Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris

Schrad. ex. var striata (lodd.) Gamble ) Using Indole-Butyric Acid

Materials:

1 bolo

1 knife

1 gunny sack

Procedure:

The bolo and knife will be used to cut the propagules into desired length.

Care will be observed to not injure any portion of the cuttings. Three-nodes

cutting from the base, middle and top sections of the primary and secondary

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branches will be prepared. All the cuttings will be placed in a moist gunny sack to

prevent loss of moisture.

d. Application

Materials:

50g rooting hormone

50g soft wax

1 small nursery pot

1 spray bottles

Procedure:

The rooting hormone will be applied to the rim of the exposed end. The

soft wax will prevent loss of moisture. The branch cutting will be buried 1/2 node

deep into the alternative marcot bag. The soil will be sprayed with the water

using the spray bottle until mist. The center of the branch cutting will be filled with

water. The water level will be checked every after 48 hours.

Safety Precautions

Appropriate gardening clothes will be used for protection from insect bites, long

sleeves, pants, and rubber boots will be worn as well as gardening gloves.

The tools will be operated properly and safely. Goggles will be used to protect

the eyes from flying small bits of bamboo.

Materials will be lifted and carried with caution to prevent aggregate strain in the

back, neck, and legs

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Plant Growth Analysis

The growth of the propagules will be analysed according to the following aspects:

1. Diameter of the rim of the bamboos

2. Length of the bamboos

Using the data gathered from the mentioned above, statistical analysis will then

be conducted. With respect to the diameter of the rim of the bamboos, a 12-inch

transparent ruler will be used as a scale in measuring. Since the used material is

transparent, recording of data will be easier. The diameter of the rim will be

measured every after 7 days as well as the length of the nodes. Regarding the

length of the bamboos, a 1-meter measuring tape will be used.

The average diameter of the bamboos/ mean will be calculated after the 3-week

observation and so will be the mean length of the bamboos.

The mean will be calculated with the Summation Notation:

x, represents the variable

i, represents the lower limit

n, represents the upper limit

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Data Analysis

The data will be analysed as follows

Research Questions Statistical Analysis

1. What is the effect of branch cutting

propagation to the diameter of the rim Mean

the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species?

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The data will be analysed as follows

Research Questions Statistical Analysis

2. What is the effect of branch cutting

propagation to the length of the

Mean
internode of the kauayan tinik bamboo

species?

For specific question 3, the growth- in terms of diameter of the rim and length- of

the replicas in the set up will be plotted in a 3-D clustered bar graph after the 3 week

observation.

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Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section contains the result of the experiment.

Problem 1:

What is the effect of branch cutting propagation to the diameter of the Kauayan

Tinik bamboo species?

Table 1: Diameter of the rim of the Kauayan Tinik Bamboo species after 3 weeks.

Diameter (cm)
Set Up Mean

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

Replica 1  1.90  2.00  2.00 1.97

Replica 2  2.00  2.10  2.20  2.10

Replica 3  2.10  2.20  2.20  2.17

Replica 4  2.10  2.20  2.30  2.20

Replica 5  1.90  1.90  1.90  1.90

Replica 6  2.00  2.00 2.00 2

Replica 7  1.60 1.70  1.70 1.67

Kawayan tinik can be found in lowlands across the country. It can grow erect in

clumps and can extend up to 15-25 m tall with a diameter of 6 cm in 3 weeks. Its large

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clumps and spiny branches at its basal portion are the distinguishing features of this

bamboo species. (www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph)

Although all the replicas were exposed to the same circumstances, the

propagules exhibited different amounts of growth in diameter from week 1 to week 3,

such as in replicas 2, 3 and 5. Replica 2 only grew a hundredth of a centimetre in

length, replica 3 grew 0.2 centimeters, and replica 5 did not show any growth in length

at all. According to (www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph), Kauayan Tinik Bamboos grow much

faster in diameter when they are propagated naturally. This supports the result that

Kauayan Tinik bamboos grow “slower” when grown thru branch cutting propagation

compared to when they are propagated naturally.

Problem 2:

What is the effect of branch cutting propagation to the length of the Kauayan

Tinik bamboo species?

Table 2: Length of the Kauayan Tinik Bamboo species after 3 weeks

Length (cm)
Set Up Mean

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

Replica 1 13.20 13.30 13.50 13.33

Replica 2 17.80 17.90 18.00 17.9

Replica 3 12.90 13.00 13.00 12.97

Replica 4 22.50 22.60 22.80 22.63

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Replica 5 23.50 23.70 23.70 23.63

Replica 6 22.50 22.50 22.60 22.53

Replica 7 25.10 25.30 25.40 25.27

Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world, due to a

unique rhizome-dependent system. Kauyan Tinik bamboo can grow 910 mm (36 in)

within a 24-hour period, at a rate of almost 40 mm (1.6 in) an hour (a growth around

1 mm every 90 seconds, or 1 inch every 40 minutes). (Creative Commons Attribution-

ShareAlike License)

Although all the replicas were exposed to the same circumstances, the

propagules exhibited different amounts of growth in length from week 1 to week 3, such

as in replicas 2, 3 and 4. Replica 2 only grew 0.2 centimetres in length, replica 3 grew a

hundredth of a centimetre, and replica 4 grew 0.3 centimetres in length. According to

(Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License), Kauayan Tinik bamboos grow

faster in length when they are propagated naturally due to a unique rhizome-dependent

system. The literature supports the result that Kauayan Tinik bamboos grow “slower” in

length when grown thru branch cutting propagation compared to when they are

propagated naturally.

