Lesson 4. Planting Ornamental Plants What Are Ornamental Plants?

ST. ANDREW MONTESSORI AND HIGH SCHOOL INC.
,
NANCAYASAN, URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN
S.Y. 2020-2021
TLE/ EPP 4
Lesson 4. Planting Ornamental Plants
What are Ornamental Plants?
“Ornamental” meaning beautiful rather than useful. Ornamental plants are plants that are
grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, cut
flowers and specimen display. The cultivation of ornamental plants is called floriculture, which
forms a major branch of horticulture.
A plant is considered to be ornamental when used by a gardener to decorate a garden. For
instance, a gardener can turn a plant into a bonsai. There are shrubs, bushes, vines, grass and
even trees too.
Classification of Ornamental Plants
According to their LIFE SPAN
1. Annual plants only live for one season before perishing. Almost all vegetables are
classified as annuals, as well as many flowering plants and some grasses. The reasons
annuals only survive one season.
2. Biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological life
cycle. In the first year, the plant undergoes primary growth, in which its leaves, stems,
and roots develop. Usually, the stem of the plant remains short and the leaves are low to
the ground.
3. Perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term is
often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is
also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and
shrubs, which are also technically perennials.
According to PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Herbaceous plants in botany, frequently shortened to herbs, are vascular plants that have
no persistent woody stems above ground. Herb has other meanings in cooking, medicine,
and other fields. Herbaceous plants are those plants that do not have woody stems.
2. A shrub or bush is a small- to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous
plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be deciduous or
evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height,
less than 6 m-10 m tall.
3. Vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems, lianas or runners. The
word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in
wicker work.
4. Tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and
leaves in most species. A tree is a tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood.
Trees can live for many years.
5. Grass is a monocotyledon plant, herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the
base. A common kind of grass is used to cover the ground in a lawn and other places.
Grass normally gets water from the roots, which are located in the ground. Example of an
ornamental grass is Bermuda grass.
Planting ornamental plants is the same as planting an ordinary plant. It becomes
complicated only when you try to cultivate and produce a bonsai which require regular
pruning (trim or cutting unwanted parts) to achieve the quality the gardener wants.
Some common ornamental plants that can you find in the usual Filipino backyards:
1. Bird of Paradise
2. Anahaw
3. Bonsai
4. Conifers
5. Fine Tree
6. Bougainvillea
7. Gerbera
8. Orchids
9. Lotus
5 Ways of Propagating Plants/ GROW PLANTS
Propagating plants means creating new plants from existing specimens, and is an important part
of permaculture. It means that you can have a self-sustaining site; you can preserve local,
indigenous and heirloom species, and cut the cost of buying seeds, seedlings or new plants.
There are several methods that gardeners use to propagate plants.
Seeds
Seeds are the natural way flowering plants reproduce. The plants produce flowers, which either
contain both male and female parts (stamens and pistils, respectively) in one bloom or have
separate flowers for the male and female organs. The flowers get pollinated when pollen is
transported from one plant’s stamen (male organ) to another’s pistil (the female equivalent). This
can occur via the wind or, more commonly, by insects visiting the plants and inadvertently
carrying pollen off to another plant. (It is to attract these pollinating insects that flowers are
colored, shaped and perfumed in different ways, as well as providing nectar.) Once this happens
a seed develops in the female parts of the plant.
Growing plants from seeds is one of the easiest methods of propagating species. You can buy
seeds cheaply, but also harvest them from an established garden or source them from a seed
bank. Seed can also be stored in the refrigerator, sometimes for years, until you are ready to plant
it. However, some plants can take a long time to mature from seed to adult.
To grow plants from seeds, the most common method is to plant them in containers with a
growing medium free of harmful insects and pathogens. A small amount of compost can help,
but most importantly the containers and soil must drain well as waterlogging is harmful to seed
development.
As a general rule, plant the seeds at a depth four times that of the size of the seed (although,
some plants require surface sowing) and keep moist but not damp. The majority of perennials,
annuals and vegetable will germinate best when kept at a temperature between 65- and 75-
degrees Fahrenheit. When seedlings sprout gives them a good amount of light until they grow
strong enough for planting in the garden.
Cuttings
Another method available to perm culturists to propagate plants from their garden is tasking a
cutting. This means cutting off a stem from a living plant and allowing it to develop its own root
system. Take cuttings from healthy stems with no flower buds on them, and cut at a 45-degree
angle so that the potential rooting surface is maximized.
Most plant cuttings need to be planted in a soil-less posting mix, one that drains well, and placed
in a warm place. Most like direct sunshine for at least part of the day. While you want to avoid
the soil getting waterlogged, cuttings often benefit from increased humidity. You can achieve
this by placing the cutting in a plastic bag or cover with a glass container. All being well, new
roots should begin to form after four weeks or so, and can be transplanted to larger containers or
a sheltered nursery spot in the garden.
Grafting
Grafting is a more advanced method of propagation, and involves the splicing of a stem from one
plant onto the root system of another. The tissues of the two plants will then fuse, allowing the
stem to benefit from the nutrients and water being absorbed by the rootstock.
While different plants may require variations, the general method of grafting is to select a
healthy stem that contains at least one bud, and cut it on the diagonal. Make an equivalent
diagonal cut in the rootstock (these diagonal cuts increases the surface areas in contact with one
another and so help to create a stringer joint) and insert the stem. Bind with tape or twine so that
the stem and rootstock remain in contact (avoid grafting in areas prone to high winds). Graft at
the start of spring and the new stem should begin growing within around a month.
Budding
Budding is a form of grafting. Rather than using a stem, a single bud is taken from one ways of
propagating plants Budding is a form of grafting. Rather than using a stem, a single bud is taken
from one plant and grafted into the rootstock of another. A similar technique is required to
grafting, with the bud inserted into a cut in the rootstock. Typically, a ‘T’ shaped cut is made in
the rootstock and the bud, attached to a small rectangle of stem is slipped inside. The bud then
needs to be taped up.
For budding, choose mature buds for the best chance of success, and for most plants, perform the
procedure as fall turns to winter. That way, your bud should grow when spring comes around.
Budding is often used to propagate fruit species.
Division
Propagation by division involves separating a whole plant into several smaller pieces, each of
which can then become new, independent plants. It works best with mature specimens and,
indeed, can help more mature plants to have a longer active life. It also provides more plants to
utilize in different areas of the garden or in different guilds. Division is commonly used for
species whose roots grow in clumps or crowns, and so offer obvious dividing points. These
include many ferns and bamboos.
A few days before dividing a plant, water it thoroughly. This reduces the stress on the plant. Dig
around the perimeter of the plant and extract it from the ground. Use a sharp blade to separate the
root into pieces (there will usually be obvious ridges or grooves that lend themselves to division)
and place each in a bucket of water. Plant each new specimen in a hole as deep as the one from
which you took the original plant. Add some compost to help them get established, and water
well. Divide either early in spring or early in fall, to give the new plants time to establish
themselves before the heat of summer or cold of winter. Add mulch to feed and protect the new
plants, but if planting in spring, allow some space around the new stems so the soil is able to get
warmed.
Activity:
List down 20 ornamental plants and classify them according to their physical properties.
Make a table in a long bond paper to be pass on Monday.
Prepared by:
Reynaldo C. Paris
Subject Teacher

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