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  • "Circulation: Movement Through Space" - Francis DK Ching in Architecture: Form, Space & Order

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    Circulation refers to the movement of people through buildings and spaces. It includes the pathways and routes that people take as they move three-dimensionally and over time. Architects consider various types of circulation when designing buildings, including horizontal and vertical movement, public or private use, and frequency and timing of use. The main types that influence building layout are direction of movement and type of use. Horizontal circulation includes hallways and paths for moving between spaces, while vertical circulation connects different levels using stairs, elevators, and other means. Public circulation prioritizes accessibility, visibility, and crowd movement, while private circulation accounts for more intimate or service-related movement.

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    WHAT IS CIRCULATION 1

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    Circulation refers to the movement of people through buildings and spaces. It includes the pathways and routes that people take as they move three-dimensionally and over time. Architects consider various types of circulation when designing buildings, including horizontal and vertical movement, public or private use, and frequency and timing of use. The main types that influence building layout are direction of movement and type of use. Horizontal circulation includes hallways and paths for moving between spaces, while vertical circulation connects different levels using stairs, elevators, and other means. Public circulation prioritizes accessibility, visibility, and crowd movement, while private circulation accounts for more intimate or service-related movement.

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    "Circulation: Movement Through Space" - Francis DK Ching in Architecture: Form, Space & Order

    Uploaded by

    bolehemail
    Circulation refers to the movement of people through buildings and spaces. It includes the pathways and routes that people take as they move three-dimensionally and over time. Architects consider various types of circulation when designing buildings, including horizontal and vertical movement, public or private use, and frequency and timing of use. The main types that influence building layout are direction of movement and type of use. Horizontal circulation includes hallways and paths for moving between spaces, while vertical circulation connects different levels using stairs, elevators, and other means. Public circulation prioritizes accessibility, visibility, and crowd movement, while private circulation accounts for more intimate or service-related movement.

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    WHAT IS CIRCULATION?

    “Circulation: movement through space”


    — FRANCIS DK CHING IN ARCHITECTURE:
    FORM, SPACE & ORDER
    Before I began studying architecture, the word circulation meant very little to me, other than bringing to
    mind science classes spent learning about the movement of blood around the human body.  

    In architecture, the concept of circulation isn't so different - it refers to the way people, the blood of
    our buildings, move through space.

    In particular, circulation routes are the pathways people take through and around buildings or urban places.
    Circulation is often thought of as the 'space between the spaces', having a connective function, but it can be
    much more than that. It is the concept that captures the experience of moving our bodies around a building,
    three-dimensionally and through time.

    In this article, I will look at what circulation is, and how you can design for it - using the rules and
    breaking them too. I also touch on how architects represent circulation, often using diagrams, and how
    circulation relates to Building Code Requirements.

    Components of Circulation
    Although every space a person could access or occupy forms part of the circulation system of a building,
    when we talk about circulation, we typically don’t try to account for where every person might go. Instead,
    we often approximate the main routes of the majority of users. 

    To simplify further, architects typically divide their thinking according to different types of circulation,
    which overlay with one another and the overall planning. The type and extent of these divisions will be
    project dependant, but might include:

     direction of movement: horizontal or vertical;


     type of use: public or private, front of house or back of house;
     frequency of use: common or emergency; and
     time of use: morning, day, evening, continuous.

    Each of these types of circulation will require different architectural consideration. The movement might
    be fast or slow, mechanical or manual, undertaken in the dark or fully lit, crowded or individual. The
    pathways might be leisurely and winding, or narrow and direct.

    Of these types of circulation, direction and use are often critical to a building layout. 

    DIRECTION

    Horizontal circulation might include hallways, atria, paths, entries and exits. It is also affected by the
    furniture layout, or other objects in the space such as columns, trees, or topographic changes. This is why
    architects usually furniture as part of a concept design, because it is critically linked to the flow, function
    and feeling of the space. 
    Vertical circulation is how people move up and down within the building, so includes things like stairs,
    lifts, ramps, ladders and escalators which allow us to move from one level to another.

    USE

    Public circulation is the areas of the building which are most widely and easily accessible. In this guise,
    circulation is often overlapped with other functions, such as a lobby, atrium, or gallery, and is enhanced to
    a high level of architectural quality. Issues of visibility, how crowds move, and clear escape paths are key.

    Private circulation accounts for the more intimate movements within the building, or the uglier ones
    which require a degree of privacy. In a house this might be the back door, in a large building the back of
    house, staff offices or storage zones.

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