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Problem 3:

Is there a significant difference between the growth of Kauayan Tinik bamboo

species in branch cutting and in natural ways of propagation?

Growth in Length of Kauayan Tinik bamboos in 3

weeks.
1920.24 1920.24 1920.24 1920.24 1920.24 1920.24 1920.24
2000

1500
Length (cm)

1000

500
0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3
0
Replica 1 Replica 2 Replica 3 Replica 4 Replica 5 Replica 6 Replica 7
Bamboo Replicas

Figure

Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world, due to a

unique rhizome-dependent system. Kauyan Tinik bamboo can grow 910 mm (36 in)

within a 24-hour period, at a rate of almost 40 mm (1.6 in) an hour (a growth around

1 mm every 90 seconds, or 1 inch every 40 minutes). (Creative Commons Attribution-

ShareAlike License)

Series 1 shows the Kauyan Tinik bamboos’ growth in length that were

propagated using branch cutting method. Series 2 shows the Kauayan Tinik bamboos

growth in length that were naturally propagated. For the series 2, computation was

required to arrive at its value found in the figure above. The graph shows that Kauayan

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Tinik bamboos grow faster when they are propagated naturally compared to when they

are grown thru branch cutting propagation, according to (Creative Commons Attribution-

ShareAlike License). This shows that it is best for Kauyan Tinik bamboos to be grown

naturally.

Growth in Diameter of Kauyan Tinik bamboos in 3

weeks.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6
5
Diameter (cm)

4
3
2
1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0.1
0
Replica 1 Replica 2 Replica 3 Replica 4 Replica 5 Replica 6 Replica 7
Bamboo Replicas

Figure 2.

Kawayan tinik can be found in lowlands across the country. It can grow erect in

clumps and can extend up to 15-25 m tall with a diameter of 6 cm in 3 weeks. Its large

clumps and spiny branches at its basal portion are the distinguishing features of this

bamboo species. (www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph)

Series 1 shows the Kauyan Tinik bamboos’ growth in diameter that were

propagated using branch cutting method. Series 2 shows the Kauayan Tinik bamboos

growth in diameter that were naturally propagated. For the series 2, data gathered from

literature according to (http://www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/) was used. The graph shows

that Kauyan Tinik bamboos grow faster in diameter when they are propagated naturally

compared to when they are grown thru branch cutting propagation, according to

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(www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph). This shows that it is best for Kauyan Tinik bamboos to be

naturally propagated.

Discussion

In Problem 1, not all replicas of the set up exhibited the same growth in terms of

diameter. From week 1 to week 3, replicas 1, 3 and 7 grew a hundredth of a centimetre

in diameter, replicas 2 and 4 grew 0.2 centimetres in diameter, replicas 5 and 6 did not

show any growth at all. All replicas were sowed on the same mixture of soil (forest soil

and river sand soil at 1:1 ratio). All replicas of the set up were exposed to the same

location (open area). All replicas received the same hours of sunlight (10 hours of

sunlight). All replicas were applied with the same amount of root growing hormone

(honey and cinnamon mixture). All replicas were bedraggled with the same type of

water (tap water).

In Problem 2, the replicas of the set up did not display the same growth in terms

of length of the bamboos. From week 1 to week 3, replicas 3, 6 grew a hundredth of an

inch in the length of the bamboo, replicas 2 and 5 grew 0.2 inches in the length of its

internode closest to the sowed node, replicas 1, 4 and 7 grew 0.3 inches in the length of

the bamboos. All replicas were sowed on the same mixture of soil (forest soil and river

sand soil at 1:1 ratio). All replicas of the set up were exposed to the same location

(open area). All replicas received the same hours of sunlight (10 hours of sunlight). All

replicas were applied with the same amount of root growing hormone (honey and

cinnamon mixture). All replicas were bedraggled with the same type of water (tap

water).

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In Problem 3, a 3-D clustered column was used to compare the data that were

gathered both from the experiment and the cited sources. The graphs show the

difference in terms of growth both in length and diameter of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo

species.

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This study was conducted to test the effectivity of branch cutting as means of

propagation for Kauayan Tinik bamboo species. Forest soil was collected from Brgy.

Tabu Dulag, Leyte and the river-sand soil was collected from Brgy. Sungi Dulag, Leyte.

The two types of soil were sieved using a strainer. The sieved soil were mixed at a ratio

of 1:1. The mixture was then put in an empty 1.5 bottle, a total of 7 alternative marcot

bags were made. The Kauayan Tinik bamboo branches/ propagules were collected

from Brgy. Tabu Dulag, Leyte. The propagules were cut into desired length. Root

growing hormone as well as soft wax was then applied to the base-rim of each

propagule. The propagules were then stabbed into the propagating medium 1/2 of a node

deep. The top-rim of the propagules were watered until full. The water was changed

every after 48 hours. Growth of the propagules were recorded weekly. Thereafter, the

experiment was successfully through.

Conclusion:

Based on the data and results gathered through the experiment:

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1. Branch cutting propagation affects the diameter of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo

species.

2. Branch cutting propagation affects the length of the Kauyan Tinik bamboo

species.

3. There is a significant difference between branch cutting propagation and natural

ways of propagation of the Kauayan Tinik bamboo species.

Branch cutting propagation has less effectivity to the growth of Kauayan Tinik

bamboo species both in terms of diameter and length. Based on the data gathered from

the experiment and the cited sources. The natural way of propagation for Kauyan tinik

bamboo species shows more effective and better results than the branch cutting

propagation.

Recommendation

The researcher does not recommend to use the branch cutting propagation of

Kauyan Tinik bamboos for it is an inadequate propagating method compared to the

natural way of propagation for the specie. It shows unsatisfactory results such as:

1. Less growth in length compared to the natural way of propagation for the specie.

2. Less growth in diameter compared to the natural way of propagation for the

specie.

The content of this study can be used as an educational material.

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References

Suitable Species for Engineered Bamboo, Pcaard DOST Gov.ph, Retrieved from

www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/portal/index.php/quick-information-dispatch

Useful Information about Bamboo, Bambooland, Retrieved from

www.bambooland.com.au

How Bamboo Grows, Lewis Bamboo, Retrieved from https://lewisbamboo.com

Growth Evaluation of Long Internode Bamboo Species in South Gujarat, Research

Gate, Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication

Bamboo Stem Anatomy, Guadua Bamboo, Retrieved from

www.guaduabamboo.com/identification

Branch Cutting Propagation of Kawayang Tinik (Bambusa blumeana schultes) and

Kawayang Kiling, NAST PH, Retrieved from www.nast.ph

Bamboo Propagation of Kawayan Tinik and Other Similar Species, Scribd, Retrieved

from

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www.scribd.com/document

A Few Uses for Bamboo and its Importance in the Philippines, Annjoest, Retrieved from

www.annjoest.com

Kawayan Tinik, Carolina Bamboo Garden, Retreived from

www.carolinabamboogarden.com

Bamboo Species, DENR Gov.ph, Retrieved from www.erdb.denr.gov.ph

Kawayan Tinik Shoot and Pole Production, Agriculture Philippines, Retrieved from

www.agriculture.com.ph

Best Growing Conditions for Bamboo, The Spruce, Retrieved from www.thespruce.com

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Appendices

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Sieved forest soil. Sieved river-sand soil.

Mass of the sieved forest soil. Mass of the sieved river-sand soil.

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Mass

of the sieved forest soil to be Mass of the sieved riversand-soil to be

used in the marcot bag. used in the marcot bag.

Mixture of forest soil to riversand soil `A total number of 7 mixtures were

at a ratio of 1:1. made.

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Knife used to cut the bamboos into Mini-shovel used to gather the soil

desired length. to be used.

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Scissors used to make the marcot 12-inch ruler to measure the length

bag. and diameter.

Large strainer for sieving both soils. Dipper for watering the bamboos.

Plastic container to easily weigh the Small wok to easily weigh the sieved
soil for marcot bags. soils.

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Rooting hormone. 1.5-empty plastic bottle for marcot bag

Spray bottle. Marcot bag.

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500 mL Beaker Digital Weighing Scale

Kauayan Tiinik Propagules Kauayan Tinik

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Stapped Kauyan Tinik propagules into the rooting medium

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Acknowledgement

My warmest gratitude profoundly extends to those who bear a hand in one

way or another put together my study in Research II a success.

To my Research II subject teacher, Mrs. Irhyn V. Reyes, to my parents, to

the people who inspired and impelled me and to everyone who have given their time

and effort in helping me in my study become possible and for supporting me on

completing and finalizing my Research paper, thank you very much.

Above all, I give back all the glory and honour to our Heavenly Father who

has always been there to give me hope to do the work and who has given me

everything that I have and everything that I am.

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Curriculum Vitae

Name: Jade Reinrick C. Mejico

Age: 15

Learning Reference Number: 121345100066

Junior High School: Dulag National High School

Year and Section: 9 STE

Elementary School: Dulag SPED Centre

Residence: Combis Dulag, Leyte

Cell phone number: 09192750896

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